Verse-by-Verse Bible Commentary
3 John 1:2

Clarke's Commentary

Verse 3 John 1:2. I wish above all things — περι παντων ευχομαι. Above all things I pray that thou mayest prosper, and be in health, και υγιαινειν. to which one MS. adds εν αληθεια, which gives it a different meaning, viz., that thou mayest be sound in the truth. The prayer of St. John for Caius includes three particulars: 1. Health of body; 2. Health of soul; and 3. Prosperity in secular affairs. That thou mayest PROSPER and be in HEALTH, as thy SOUL PROSPERETH. These three things, so necessary to the comfort of life, every Christian may in a certain measure expect, and for them every Christian is authorized to pray; and we should have more of all three if we devoutly prayed for them.

It appears from the last clause that the soul of Caius was in a very prosperous state.

Coffman's Commentaries on the Bible

Beloved, I pray that in all things thou mayest prosper and be in health, even as thy soul prospereth.

Beloved … "Three of the first eleven words with which the Epistle opens refer to love."John R. W. Stott, Tyndale New Testament Commentary, Vol. 19 (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1964), p. 218.

That thou mayest prosper … Here the apostle prayed for the prosperity of Gaius, and from this it is clearly not wrong for Christians to pray for prosperity; however, the qualifier should be carefully noted, "as thy soul prospereth!" The prosperity of the soul is paramount. Truly Christian people need prosperity that they may be able, as Gaius was, to dispense hospitality, aid good causes, and prevent themselves from becoming burdens upon the backs of other people. Beza translated the verse here as a prayer "for things temporal as well as for things spiritual."James Macknight, op. cit., p. 158. "Prosper literally means to have a good journey."John R. W. Stott, op. cit., p. 218.

And be in health … Good health is likewise a blessing which Christians are privileged to pray for; because, without good health, Christian service must necessarily be curtailed or abandoned, The apostles were, in no sense, health fadists, Paul even saying that "bodily exercise profiteth little (or for a little while)"; but, having due regard for the transitory nature of all earthly endowments, the child of God should nevertheless strive mightily for the maintenance and preservation of good health, the greatest of all physical blessings.

Barnes' Notes on the Whole Bible

Beloved, I wish above all things - Margin, “pray.” The word used here commonly means in the New Testament to pray; but it is also employed to express a strong and earnest desire for anything, Acts 27:29; Rom 9:3; 2 Corinthians 13:9. This is probably all that is implied here. The phrase rendered “above all things” - περὶ πάντων peri pantōn - would be more correctly rendered here “concerning, or in respect to all things;” and the idea is, that John wished earnestly that “in all respects” he might have the same kind of prosperity which his soul had. The common translation “above all things” would seem to mean that John valued health and outward prosperity more than he did anything else; that he wished that more than his usefulness or salvation. This cannot be the meaning, and is not demanded by the proper interpretation of the original. See this shown by Lucke, in loc. The sense is, “In every respect, I wish that it may go as well with you as it does with your soul; that in your worldly prosperity, your comfort, and your bodily health, you may be as prosperous as you are in your religion.” This is the reverse of the wish which we are commonly constrained to express for our friends; for such is usually the comparative want of prosperity and advancement in their spiritual interests, that it is an expression of benevolence to desire that they might prosper in that respect as much as they do in others.

That thou mayest prosper - εὐοδοῦσθαι euodousthai. This word occurs in the New Testament only in the following places: Romans 1:10, rendered “have a prosperous journey;” 1 Corinthians 16:2, rendered “hath prospered;” and in the passage before us. It means, properly, “to lead in a good way; to prosper one’s journey;” and then to make prosperous; to give success to; to be prospered. It would apply here to any plan or purpose entertained. It would include success in business, happiness in domestic relations, or prosperity in any of the engagements and transactions in which a Christian might lawfully engage. It shows that it is right to wish that our friends may have success in the works of their hands and their plans of life.

And be in health - To enjoy bodily health. It is not necessary to to suppose, in order to a correct interpretation of this, that Gaius was at that time suffering from bodily indisposition, though perhaps it is most natural to suppose that, as John makes the wish for his health so prominent. But it is common, in all circumstances, to wish for the health and prosperity of our friends; and it is as proper as it is common, if we do not give that a degree of prominence above the welfare of the soul.

Even as thy soul prospereth - John had learned, it would seem, from the “brethren” who had come to him, 3 John 1:3, that Gaius was living as became a Christian; that he was advancing in the knowledge of the truth, and was exemplary in the duties of the Christian life; and he prays that in all other respects he might be prospered as much as he was in that. It is not very common that a man is more prospered in his spiritual interests than he is in his other interests, or that we can, in our wishes for the welfare of our friends, make the prosperity of the soul, and the practice and enjoyment of religion, the standard of our wishes in regard to other things. It argues a high state of piety when we can, as the expression of our highest desire for the welfare of our friends, express the hope that they may be in all respects as much prospered as they are in their spiritual concerns.

