Verse-by-Verse Bible Commentary
Psalms 97:11

Clarke's Commentary

Verse Psalms 97:11. Light is sown for the righteous — The Divine light in the soul of man is a seed which takes root, and springs up and increases thirty, sixty, and a hundred fold. Gladness is also a seed: it is sown, and, if carefully improved and cultivated, will also multiply itself into thousands. Every grace of God is a seed, which he intends should produce a thousand fold in the hearts of genuine believers. We do not so much require more grace from God, as the cultivation of what we have received. God will not give more, unless we improve what we have got. Remember the parable of the talents. Let the light and gladness be faithfully cultivated, and they will multiply themselves till the whole body shall be full of light, and the whole soul full of happiness. But it is the righteous only for whom the light is sown; and the upright in heart alone for whom the gladness is sown.

The words may also signify that, however distressed or persecuted the righteous and the upright may be, it shall not be always so. As surely as the grain that is sown in the earth shall vegetate, and bring forth its proper fruit in its season, so surely shall light-prosperity, and gladness-comfort and peace, be communicated to them. They also will spring up in due time.

Bridgeway Bible Commentary

Psalms 97-100 God the universal king

Psalms 97:0 follows on from the thought on which the previous psalm closed (namely, that God is king over the earth). It shows that holiness, righteousness and justice are the basis of God’s kingdom. His judgment will be as universal as a flash of lightning and as powerful as an all-consuming fire (97:1-5). Every thing will bow before his rule (6-7). His own people already recognize him as Lord and bring him fitting worship (8-9). They can experience the light and joy of his salvation in their everyday lives as they reject what is evil and choose what is good (10-12).

Continuing the theme of the previous psalm, Psalms 98:0 reminds the people to welcome the divine universal king. By his power, he has conquered evil and established his kingdom in righteousness and love (98:1-3). People worldwide are to praise God with music and singing because of his great victory (4-6). The physical creation is invited to join in the praise, rejoicing because of him who rules the earth with justice (7-9).

From his throne in Zion, the city of God, God rules over the earth in holiness and justice (99:1-4) and people respond with worship (5). The psalmist refers to the lives of Moses, Aaron and Samuel to show how God answered the prayers of those who submitted to his rule and obeyed his law (6-7). When people disobeyed they were punished, but when they repented God forgave them (8). The God who rules in Zion is holy, and those who worship him must also fear him (9).

Psalms 100:0 is the climax of this group of six psalms. People of all the world are to worship God gladly, acknowledging him as their God, their maker and their shepherd (100:1-3). They are invited to come into his temple, where they can unite in thankfully praising him for his loving faithfulness to them (4-5).

Coffman's Commentaries on the Bible

THE BLESSEDNESS OF THE RIGHTEOUS

"Zion heard and was glad, And the daughters of Judah rejoiced, Because of thy judgments, O Jehovah. For thou, Jehovah, art most high above all the earth: Thou art exalted far above all gods. Oh ye that love Jehovah, hate evil: He preserveth the souls of his saints; He delivereth them out of the hand of the wicked. Light is sown for the righteous, And gladness for the upright in heart. Be glad in Jehovah, ye righteous; And give thanks to his holy memorial name."

"Zion heard and was glad… daughters of Judah rejoiced" The Anchor Bible renders this, "Let Zion hear… let the daughters of Judah rejoice."Mitchell Dahood in The Anchor Bible, Vol. II, p. 362. It appears to us that the passage is true either way it reads, the "righteous remnant" alone being the portion of Zion that heard and obeyed God.

"Daughters of Judah" is Hebraic for the towns and villages surrounding Jerusalem."Ibid.

The big thought in this entire paragraph is the joy and happiness of those who follow the Lord. "The pursuit of happiness" is mentioned in the Declaration of Independence of the U.S.A.; and the major percentage of all human endeavor is directed toward the goal of achieving some measure of `happiness.'

Why is it true that only the righteous are happy? There is actually no mystery about this. "God destined us (all who ever lived) in love to be his sons through Jesus Christ, according to the purpose of his will" (Ephesians 1:5 RSV). This simply means that all men were destined by God to be Christians; to live otherwise is to live contrary to one's destiny; and that cannot ever achieve happiness for any creature God ever made, not even man. The tiger leaving bloody tracks on the stone floor of his prison in the zoo, the bird in its cage, the fish out of water - are such creatures happy? No indeed! Why? They were destined for another kind of existence. Sinful men find themselves in the same predicament. Men can live contrary to their destiny, all right, but the wretchedness of their lives is the price they pay for it. Man was so made by the Creator that his highest happiness, both in the present existence, and in the world to come are achieved by faithfulness to the will of God.

