Verse-by-Verse Bible Commentary
Esther 8:2

Clarke's Commentary

Verse Esther 8:2. The king took off his ring — In the ring was the seal of the king. Giving the ring to Mordecai was tantamount to giving him the seal of the kingdom, and constituting him the same as lord chancellor among us.

Bridgeway Bible Commentary

8:1-10:3 THE JEWS TRIUMPHANT

Victory and celebration (8:1-9:32)

Although Mordecai was appointed chief minister instead of Haman (8:1-2), the decree arranged by Haman was still in force. A king’s decree could not be changed. However, the king gave Esther and Mordecai his authority to issue a new decree that would counteract the former one (3-8).
Esther and Mordecai acted promptly. They gave the Jews permission to take whatever action they chose in order to defend themselves against any attack on the appointed day. Because the new decree showed that the king was now sympathetic to the Jews, provincial officials would hesitate to enforce the former decree (9-14). Many non-Jewish people were so impressed by what had happened, that they became open converts to the Jewish religion (15-17).
It seems that when the day for the destruction of the Jews arrived, very few of their enemies attacked them. Rather the Jews attacked their enemies, possibly doing more than the decree gave them permission to do. To their credit, however, they refused to exercise their right to plunder the enemies’ goods. The Persian officials now feared Mordecai’s power, and thought it wise to give the Jews whatever help they needed (9:1-10).
At Esther’s request, the Jews in the capital were given an extra day to take revenge on their enemies (11-15). This meant that although the slaughter in the provincial areas lasted only one day, in the capital it lasted two days (16-19).
Mordecai ordered that the great occasion be celebrated by feasting, exchanging gifts of food and giving to the poor (20-22). From that time on the Jews held an annual festival, known as the Feast of Purim, to celebrate their victory over Haman. The word ‘purim’ was the Hebrew plural of the Persian-Assyrian word pur, and meant ‘lots’; for by casting lots, Haman decided which day was suitable for his attack. It was a day that turned into one of triumph for the Jews (23-28; cf. 3:7,13). Esther and Mordecai then issued a formal decree to confirm Mordecai’s instructions concerning Purim as official law for all Jews (29-32).

Coffman's Commentaries on the Bible

CONSEQUENCES OF HAMAN'S EXECUTION

"On that day did the king Ahasuerus give the house of Haman unto Esther the queen. And Mordecai came before the king;for Esther had told what he was unto her. And the king took off his ring, which he had taken from Haman, and gave it to Mordecaiø And Esther set Mordecai over the house of Haman."

"The house of Haman" "Confiscation of goods and properties of the condemned accompanied executions in Persia, as in other Oriental countries."F. C. Cook, Barnes' Commentary Series, Esther, p. 500, The house of Haman included not merely the castle and its furnishings but also the host of servants, retainers, and attendants that went along with it.

The king gave this vast estate to Esther; and she might well have desired to give it to Mordecai; but what she did was even better. She placed him in absolute control over it, thus providing him with a residence and dignity that were appropriate to his new office as Prime Minister.

Summarizing the consequences in evidence here: (1) Haman's vast properties were conferred upon Esther; (2) Mordecai was given the management and control of them; (3) Ahasuerus bestowed the office of Prime Minister upon Mordecai when he gave him the ring that had been worn by Haman. (4) The ring gave Mordecai the power to seal documents and to convey with them the authority of law.

"It was perfectly natural for the king to confer this great authority upon Mordecai. The king had already delighted to honor him for exposing the plot against the king's life."Wycliffe Old Testament Commentary, p. 455. Also, he had learned that Mordecai was the foster father of the queen.

Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible

His ring - i. e. the royal signet by which the decrees of the government were signed.

Over the house of Haman - Not only the building and the furniture, but the household - the vast train of attendants of all kinds that was attached to the residence of a Persian noble.

Smith's Bible Commentary

Chapter 8

So on that day the king Ahasuerus did give the house of Haman the Jews' enemy unto Esther the queen. [He gave the house to her.] And Mordecai came before the king; for Esther had told what he was to her ( Esther 8:1 ).

So Esther said, "Mordecai is my cousin."

And the king took off his ring which he had taken from Haman, and he gave it to Mordecai. And Esther set Mordecai over the house of Haman. And Esther spake yet again before the king, and fell down at his feet, and besought him with tears to put away the mischief of Haman the Agagite, and the devices that he had devised against the Jews. And the king held out the golden sceptre toward Esther. So Esther arose, and stood before the king, and said, If it pleases the king, if I have found favor in your sight, and the thing seems right, and I be pleasing in your eyes, let it be written to reverse the letters devised by Haman the son of Hammedathah the Agagite, which he wrote to destroy the Jews which are in all the king's provinces: For how can I endure to see the evil that shall come to my people? how can I endure to see the destruction of my kindred? ( Esther 8:2-6 )

Now, there is an interesting law of the Medes and the Persians, and that is once the king has made a decree he can't change it. Once a decree has been made and sealed by the king, that decree stands. It was a law of the Medes and the Persians. You remember, Daniel got tripped up by this law of the Medes and the Persians when Darius was snookered by these guys who wanted to destroy Daniel, and they said, "Let the king make a decree that whoever prays to any other god or person for the period of thirty days will be put to death. So that the people might know how important and how wonderful you are." So the king made this proclamation, signed it, and so then Daniel went to his home, and as was his custom, the windows open towards Jerusalem, he prayed three times daily, and these guys were outside in the bushes. They ran back to the king and said, "Hey, we've got a guy who violated your proclamation." And so they brought Daniel in, and Darius and Daniel had a close relationship. And Darius sought all day some way to reverse it, but because the laws of the Medes and Persians cannot be reversed, they cannot be changed; they cannot be altered. Once it has been set you cannot reverse it.