Smith's Bible Commentary

-3 John

So the third epistle of John is now again, John addresses himself as

The elder [the presbyturos] unto the wellbeloved Gaius ( 3 John 1:1 ),

Probably not the Gaius mentioned in Paul's epistle to the Corinthians where he was in Corinth, and it would appear that these letters were written to those in the area of Ephesus.

whom I love in the truth. Beloved ( 3 John 1:1-2 ),

And he's talking to Gaius.

I wish above all things that you may prosper and be in health, even as thy soul prospereth ( 3 John 1:2 ).

Now there are many people who quote this scripture as a sort of promise for healing. And they twist the scriptures slightly making it really sort of God's declaration, God saying I wish above all things that you may prosper and be in good health, even as your soul prospers. But this is a personal letter from John to Gaius. And he is greeting Gaius who is well-loved with this beautiful wish that you may prosper and be in good health. As we so often in our letters writing to someone we haven't seen for a long time, I hope that this letter finds you in good health. So to use this as a promise for healing is really not scriptural, as God's promise for healing. It is the wish of John for Gaius. Beautiful wish indeed. "I wish that you might prosper and be in good health, even as your soul prospers."

But it is interesting that there is a relationship made between the prosperity of the soul and the physical well being. And we are discovering more and more as we study the human body that there is a very definite direct relationship between a person's physical health and their mental well-being. We are learning how that attitude can change the body chemistry and that bad attitudes can create harmful chemicals that will attack your body physically. And there's a definite relationship between mental attitude and organic illnesses in many cases. The psychologist say ninety percent, I think, that they're overstressing their side. But there is a definite relationship between many illnesses and the mental attitude of the person. So there's a correlation made between the physical well-being with the mental, the prosperity of the soul, the mind.

There is a proverb that says, "A merry heart doeth good like a medicine" ( Proverbs 17:22 ). You know that they have discovered that that is scientifically correct. That laughter aids tremendously in the digestion of food. You ought to have a joke book at your dinner table. Bitterness can eat at your physical being, can create ulcers, chemicals that are harmful, destructive. So it is interesting that John would make the correlation between the physical and the emotional or mental. "I wish above all things that you may prosper and be in good health, even as your soul prospers."

For I rejoiced greatly, when the brethren came and testified of the truth that is in thee, even as you walk in truth. And I have no greater joy than to hear that my children walk in truth ( 3 John 1:3-4 ).

I can concur with what John is saying here. The greatest joy, I think, of a teacher is to hear that their children are walking in truth. You know, to come across someone that you ministered to fifteen, twenty years ago and find them walking in the truth is just a thrill, no greater joy.

In the same way, there's probably no greater sorrow than to hear that your children have turned from the truth, got caught up in some weird doctrine, some heresy. That's painful, that hurts. But "no greater joy than to hear that they are walking in the truth."

Beloved, you do faithfully whatever you do to the brethren, to the strangers; Which have borne witness of your love before the church: whom if you bring forward on their journey after a godly sort, you will do well ( 3 John 1:5-6 ):

Now he's talking about Gaius's treatment of these itinerary evangelists and prophets. You've been hospitable to them. You've helped them along their way. And in this you did well. It was, and they've come, and they've told of your love. They've told of your hospitality.

Because that for his name's sake they went forth, taking nothing from the heathens ( 3 John 1:7 ).

So these itinerant prophets have gone forth in the name of the Lord and for his name's sake, but they wouldn't take anything from the Gentiles, which is in the New Testament Greek the heathen or the pagans, because in Christ, you know, they were all brothers. "There is no Jew nor Greek, Barbarian, Scythian" ( Colossians 3:11 ). So the Gentiles referred to those outside of Christ.

I question some of the fund raising techniques of the churches today that go to the major corporations or they go to the businesses or they go to the world to find financing for the ministry and for the work of the church. The early prophets that went forth did not practice that. In fact, as I told you, if they asked for money they were considered to be a false prophet. That's the apostle wrote their Dedike and they said if they ask for money they're false prophets. So he is encouraging Gaius in his hospitality, the love that he had shown was good.

It had been reported and he said,

We ought to receive such, that we might be fellowhelpers of the truth. Now I wrote unto the church: but Diotrephes, who loves to have the preeminence among them, did not receive us ( 3 John 1:8-9 ).

Diotrephes, an interesting character. We look how his sin has been exposed throughout the years. A man who loved the preeminence in the church. He didn't want to give, you know, any place to anybody else. He wanted the preeminence. So when these prophets would come in, he wouldn't receive them. In fact, he even refused John the beloved, apostle of the Lord. There are Diotrephes still in the church today, those who are looking for a position for themselves, those that are looking for a place of power and authority, who want preeminence.