Let the intelligent ponder a simple question: "If you were Almighty God, would you create an intelligent being such as man in such a manner that he would be happier in the service of the devil, than in serving you?" To meditate upon that questions is to know the answer.

There are further words on this subject in Vol. 6 of our New Testament Commentaries (Romans), under 3:29.

"Thou art exalted far above all gods" This would include all idol-gods, and all self-esteemed `gods' among the leaders of mankind, the latter being a reference sarcastically to humans endowed with some authority who presume to act like gods.

"Oh ye that love Jehovah, hate evil" As it stands, of course, this is indeed a valid and binding commandment upon all who love the Lord; however, we prefer the rendition in the RSV, which has it differently.

"The Lord loves those who hate evil" (RSV, Psalms 97:10). However, Kidner warned us that, "RSV's rendition here makes a smoother sentence; but the textual support is scanty, and smoothness is not a criterion."Derek Kidner, Vol. II, p. 351.

The necessity for hating evil is obvious. God hates all evil, and those who are born again in the likeness of God invariably find it in their very nature to hate that which is evil. The current false view of God as a namby-pamby, easy-going old grandpa who is so good that he couldn't ever really hate anybody no matter how scandalously wicked, is a very inadequate conception of the God of the Bible.

"Love for God necessarily implies hatred of evil, which is God's antagonist, and which God also hates."Alexander Maclaren, Vol. III, p. 65.

"Light is sown for the righteous… gladness for the upright" This is one of those radical figures of speech encountered now and then in the Bible. Light is not actually "planted," i.e., buried in the ground. Now what does this mean? Maclaren explained it.

"Darkness often wraps the righteous, and it is not true to experience to say that his way is always in the sunlight. But it is a consolation to know that light is sown, invisible and buried, as it were, but sure to germinate and bear fruit."Ibid., p. 66.

Many a man, in the midst of sore trials, has suddenly seen the light sown in his heart long previously by those who taught him the Word of God.

"Be glad in Jehovah, ye righteous… and give thanks" Whereas the psalm began with a call for the whole earth to rejoice, it is here an invitation for the individual to rejoice, giving thanks to God.

Does this not say something about the personality of the righteous? Servants of the Lord should be happy people, and that happiness should be evident in their daily appearance to all men. The notion that a Christian is a sad, gloomy, and miserable person is a caricature of the truth. The old cartoon that showed a little girl with her arm around a donkey, saying, "You must be a Christian, you've got such a long face" presented a terrible misunderstanding of the truth.

The manifold obligations of Christians appear in this final paragraph. "Those who rejoice in the Coming of the King, must even in the present time: (1) love the Lord; (2) hate evil; (3) rejoice; and (4) give thanks."Wycliffe Old Testament Commentary, Old Testament, p. 531.

The repeated admonitions here concerning joy and rejoicing emphasize the fact that, in spite of our still being in our probationary existence, still subject to sin and temptation, we should make every effort to live out our lives in the glorious knowledge that the victory has already been won; we should live, and act, and think that we are doing "all things through Christ who strengthens us."

Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible

Light is sown for the righteous - That is, There is light for the righteous; or, they shall be brought into light, though they may be for a time in darkness. The word rendered “sown” - זרע zâra‛ - is from a verb which properly denotes to scatter, to disperse - as seed is scattered or dispersed when sown in a field. It is hence used with reference to moral subjects, as to sow righteousness, Proverbs 11:18; to sow iniquity, Proverbs 22:8; to sow mischief, Job 4:8; that is, these things are scattered or sown, as seed is in a field, and produce a corresponding harvest. Thus light is scattered abroad, and will produce an appropriate harvest - a harvest of joy. It will spring up around the righteous, and he shall reap that which light tends to produce - happiness, intelligence, and peace. The figure of sowing light is an unusual one, but the meaning is plain. It is, that the righteous will not always be in darkness; that there is in preparation for him a harvest of joy; that it will as certainly be produced as a harvest will from grain that is sown; that though there may be present calamities, there will be ultimate peace and triumph.

And gladness for the upright in heart - The word gladness here - joy, or rejoicing - is parallel to the word light. Joy or gladness is sown for the righteous; that is, arrangements are made for producing joy, as preparations are made by sowing seed for a harvest. The world is full of arrangements for conferring happiness on the righteous.