Thus, Daniel had to be tossed into the lion's den, but Darius assured him, "Daniel, the God you serve is able to deliver you, you know." And so that same situation with the decree that Darius made, we'll get that when we get to the book of Daniel.

Now, he can't change the decree. However, he let Mordecai make another decree that on the thirteenth day of March the Jews would be able to defend themselves from against those that would seek to kill them. And so, they could also take vengeance on those who were seeking to destroy them. So he gave them the right to defend themselves and also the right to destroy any who would seek to destroy them. "

Dr. Constable's Expository Notes

1. The rewarding of Esther and Mordecai 8:1-2

Haman’s "house" (Esther 8:1) was his estate. Esther received the estate, probably to compensate her for her suffering. The king gave Mordecai Haman’s place as second in authority (cf. Joseph, Genesis 41:42; Nehemiah, Nehemiah 1:11 to Nehemiah 2:8; and Daniel, Daniel 5:7; Daniel 5:29; Daniel 6:3).

Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible

And the king took off his ring, which he had taken from Haman, and gave it unto Mordecai,.... which, with the Persians, was a token of the strongest affection and strictest friendship z; the Targum calls it his signatory ring, that with which he signed laws, edicts, letters, patents, c. and so hereby made him keeper of the seals:

and Esther set Mordecai over the house of Haman appointed him her steward of the estate of Haman, the king had given her.

z Alex. ab Alex. Genial. Dier. l. 1. c. 26. & l. 2. c. 19.

Henry's Complete Commentary on the Bible

      1 On that day did the king Ahasuerus give the house of Haman the Jews' enemy unto Esther the queen. And Mordecai came before the king; for Esther had told what he was unto her.   2 And the king took off his ring, which he had taken from Haman, and gave it unto Mordecai. And Esther set Mordecai over the house of Haman.

      It was but lately that we had Esther and Mordecai in tears and in fears, but fasting and praying; now let us see how to them there arose light in darkness. Here is, 1. Esther enriched. Haman was hanged as a traitor, therefore his estate was forfeited to the crown, and the king gave it all to Esther, in recompence for the fright that wicked man had put her into and the vexation he had created her, Esther 8:1; Esther 8:1. His houses and lands, good sand chattels, and all the money he had heaped up which he was prime-minister of state (which, we may suppose, was no little), are given to Esther; they are all her own, added to the allowance she already had. Thus is the wealth of the sinner laid up for the just, and the innocent divides the silver,Proverbs 13:22; Job 27:17; Job 27:18. What Haman would have done mischief with Esther will do good with; and estates are to be valued as they are used. 2. Mordecai advanced. His pompous procession, this morning, through the streets of the city, was but a sudden flash or blaze of honour; but here we have the more durable and gainful preferments to which he was raised, which yet the other happily made way for. (1.) He is now owned as the queen's cousin, which till now, though Esther had been four years queen, for aught that appears, the king did not know. So humble, so modest, a man was Mordecai, and so far from being ambitious of a place at court, that he concealed his relation to the queen and her obligations to him as her guardian, and never made us of her interest for any advantage of his own. Who but Mordecai could have taken so little notice of so great an honour? But now he was brought before the king, introduced, as we say, to kiss his hand; for now, at length, Esther had told what he was to her, not only near a-kin to her, but the best friend she had in the world, who took care of her when she was an orphan, and one whom she still respected as a father. Now the king finds himself, for his wife's sake, more obliged than he thought he had been to delight in doing honour to Mordecai. How great were the merits of that man to whom both king and queen did in effect owe their lives! Being brought before the king, to him no doubt he bowed, and did reverence, though he would not to Haman an Amalekite. (2.) The king makes his lord privy-seal in the room of Haman. All the trust he had reposed in Haman, and all the power he had given him, are here transferred to Mordecai; for the ring which he had taken from Haman he gave to Mordecai, and made this trusty humble man as much his favourite, his confidant, and his agent, as ever that proud perfidious wretch was; a happy change he made of his bosom-friends, and so, no doubt, he and his people soon found it. (3.) The queen makes him here steward, for the management of Haman's estate, and for getting and keeping possession of it: She set Mordecai over the house of Haman. See the vanity of laying up treasure upon earth; he that heapeth up riches knoweth not who shall gather them (Psalms 39:6), not only whether he shall be a wise man or a fool (Ecclesiastes 2:19), but whether he shall be a friend or an enemy. With what little pleasure, nay, with what constant vexation, would Haman have looked upon his estate if he could have foreseen that Mordecai, the man he hated above all men in the world, should have rule over all that wherein he had laboured, and thought that he showed himself wise! It is our interest, therefore, to make sure those riches which will not be left behind, but will go with us to another world.