So John said,

Wherefore, if I come, I will remember his deeds which he doeth, prating against us with malicious words: and not content therewith, neither doth he himself receive the brethren, and he forbids them that would, and casts them out of the church ( 3 John 1:10 ).

I mean, this guy was a real tyrant. He wouldn't receive these itinerant ministers and if someone in the church would receive them, he'd throw them out of the church.

John's exhortation is

Beloved, follow not that which is evil, but that which is good. And he that doeth good is of God: but he that doeth evil hath not seen God ( 3 John 1:11 ).

Again here, John puts the emphasis upon what a person is doing. "Be ye doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving yourself" ( James 1:22 ). "Not he who has the law is justified by the law, but he who does the law is justified by the law" ( Galatians 3:11-12 ).

Having the knowledge of Jesus Christ doesn't save you. It's following Him as your Lord that brings salvation. It isn't mouthing the Apostle's Creed that will save you. It's what are you doing. You're doing good, then you're of God, but if you're doing evil, you really don't know God.

Demetrius has a good report of all men ( 3 John 1:12 ),

And probably this letter was given to Demetrius who was headed that way as a letter of reference from John and he told him to give it to Gaius, and so he is encouraging now, when Demetrius gets there to receive him. "Demetrius has good report of all men,"

and of the truth itself: yes, and we also bear record; and you know that our record is true. Now I had many things to write, but I will not with ink and pen write unto thee: But I trust I shall shortly see thee, and we shall speak face to face ( 3 John 1:12-14 ).

So as he closed the second epistle, so he closes the third with the anticipation of seeing him, not having to write to him the things that are on his heart.

Peace be to thee. Our friends greet you. Greet the friends [my friends] by name ( 3 John 1:14 ). "

Contending for the Faith

Prayer For Prosperity

Beloved, I wish above all things that thou mayest prosper and be in health, even as thy soul prospereth.

Beloved: It is well to take note of this word of endearment used by John four times in this letter. Some serious warnings, as well as sincere commendations and admonitions, are to be verbalized. John wants his dear reader to know that these commendations, admonitions, and warnings proceed from a heart that is filled with love for him.

I wish above all things: "Wish" is euchomai and refers to "a wish, prayer" (Moulton 177). Vine says that even when it is translated "wish," "the indication is that prayer is involved" (199). Some translations have "pray" instead of wish. John seems to be telling his dear friend that he is praying for him. "Above all things" is better rendered "concerning all things" (Vincent 399). "All things" includes the financial, physical, and spiritual well-being of John’s beloved brother.

that thou mayest prosper: The word "prosper" is used in Paul’s instructions to the church at Corinth concerning the matter of giving (1 Corinthians 16:2). Paul says that a Christian is to give in proportion to his income or "as God hath prospered him." Is it scriptural to pray that one be financially prospered? John seems to indicate, "yes." Here is a brother who is noted for using his financial means for the good of the cause of Christ. He keeps preachers and sends them on their way with sufficient substance for their journey. It is only fitting that John pray that the wealth of such a generous Christian be increased, not only for his good, but for the good of the church in general. "Prosper" is euodoo and literally means "to help on one’s way" (Vine 225). It is a word that speaks of success in one’s life. Is it not right to pray for success if that success is to be used to reflect and enhance the glory of God?

and be in health: The second part of John’s prayer is concerning the health of his dear friend in the Lord. Physical health is a great asset in Christian service. Many are willing to serve, but infirmity forbids. John prays that this brother be blessed with physical health that will enable him to continue his faithful care of the messengers of God who come his way. Some have suggested that Gaius was having financial and physical problems that evoked this prayer from John. There is no basis for such reasoning. John stands in awe of this brother’s generosity and vigor in promoting the cause of Christ and simply prays that his ability to continue will be supplied by the Lord.

even as thy soul prospereth: This is a strange statement indeed when it is read in the context of the twentieth century. Today we would say, "I pray that your soul will prosper like your body and pocketbook prosper!" John recognizes the superior spirituality of Gaius and puts his material and physical needs in proper relation to his spiritual well being. "Soul" is psuche, which Vincent says,

is the principle of individuality, the seat of personal impressions. It has a side in contact with both the material and spiritual element of humanity, and is thus the mediating organ between body and spirit. Its meaning, therefore, constantly rises above life or the living individual, and takes color from its relation to either the emotional or the spiritual side of life, from the fact of its being the seat of the feelings, desires, affections, aversions, and the bearer and manifester of the divine life-principle (pneuma). Consequently psuche (soul) is often used in our sense of heart (Luke 1:46; Luke 2:35; John 10:24; Acts 14:2); and the meanings of psuche (soul), and pneuma (spirit), occasionally approach each other very closely (400).