Calvin's Commentary on the Bible

11.Light has been sown for the righteous He confirms the truth just advanced, and anticipates an objection which might be brought against it. We have seen that the Lord’s people are often treated with the utmost cruelty and injustice, and would seem to be abandoned to the fury of their enemies. The Psalmist reminds us for our encouragement that God, even when he does not immediately deliver his children, upholds them by his secret power. ⁽¹⁰⁴⁾ In the first clause of the verse there is a double metaphor. By light is meant joy, or a prosperous issue, (according to a phraseology which is common in Scripture,) as darkness denotes adversity. The latter metaphor of sowing is rather more difficult to understand. ⁽¹⁰⁵⁾ Some think that gladness is sown for the just, as seed which, when cast into the ground, dies or lies buried in the earth a considerable time before it germinates. This idea may be a good one; but, perhaps, the simplest meaning of the words is the following, that though the righteous may be almost banished out of the world, and unable to venture themselves forth in public, and hidden from view, God will spread abroad their joy like seed, or bring forth to notice the light of their joy which had been shut up. The second clause of the verse is an exegesis of the first — light being interpreted to mean joy, and the righteous such as are upright in heart This definition of righteousness is worthy of notice, That it does not consist in a mere outward appearance, but comprehends integrity of heart, more being required to constitute us righteous in God’s sight than that we simply keep our tongue, hands, or feet, from wickedness. In the concluding verse he exhorts the Lord’s people to gratitude, that looking upon God as their Redeemer, they should lead a life corresponding to the mercy they have received, and rest contented under all the evils they encounter, with the consciousness that they enjoy his protection.

(104) “Quamvis non statim suos liberet Deus, arcana tamen virtute tucri eorum salutem.” — Lat.

(105) Walford objects to the version light is sown, on the ground that it presents an incongruous combination of figures; and he translates, “light is diffused.” “Who can say,” he remarks, “what is meant by the sowing of light? The diffusion or expansion of light is intelligible, and means that though good men may be in darkness or adversity, light and prosperity will burst through the cloud.” The Septuagint, Vulgate, Arabic, and Æthiopic versions translate, “light is risen for the righteous,” probably reading זרח, zarach, which De Rossi found in one manuscript, instead of זרע,zara Houbigant and others adopt this reading, conceiving it to be more agreeable to the common idea of light. But Muis vindicates the text from Psalms 126:5; and Archbishop Secker thinks “sown” a very proper expression. In support of the same rendering, Merrick, in his Annotations, quotes several passages from the classic Greek authors, in which both light and gladness are said to be sown.

Smith's Bible Commentary

Psalms 97:1-12 :

The LORD reigneth ( Psalms 97:1 );

In the previous psalm, it said, "The Lord reigneth. Say among the heathen, 'The Lord reigneth.'" I think that this is something that we often forget in the adverse circumstances of life, that God reigns.

We used to have a dear saint of God in Huntington Beach, that whenever I would get discouraged, she'd say, "Well, Charles, the Lord is still on the throne." I'd say, "Thanks, I needed that." You know, sometimes I would forget that God was on the throne. I'd look at the things that were happening in the world around me and I'd see all the disasters and see how things were going so bad and all, and I'd start to get upset. She'd say, "But Charles, the Lord is still on the throne." Oh, the Lord reigneth. How we need to remember that.

God is reigning. Things are not out of control. You know, you read of the new weapons that Russia has. Man, the Lord reigneth. It's not out of control. He knows exactly what's going on, the Lord reigneth. That's really the only hope for the world today that God is reigning. He's on the throne. He's allowing it to go so far, but God has set the limits. He said, "That's it. That's all the further you're going." He's reigning.

Now men think that they are reigning sometimes. Russia thinks that they are reigning. Russia's going to move down into Israel thinking that no one can stop her, but the Lord reigneth. God says, "Hey, you're going to come so far and then blotto!" The Lord reigneth.

let the earth rejoice; and the multitude of the isles be glad. Clouds and darkness are round about him: righteousness and judgment are the habitation of his throne. A fire goes before him, and burns up his enemies round about. His lightnings enlightened the world: the earth saw, and trembled. The hills melted like wax at the presence of the LORD, at the presence of the Lord of the whole eaRuth ( Psalms 97:1-5 ).

This is reference to Mount Sinai, the giving of the law.

