the Week of Proper 28 / Ordinary 33
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Bible Encyclopedias
Charity
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
or 1.
2.
3. An Apostolic Term
4. Latin Equivalents
5. English Translation
6. Inward Motive
7. Character
8. Ultimate Ideal
9. Almsgiving
10. Tolerance
In the King James Version in 26 places from 1 Corinthians 8:1 onward. The same Greek word, which appears in the New Testament 115 times, is elsewhere translated by "love."
1. A N ew Word
The substantive
2. A N ew Ideal
It is a significant evidence of the sense of a new ideal and principle of life that permeated the Christian consciousness of the earliest communities, that they should have made current a new word to express it, and that they should derive that word, not from the current or philosophical language of Greek morality, but from the Septuagint.
3. An Apostolic Term
In the New Testament the word is apostolic, and appears first and predominantly in the Pauline writings. It is found only twice in the Synoptics (Matthew 24:12; Luke 11:42 ), and although it is in both places put in the mouth of the Saviour, it can easily be understood how the language of a later time may have been used by the narrator, when it is considered that these gospels were compiled and reduced to writing many years after the spread of the Pauline epistles. The word is not found in James, Mark or Acts, but it appears in Paul 75 times, in John 30 times, in Peter 4 times, in Jude twice and in Hebrews twice. Jesus Christ gave the thing and the spirit in the church, and the apostles (probably Paul) invented the term to express it.
4. Latin Equivalents
When Jerome came to translate the Greek Testament into Latin, he found in that language no word to represent
5. English Translation
Caritas in English became "charity," and was taken over by the English translators from the Vulg, though not with any regularity, nor as far as can be judged, according to any definite principle, except that it is used of
6. Inward Motive
In Paul's psalm of love (1 Corinthians 13:1-13 ) it is set forth as an innermost principle contrasted with prophecy and knowledge, faith and works, as the motive that determines the quality of the whole inner life, and gives value to all its activities. If a man should have all gifts of miracles and intellect, and perform all the works of goodness and devotion, "and have not love, it profiteth nothing," for they would be purely external and legal, and lacking in the quality of moral choice and personal relation which give life its value (1 Corinthians 13:1-3 ). Love itself defines men's relation to men as generous, tolerant and forgiving.
7. Character
"Love suffereth long, and is kind; love envieth not" (1 Corinthians 13:4 ). It determines and defines a man's own character and personality. It is not boastful and arrogant, but dignified, pure, holy, courageous and serene. Evil cannot provoke it nor wrong delight it. It bears cheerfully all adversity and follows its course in confident hope (1 Corinthians 13:4-7 ). It is final virtue, the ultimate ideal of life. Many of life's activities cease or change, but "love never faileth."
8. Ultimate Ideal
To it all other graces and virtues are subordinated. "Now abideth faith, hope, love, these three; and the greatest of these is love" (1 Corinthians 13:8-13 ). In one passage only in the New Testament (3 John 1:6 )
9. Almsgiving
With the growing legalism of the church and the prevalence of monastic ideals of morality, caritas came to mean the very opposite of Paul's
10. Tolerance
The Revisers have therefore accurately dropped the word and substituted "love" for it in all passages. It is interesting to note that in Welsh the reverse process has occurred:
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Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. Entry for 'Charity'. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/isb/c/charity.html. 1915.