Because of the close relationship that exists between the soul and spirit of man, Bible students often have equated one with the other. The scriptures, however, make a distinction between the two (Hebrews 4:12). The soul is the human personality, which, because of its alliance with the spirit of man, can be saved eternally. In this verse, John is affirming that the inner heart-life of John is in a healthy state. His prayer is that Gaius’ material and physical state might be as good as his spiritual state. Wuest renders the verse, "Beloved, in all things I am praying that you will be prospering, and that you will be continually having good health just as your soul is prospering" (218).

Dr. Constable's Expository Notes

Gaius was in good spiritual condition; he was walking in the light (cf. 1 John 1:7). John prayed that all would go well with him (NIV) and that he might enjoy as good physical health as he did spiritual health.

"He must surely have learned this from Jesus whose concern for people’s physical troubles is attested in all four Gospels." [Note: Zane C. Hodges, "3 John," in The Bible Knowledge Commentary: New Testament, p. 912.]

The physical and general welfare of others should be of concern to us as well as their spiritual vitality. Usually Christians give more attention to the former than the latter, however, as our prayers often reveal.

Some see in this verse support of the view that God wants all believers to prosper physically and financially as well as spiritually. However, there is nothing else in the Johannine corpus to indicate that this is what John meant, and there is little support elsewhere in Scripture. [Note: See Yarbrough, p. 367.]

Dr. Constable's Expository Notes

A. Commendation of Gaius’ Love VV. 2-4

Dr. Constable's Expository Notes

II. UPHOLDING THE TRUTH WITH LOVE VV. 2-12

The word "Beloved" introduces each of the three sections of the body of this brief epistle.

Barclay's Daily Study Bible

Chapter 1

THE TEACHER'S JOY ( 3 John 1:1-4 )

1:1-4 The Elder to Gaius, the beloved, whom I love in truth.

No New Testament letter better shows that the Christian letters were exactly on the model which all letter-writers used in the time of the early church. There is a papyrus letter from Irenaeus, a ship's captain, to his brother Apolinarius:

Irenaeus to Apolinarius his brother, my greetings. Continually I

pray that you may be in health, even as I myself am in health. I

wish you to know that I arrived at land on the 6th of the month

Epeiph, and I finished unloading my ship on the 18th of the same

month, and went up to Rome on the 25th of the same month, and the

place welcomed us, as God willed. Daily we are waiting for our

discharge, so that up till today no one of us in the corn service

has been allowed to go. I greet your wife much, and Serenus, and

all who love you, by name. Good bye.

The form of Irenaeus' letter is exactly that of John's. There is first the greeting, next the prayer for good health, after that the main body of the letter with its news, and then the final greetings. The early Christian letters were not something remote and ecclesiastical; they were the kind of letters which people wrote to each other every day.

John writes to a friend called Gaius. In the world of the New Testament Gaius was the commonest of all names. In the New Testament there are three men with that name. There is Gaius, the Macedonian who, along with Aristarchus, was with Paul at the riot in Ephesus ( Acts 19:29). There is Gaius of Derbe, who was the delegate of his church to convey the collection for the poor to Jerusalem ( Acts 20:4). There is the Gaius of Corinth who had been Paul's host, and who was such a hospitable soul that he could be called the host of the whole church ( Romans 16:23), and who was one of the very few people whom Paul had personally baptized ( 1 Corinthians 1:14), and who, according to tradition, became the first Bishop of Thessalonica. Gaius was the commonest of all names; and there is no reason to identify our Gaius with any of these three. According to tradition he was made the Bishop of Pergamum by John himself. Here he stands before us as a man with an open house and an open heart.

Twice in the first two verses of this little letter John uses the word beloved. (The well-beloved and beloved of the King James Version's first two verses translate the same Greek word, agapetos, G27.) In this group of letters John uses agapetos ( G27) no fewer than ten times. This is a very notable fact. These letters are letters of warning and rebuke; and yet their accent is the accent of love. It was the advice of a great scholar and preacher: "Never scold your congregation." Even if he has to rebuke, John never speaks with irritation. The whole atmosphere of his writing is that of love.

3 John 1:2 shows us the comprehensive care of the good and devoted pastor. John is interested both in the physical and the spiritual health of Gaius. John was like Jesus; he never forgot that men have bodies as well as souls and that they matter, too.

In 3 John 1:4 John tells us of the teacher's greatest joy. It is to see his pupils walking in the truth. The truth is not simply something to be intellectually assimilated; it is the knowledge which fills a man's mind and the charity which clothes his life. The truth is what makes a man think and act like God.

CHRISTIAN HOSPITALITY ( 3 John 1:5-8 )

1:5-8 Beloved, whatever service you render to the brothers, strangers as they are, is an act of true faith and they testify to your love before the church. It will be a further kindness, if you send them on their way worthily of God. For they have gone out for the sake of the Name and they take no assistance from pagans. It is a duty to support such men, that we may show ourselves fellow-workers with the truth.

Here we come to John's main object in writing. A group of travelling missionaries is on its way to the church of which Gaius is a member, and John urges him to receive them, to give them every support and to send them on their way in a truly Christian manner.