The heavens declare his righteousness, and all the people see his glory. Confounded be all they that serve the graven images, which boast themselves of idols: worship him, all ye gods. Zion heard, and was glad; and the daughters of Judah rejoiced because of thy judgments, O LORD. For thou, LORD, art high above all the earth: thou art exalted far above all gods. Ye that love the LORD, hate evil ( Psalms 97:6-10 ):

Underline that and put emphatic marks around it. If you really love God, hate evil. Unfortunately, because of the iniquity of the earth today, we have developed sort of a toleration towards evil. And in some quarters, even an acceptance of evil, because evil is desiring to be accepted. It wants to make itself acceptable. But if you really love the Lord, then hate evil. Have no toleration for it. Certainly no place in your life. "Ye that love the Lord, hate evil."

for he preserveth the souls of his saints; and delivers them out of the hand of the wicked. Light is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart. Rejoice in the LORD, ye righteous; and give thanks at the remembrance of his holiness ( Psalms 97:10-12 ). "

Dr. Constable's Expository Notes

Psalms 97

The writer of this psalm also saw the Lord coming to rule and reign on the earth. He exhorted his readers to prepare for that event by living appropriately in the present.

Dr. Constable's Expository Notes

3. The appropriate response 97:10-12

Dr. Constable's Expository Notes

Rejoicing and thanksgiving are also appropriate responses to God’s gifts of understanding and joy. [Note: See Allen, Rediscovering Prophecy, pp. 195-213.]

The vision that this psalm presents, of God coming to establish His kingdom, should move His people to prepare themselves for that great event (cf. 2 Peter 3:10-12; 2 Peter 3:14).

Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible

Light is sown for the righteous,.... Who are made righteous by the obedience of Christ, and live soberly and righteously; the light of joy and gladness, as it is explained in the next clause; see Esther 8:16 so, φοως, "light", is frequently used by Homer x for joy and gladness: these sometimes are without it, through the hidings of God's face, the prevalence of corruptions, the force of Satan's temptations, and the many afflictions they meet with; but joy and gladness, peace and comfort, are sown for them in the counsels and purposes of God, in his covenant, in the Scriptures, in the Gospel, and in the promises of it; and, though at present hidden, will spring up in God's due time, Psalms 112:4, and which also may be interpreted of the light of glory, which at present does not appear; but it is prepared in the purpose of God, and in his promise, and shall be enjoyed by the heirs of it. The Septuagint, Vulgate Latin, and all the Oriental versions, render it, "light is risen for the righteous"; and so the Targum,

"light is risen and prepared for the righteous;''

Christ, the light of the world, the sun of righteousness, is risen for them, and upon them, with healing in his wings, which bring joy and comfort to them:

and gladness for the upright in heart; such as have new hearts and right spirits formed in them, and are Israelites indeed, that have the truth of grace and the root of the matter in them: gladness is prepared, provided, and promised to them, and sooner or later they shall have it; the seed of it is sown, and it will spring up, and a large crop shall be enjoyed. Kimchi's note is,

"light is sown for the righteous in this world, and they shall reap light and joy in time to come, in the days of the Messiah.''

x Iliad 6. v. 6. & 8. v. 282. & 16. v. 39.

Henry's Complete Commentary on the Bible

      8 Zion heard, and was glad; and the daughters of Judah rejoiced because of thy judgments, O LORD.   9 For thou, LORD, art high above all the earth: thou art exalted far above all gods.   10 Ye that love the LORD, hate evil: he preserveth the souls of his saints; he delivereth them out of the hand of the wicked.   11 Light is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart.   12 Rejoice in the LORD, ye righteous; and give thanks at the remembrance of his holiness.

      The kingdom of the Messiah, like the pillar of cloud and fire, as it has a dark side towards the Egyptians, so it has a bright side towards the Israel of God. It is set up in spite of opposition; and then the earth saw and trembled (Psalms 97:4; Psalms 97:4), but Zion heard and was glad, very glad, to hear of the conversion of some and of the confusion of others, that is, the conquest of all that stood it out against Christ. Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! for behold thy king comes unto thee,Zechariah 9:9. And not Zion only, where the temple was, but even the daughters of Judah, rejoiced; the common people, the inhabitants of the villages, they shall triumph in Christ's victories. The command (Psalms 97:1; Psalms 97:1) is, Let the earth rejoice; but it is only the sons of Zion and the daughters of Judah that do rejoice. All should bid the kingdom of the Messiah welcome, but few do. Now here observe,