In the ancient world hospitality was a sacred duty. Strangers were under the protection of Zeus Xenios, Zeus the god of strangers (Xenos, G3581, is the Greek for a stranger). In the ancient world inns were notoriously unsatisfactory. The Greek had an instinctive dislike of taking money for the giving of hospitality; and, therefore, the profession of innkeeper ranked very low. Inns were notoriously dirty and flea-infested. Innkeepers were notoriously rapacious so that Plato compared them to pirates who hold their guests to ransom before they allow them to escape. The ancient world had a system of guest-friendships whereby families in different parts of the country undertook to give each other's members hospitality when the occasion arose. This connection between families lasted throughout the generations and when it was claimed, the claimant brought with him a sumbolon, or token, which identified him to his hosts. Some cities kept an official called the Proxenos in the larger cities to whom their citizens, when travelling, might appeal for shelter and for help.

If the heathen world accepted the obligation of hospitality, it was only to be expected that the Christians would take it even more seriously. It is Peter's injunction: "Practice hospitality ungrudgingly to one another" ( 1 Peter 4:9). "Do not neglect to show hospitality to strangers" says the writer to the Hebrews, and adds: "for thereby some have entertained angels unawares" ( Hebrews 13:2). In the Pastoral Epistles a widow is to be honoured if she has "shown hospitality" ( 1 Timothy 5:9). Paul bids the Romans to "practice hospitality" ( Romans 12:13).

Hospitality was to be specially the characteristic of the leaders of the church. A bishop must be a man given to hospitality ( 1 Timothy 3:2). Titus is told to be "hospitable" ( Titus 1:8). When we come down to the time of Justin Martyr, (A.D. 170) we find that on the Lord's Day the well-to-do contributed as they would and it was the duty of the president of the congregation "to succour the orphans and the widows, and those who through sickness or any other cause are in want, and those who are in bonds, and the strangers sojourning amongst us" (Justin Martyr: First Apology 1: 67).

In the early church the Christian home was the place of the open door and the loving welcome. There can be few nobler works than to give a stranger the right of entry to a Christian home. The Christian family circle should always be wide enough to have a place for the stranger, no matter where he comes from or what his colour.

THE CHRISTIAN ADVENTURERS ( 3 John 1:5-8 continued)

Further, this passage tells us about the wandering missionaries who gave up home and comfort to carry afield the word of God. In 3 John 1:7 Paul says that they have gone forth for the sake of the Name and take no assistance from pagans. (It is just possible that 3 John 1:7 might refer to those who had come out from the Gentiles taking nothing with them, those who for the sake of Christianity had left their work and their home and their friends and had no means of support.) In the ancient world the "begging friar," with his wallet, was well known. There is, for instance, a record of a man calling himself "the slave of the Syrian goddess," who went out begging and claimed that he never came back with fewer than seventy bags of money for his goddess. But these Christian wandering preachers would take nothing from the Gentiles, even if they would have given it.

John commends these adventurers of the faith to the hospitality and the generosity of Gaius. He says that it is a duty to help them so that we may show ourselves fellow-workers in the truth ( 3 John 1:8). Moffatt translates this very vividly: "We are bound to support such men to prove ourselves allies of the truth."

There is a great Christian thought here. A man's circumstances may be such that he cannot become a missionary or a preacher. Life may have put him in a position where he must get on with a secular job, staying in the one place and carrying out the routine duties of life and living. But where he cannot go, his money and his prayers and his practical support can go. Not everyone can be, so to speak, in the front line; but by supporting those who are there, he can make himself an ally of the truth. When we remember that, all giving to the wider work of Christ and his church must become not an obligation but a privilege, not a duty but a delight. The church needs those who will go out with the truth, but it also needs those who will be allies of the truth at home.

LOVE'S APPEAL ( 3 John 1:9-14 )

1:9-15 I have already written something to the church, but Diotrephes, who is ambitious for the leadership, does not accept our authority. So, then, when I come, I will bring up the matter of his actions, for he talks nonsensically about us with wicked words; he refuses to receive the brothers and attempts to stop those who wish to do so and tries to eject them from the church.

Here we come to the reason why this letter was written and are introduced to two of the main characters in the story.

There is Diotrephes. In the introduction we have already seen the situation in which John and Diotrephes and Demetrius are all involved. In the early church there was a double ministry. There were the apostles and the prophets whose sphere was not confined to any one congregation and whose authority extended all over the church. There were also the elders; they were the permanent settled ministry of the local congregations and their very backbone.

In the early days this presented no problem, for the local congregations were still very much infants who had not yet learned to walk by themselves and to handle their own affairs. But as time went on there came a tension between the two kinds of ministry. As the local churches became stronger and more conscious of their identity, they inevitably became less and less willing to submit to remote control or to the invasion of itinerant strangers.

The problem is still to some extent with us. There is the itinerant evangelist who may well have a theology and work with methods and in an atmosphere very different from that of the settled local congregation. In the younger churches there is the question of how long the missionaries should remain in control and of when the time has come for them to withdraw and allow the indigenous churches to rule their own affairs.

In this letter Diotrephes is the representative of the local congregation. He will not accept the authority of John, the apostolic man and he will not receive the itinerant missionaries. He is so determined to see that the local congregation manages its own affairs that he will even eject those who are still prepared to accept the authority of John and to receive the wandering preachers. What exactly Diotrephes is we cannot tell. He certainly is not a bishop in anything like the modern sense of the word. He may be a very strong-minded elder. Or he may even be an aggressive member of the congregation who by the force of his personality is sweeping all before him. Certainly he emerges as a strong and dominant character.

Demetrius is most likely the leader of the wandering preachers and probably the actual bearer of this letter. John goes out of his way to give him a testimonial as to character and ability, and it may well be that there are certain circumstances attaching to him which give Diotrephes a handle for his opposition.

Demetrius is by no means an uncommon name. Attempts have been made to identify him with two New Testament characters. He has been identified with Demetrius, the silversmith of Ephesus and the leader of the opposition to Paul ( Acts 19:21 ff.). It may be that he afterwards became a Christian and that his early opposition was still a black mark against him. He has been identified with Demas (a shortened form of Demetrius), who had once been one of Paul's fellow-labourers but who had forsaken him because he loved this present world ( Colossians 4:14; Philemon 1:24; 2 Timothy 4:10). It may be that Demas came back to the faith and that his desertion of Paul was always held against him.

Into this situation comes John, whose authority is being flouted; and Gaius, a kindly soul but probably not so strong a character as the aggressive Diotrephes, whom John is seeking to align with himself, for Gaius, left on his own, might well succumb to Diotrephes.

There is our situation. We may have a good deal of sympathy with Diotrephes; we may well think that he was taking a stand which sooner or later had to be taken. But for all his strength of character he had one fault--he was lacking in charity. As C. H. Dodd has put it: "There is no real religious experience which does not express itself in charity." That is why, for all his powers of leadership and for all his dominance of character, Diotrephes was not a real Christian, as John saw it. The true Christian leader must always remember that strength and gentleness must go together and that leading and loving must go hand in hand. Diotrephes was like so many leaders in the church. He may well have been right, but he took the wrong way to achieve his end, for no amount of strength of mind can take the place of love of heart.

What the issue of all this was we do not know. But John comes to the end in love. Soon he will come and talk, when his presence will do what no letter can ever do; and for the present he sends his greetings and his blessing. And we may well believe that the "Peace be to you" of the aged Elder indeed brought calm to the troubled church to which he wrote.

-Barclay's Daily Study Bible (NT)

FURTHER READING

John

J. N. S. Alexander, The Epistles of John (Tch; E)

A. E. Brooke, The Johannine Epistles (ICC; G)

C. H. Dodd, The Johannine Epistles (MC; E)

Abbreviations

ICC: International Critical Commentary

MC: Moffatt Commentary

Tch: Torch Commentary

E: English Text

G: Greek Text

-Barclay's Daily Study Bible (NT)

Gann's Commentary on the Bible

3 John 1:2

Prosper -- in worldly matters. EGT "A good knight is best known in battle, and a Christian in the time of trouble and adversity." Gaius had stood the test. Had his battle with Diotrephes affected his health?

Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible

Beloved, I wish above all things that thou mayest prosper,.... Or succeed in all temporal affairs, in the business of life, in which he was; and as success of this sort depends upon the blessing of God, which maketh rich, it is to be wished and prayed for from him:

and be in health; that is, of body, which above all things above all outward mercies, is the most desirable; for without this, what are the richest dainties, the largest possessions, or the best of friends? without this there can be no comfortable enjoyment of either of them; and therefore of this sort of mercies, it is in the first place, and above all others, to be wished for, and desired by one friend for another. The rule and measure of this wish is according to the prosperity of his soul,

even as thy soul prospereth: the soul is diseased with sin, and may be said to be in good health, when all its iniquities are forgiven; and may be said to prosper, when having a spiritual appetite for the Gospel, the sincere milk of the word, it feeds upon it, is nourished by it, and grows thereby; when it is in the lively exercise of faith, hope, and love; when spiritual knowledge is increased, or it grows in grace, and in the knowledge of Christ Jesus; when the inward man is renewed day by day with fresh strength; and when it enjoys communion with God, has the light of his countenance, and the joys of his salvation; and when it is fruitful in every good work.

Mitchell's Commentary on Selected New Testament Books

WALKING IN THE TRUTH

3 John 1:1. The elder to the beloved Gaius, whom I love in truth.

3 John 1:2. Beloved, I pray that in all respects you may prosper and be in good health, just as your soul prospers.

3 John 1:3. For I was very glad when brethren came and bore witness to your truth, that is, how you are walking in truth.