      I. The reasons that are given for Zion's joy in the government of the Redeemer. The faithful servants of God may well rejoice and be glad, 1. Because God is glorified, and whatever redounds to his honour is very much his people's pleasure. They rejoice because of thy judgments, O Lord! which may take in both the judgments of his mouth and the judgments of his hand, the word of his gospel and his works wrought for the propagating of it, miracles and marvellous providences; for in these we must own, "Thou, Lord, art high above all the earth (Psalms 97:9; Psalms 97:9); thou hast manifested thy sovereignty in the kingdom of nature, and thy command of all its powers, and thy dominion over all nations, over all hearts; thou art exalted far above all gods" --all deputed gods, that is, princes--all counterfeit gods, that is, idols. The exaltation of Christ, and the advancement of God's glory among men thereby, are the rejoicing of all the saints. 2. Because care is taken for their safety. Those that pay allegiance to Christ as a King shall be sure of his protection. Princes are the shields of the earth; Christ is so to his subjects; they may put their trust under his shadow and rejoice in it, for (Psalms 97:10; Psalms 97:10) He preserves the souls of the saints; he preserves their lives as long as he has any work for them to do, and wonderfully delivers them many a time out of the hand of the wicked, their persecutors that thirst after their blood; for precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his saints. But something more is meant than their lives; for those that will be his disciples must be willing to lay down their lives, and not indent for the securing of them. It is the immortal soul that Christ preserves, the inward man, which may be renewed more and more when the outward man decays. He will preserve the souls of his saints from sin, from apostasy, and despair, under their greatest trials; he will deliver them out of the hands of the wicked one that seeks to devour them; he will preserve them safely to his heavenly kingdom,2 Timothy 4:18. They have therefore reason to be glad, being thus safe. 3. Because provision is made for their comfort. Those that rejoice in Christ Jesus, and in his exaltation, have fountains of joy treasured up for them, which will be opened sooner or later (Psalms 97:11; Psalms 97:11): Light is sown for the righteous, that is, gladness for the upright in heart. The subjects of Christ's kingdom are told to expect tribulation in the world. They must suffer by its malice, and must not share in its mirth; yet let them know, to their comfort, that light is sown for them; it is designed and prepared for them. What is sown will come up again in due time; though, like a winter seedness, it may lie long under the clods, and seem to be lost and buried, yet it will return in a rich and plentiful increase. God's goodness shall be sure of a harvest in the appointed weeks. Those that sow in tears shall, without fail, reap in joy,Psalms 126:5; Psalms 126:6. Christ told his disciples, at parting (John 16:20), You shall be sorrowful, but your sorrow shall be turned into joy. Gladness is sure to the upright in heart, to those only that are sincere in religion. The joy of the hypocrite is but for a moment. There is no serenity without a lasting sincerity,

      II. The rules that are given for Zion's joy. 1. Let it be a pure and holy joy. "You that love the Lord Jesus, that love his appearing and kingdom, that love his word and his exaltation, see that you hate evil, the evil of sin, every thing that is offensive to him and will throw you out of his favour." Note, A true love to God will show itself in a real hatred of all sin, as that abominable thing which he hates. The joy of the saints should likewise confirm their antipathy to sin and divine comforts should put their mouths out of taste for sensual pleasures. 2. Let the joy terminate in God (Psalms 97:12; Psalms 97:12): Rejoice in the Lord, you righteous. Let all the streams of comfort, which flow to us in the channel of Christ's kingdom, lead us to the fountain, and oblige us to rejoice in the Lord. All the lines of joy must meet in him as in the centre. See Philippians 3:3; Philippians 4:4. 3. Let it express itself in praise and thanksgiving: Give thanks at the remembrance of his holiness. Whatever is the matter of our rejoicing ought to be the matter of our thanksgiving, and particularly the holiness of God. Those that hate sin themselves are glad that God does so, in hopes that therefore he will not suffer it to have dominion over them. Note, (1.) We ought to be much in the remembrance of God's holiness, the infinite purity, rectitude, and perfection of the divine nature. We must be ever mindful of his holy covenant, which he has confirmed with an oath by his holiness. (2.) We ought to give thanks at the remembrance of his holiness, not only give him the glory of it as it is an honour to him, but give him thanks for it as it is a favour to us; and an unspeakable favour it will be if, through grace, we are partakers of his holiness. It is God's holiness which, above all his attributes, the angels celebrate. Isaiah 6:3, Holy, holy, holy. Sinners tremble, but saints rejoice, at the remembrance of God's holiness,Psalms 30:4.