3 John 1:4. I have no greater joy than this, to hear of my children walk­ing in truth.

1. His Desire for Gaius (vv. 1 and 2)

You will notice that John has a warm heart, filled with the Spirit of God, in his great desire for God’s people to know something of fellowshiping together in the truth.

People from all over the world have so many dif­ferent philosophies that some may wonder who is telling the truth. How wonderful to know that Je­sus Christ is the embodiment not only of love but also of truth!

John, being in love with the Saviour, is in love with God’s people.

I take it from this verse that Gaius was reveling in the truth of God but that he had a frail body. John wishes that he might prosper and be in health in body just as his soul prospers.

I am afraid that today it is often just the other way around. We are very much exercised about how our bodies prosper; we become health fad­dists, food faddists, sun worshipers, concerned that our bodies be beautiful and healthy.

How much are we concerned about our health in our relation to Christ? We become very concerned when we do not feel too well. Are we as much con­cerned when our hearts grow cold towards Christ?

Do you realize that the great majority of pro­fessing Christians never grow, never mature? They may be professing Christians for years and yet know little about the Saviour in practical life. They know so little about the reality of life in Christ, about the purpose of God and His will and His desire. They do not know God’s program. Where can God’s program be found? In the Bible.

Oh, how I like what John says here: “Gaius, I’d like for you to prosper in your body just as you are prospering in your soul.”

2. The character of Gaius (verse 3)

The life of Gaius was characterized by walking in the truth. John rejoices in this, and other brethren bore testimony to the fact that Gaius walked in the truth. Not only did he believe the truth, but he lived the truth; and the truth lived in him. He was in love with the Saviour, and his whole life was a manifestation of the fact that he was living in fel­lowship with the Lord. Walking in the truth is one of the great evidences of a heart in fellowship with God.

This man walked in the truth, and he had a real testimony for God. The brethren testified to that. You see, loving the truth makes one spiritu­ally healthy, and service will be the natural out­flow of a walk with God.

When we try to put it the other way around, putting service before our walk with God, we soon get tired of service and our work becomes legalis­tic. It no longer brings joy to the heart, but it be­comes a burden.

Unfortunately, there are a great many people who endure religion instead of enjoying Christ. I hope you may know something of the joy and blessing and wonder of knowing the Saviour. May you be strong in spirit as this man Gaius was.

3. John’s Rejoicing (verse 4)

It is a real joy for a pastor or a Bible teacher or a Sunday School teacher, or a friend, or a parent, to lead someone to Christ and to see him hungry for the Word of God. It is a thrill to go to a Bible con­ference and see hundreds of people who are using their vacation time to attend Bible studies, morn­ing, afternoon, and evening.

The world knows—nothing—about this won­derful hunger for the Word of God.

It rejoices my heart, too, to see people walking in the truth. I love to see young people carry their Bi­bles and read them whenever they have a chance. How I rejoice whenever I see real love for the Sav­iour!

Light of Israel Bible Commentary

The elder, To my dear friend Gaius, whom I love in the truth. 3 John 1:1.

The letter begins with the writer simply referring to himself as the elder (Gk. presbuteros). This interesting manner of not naming himself is also seen with his other epistles. The NET Bible in its notes explains this saying, "The author's self-designation, the elder, is in keeping with the reticence of the author of the Gospel of John to identify himself."<footnote>The Net Bible (New English Translation), Biblical Studies Press, 1996-2005.</footnote>

The letter is addressed to Gaius, who is called a "dear friend" or one "beloved" (Gk. agapeto). Gaius must have been truly beloved, for he is called this by John four times in this small letter. By the repeated use of this term, some think Gaius was a convert of John.

We do not know much about this particular Gaius. We do know that the name was one of the most common ones in the Roman Empire at the time.<footnote>Stott, The Letters of John, Tyndale New Testament Commentaries, Vol. 19, p. 216.</footnote> To further complicate a positive identification here, we should note that there were at least three people mentioned in the New Testament with this same name (cf. Acts 19:29; 20:4; Romans 16:23). Since it was such a common name, it is rather fruitless for us to try to identify it with any of the others mentioned. Certain of the church fathers claimed that this Gaius was later ordained as a Bishop of either Thessalonica or Pergamum, but these conflicting traditions are late and are not trustworthy.<footnote>Ibid., p. 215. Culpepper adds, "The Apostolic constitutions (ca. AD 370) records the tradition that John ordained Gaius as bishop of Pergamum (7:46; ANF 7:478), but the tradition is late and dubious (Culpepper, p. 195)."</footnote>

We also do not know the name of the church where Gaius was a member. It is entirely possible that he was the pastor of this church.<footnote>Ibid.</footnote> Obviously, Gaius was in some influential position. The commentators, Barker and Kohlenberger, state, "Although the letter is highly personal, it is also clearly official; the elder expresses thoughts that are meant to be shared with other members of the community…"<footnote>Kenneth L. Barker & John R. Kohlenberger III, Zondervan NIV Bible Commentary, Vol. 2: New Testament (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1994), p. 1114.</footnote>

"Dear friend, I pray that you may enjoy good health and that all may go well with you, even as your soul is getting along well" (1:2). As we have mentioned in the introduction, the wish or prayer for health was simply a part of the greeting in ancient letters. In the Greek, the first word used here is "to prosper," (euodoo). The Greek scholar Kenneth Wuest informs us that it is made up of two words, "ue" which means "good" and "hodos" which means "road." Taken together it has the meaning of having a good road or a good journey.<footnote>Kenneth S. Wuest, In These Last Days, II Peter, I, II, III John, and Jude in the Greek New Testament (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1954), p. 218. Bruce adds here, "So regular was this sort of thing in Latin letters that it was customarily expressed by the use of initials, SVBEEV…('if you are well, that is good; I am well'). (Bruce, p. 147).</footnote>

The second Greek expression used here is "to be good health" (hygiainein). Unfortunately, some in the recent Prosperity Movement have latched onto this verse and these two expressions as a sure cure for poverty, want and poor health. However, the writer is not really making promises about such things. John is wishing prosperity and health just as the soul (Gk. psuche) of Gaius was enjoying these things. The web commentator David Guzik quips, "Many Christians would be desperately ill if their physical health was instantly in the same state as their spiritual health…"<footnote>David Guzik, David Guzik Commentaries on the Bible, Commentary on 3 John, 1997-2003, vs. 2-4. https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/3-john-1/.</footnote>

The prolific author and preacher, James Burton Coffman, feels that there is nothing wrong about praying that our Christian friends have prosperity. However, he feels that the paramount thing is the prosperity of their souls.<footnote>James Burton Coffman, Coffman Commentaries on the Old and New Testament, Commentary on 3 John (Abilene, TX: Abilene Christian University Press, 1983-1999), v. 1:2. http://www.studylight.org/commentaries/eng/bcc/3-john-1.html.</footnote> We should be aware of the fact that following the one who is called the Suffering Servant, will certainly expose us to suffering in many ways. There were times when the Apostle Paul abounded, but at other times he was actually suffering and in want (cf. Phil. 4:11-13; 2 Corinthians 11:24-27).

Henry's Complete Commentary on the Bible

      1 The elder unto the wellbeloved Gaius, whom I love in the truth.   2 Beloved, I wish above all things that thou mayest prosper and be in health, even as thy soul prospereth.

      Here we see, I. The sacred penman who writes and sends the letter; not here indeed notified by his name, but a more general character: The elder, he that is so by years and by office; honour and deference are due to both. Some have questioned whether this were John the apostle or no; but his style and spirit seem to shine in the epistle. Those that are beloved of Christ will love the brethren for his sake. Gaius could not question from whom the letter came. The apostle might have assumed many more illustrious characters, but it becomes not Christ's ministers to affect swelling pompous titles. He almost levels himself with the more ordinary pastors of the church, while he styles himself the elder. Or, possibly, most of the extraordinary ministers, the apostles, were now dead, and this holy survivor would countenance the continued standing ministry, by assuming the more common title--the elder. The elders I exhort, who am also an elder,1 Peter 5:1.

      II. The person saluted and honoured by the letter. The former is directed to an elect lady, this to a choice gentleman; such are worthy of esteem and value. He is notified, 1. By his name,--Gaius. We read of several of that name, particularly of one whom the apostle Paul baptized at Corinth, who possibly might be also the apostle's host and kind entertainer there (Romans 16:23); if this be not he, it is his brother in name, estate, and disposition. Then, 2. By the kind expressions of the apostle to him: The well-beloved, and whom I love in the truth. Love expressed is wont to kindle love. Here seems to be either the sincerity of the apostle's love or the religion of it. The sincerity of it: Whom I love in the truth, for the truth's sake, as abiding and walking in the truth as it is in Jesus. To love our friends for the truth's sake is true love, religious gospel love.

      III. The salutation or greeting, containing a prayer, introduced by an affectionate compellation--Beloved, thou beloved one in Christ. The minister who would gain love must show it himself. Here is, 1. The apostle's good opinion of his friend, that his soul prospered. There is such a thing as soul-prosperity--the greatest blessing on this side heaven. This supposes regeneration, and an inward fund of spiritual life; this stock is increasing, and, while spiritual treasures are advancing, the soul is in a fair way to the kingdom of glory. 2. His good wish for his friend that his body may prosper and be in health as well as his soul. Grace and health are two rich companions; grace will improve health, health will employ grace. It frequently falls out that a rich soul is lodged in a crazy body; grace must be exercised in submission to such a dispensation; but we may well wish and pray that those who have prosperous souls may have healthful bodies too; their grace will shine in a larger sphere of activity.