Bible Commentaries
Deuteronomy 9

Verses 1-3

The LORD Crosses over Before His People

The word “listen” (or “hear”) that begins this chapter is characteristic of Deuteronomy (Deuteronomy 4:1; Deuteronomy 5:1Deuteronomy 6:3). It is to call attention to the words of God, to what He has to say.

To describe the power of the enemy, Moses uses the same words as the unbelieving spies (Deuteronomy 1:28), for that power is reality. We should not belittle the power of the enemy, but rely on a much greater power: the power of God.

Verses 4-6

Not Because of Their Righteousness

In Deuteronomy 8 the warning is that they should not think that they will have conquered the land by their own power (Deuteronomy 8:17). Here is a warning for the thought that they got the land because they are better than the people in the land. Thus, as Christians, we should not think that God has given us spiritual blessings because we are better people than the people around us. As if we are more faithful and by our own merit have received those blessings.

Proofs of undeserved grace can be abused by the flesh by interpreting them as proof of its own justice and excellence. God shows that it is not a question of their righteousness, where the flesh is going to boast, but that they have entered the land because of the iniquity of the peoples. Israel is the rod in God’s hand to judge those peoples. Later Nebuchadnezzar will be the rod in God’s hand to remove Israel from the land (2 Chronicles 36:20-Ecclesiastes :).

Another aspect is the promise made to the fathers. That is what we see in the counsel of God. He has intended it and promised it to his fathers. The time of fulfilment of that promise has come.

God emphasizes the fact that there is no righteousness from us that underlies the blessing He has given us (cf. Ezekiel 36:32). That we may now possess blessings is only because Christ defeated our enemies on the cross: “When you were dead in your transgressions and the uncircumcision of your flesh, He made you alive together with Him, having forgiven us all our transgressions, having canceled out the certificate of debt consisting of decrees against us, which was hostile to us; and He has taken it out of the way, having nailed it to the cross. When He had disarmed the rulers and authorities, He made a public display of them, having triumphed over them through Him” (Colossians 2:13-Ezra :).

Verses 7-8

Israel Provoked the LORD to Wrath

The history of the golden calf should remind them that they were not chosen because of their righteousness. They must remember how the LORD was for them during the journey (Deuteronomy 8:2). He didn't make it difficult for them, but He was busy with them to finally do them good. In Deuteronomy 8 the failure of the people is not remembered. At the same time, as is said here, they must remember that they provoked the LORD to wrath (Deuteronomy 9:9). They have shown, in different forms all the time, what is in them, even after forty years of wilderness experiences.

Verses 9-11

Receiving the Law by Moses

Moses reminds the people how he was on the mountain with the LORD and received from His hand the law of the covenant.

Verses 12-14

The LORD Wanted to Destroy Israel

While Moses is on the mountain with the LORD, the LORD sees how the people have made a golden calf (Exodus 32:1-Deuteronomy :). He talks about how they were “quick” to deviate. That is man.

He says to Moses that they are a stubborn people and asks Moses permission, as it were, to destroy them. His proposal then is to make Moses a great people. Here we see how the people deserved the judgment. This should make them all the more grateful that they are now about to enter the land that God has given them as a gift. They deserve to be destroyed rather than blessed with a gift.

Verses 15-17

The Two Tablets Smashed

When Moses saw the sin of the people, he smashed the two tablets of the law in pieces before their eyes. The people have seen it happen. The smashing of the tablets into pieces expresses the fact that the people have smashed their relationship with the LORD. Moses seals that by smashing the tablets to pieces.

Verses 18-20

The Intercession of Moses

After the tablets of the law were broken, not the people fell down before the LORD with confession of their sin, but Moses. He was impressed by God’s righteous anger. This led him to intercede for the people of God and his brother. The fact that Moses prayed for Aaron makes it clear that the priesthood is also a work of God’s grace. Later Aaron himself became an intercessor (Psalms 99:6; Psalms 99:8; cf. Luke 22:32). The LORD heard Moses, as God hears the Lord Jesus.

Moses and Samuel are valued by the LORD as intercessors for the people (1 Samuel 7:5; 1 Samuel 7:8-:; Jeremiah 15:1). Are we, too, intercessors for Gods people?

Verse 21

The Calf Grinded Until Dust

Intercession does not make the exercise of judgment about sin superfluous. Moses has grinded the calf, which he calls “your sin”, until it was as fine as dust, and made it unfit for any reuse. It is infinite grace, which accepts the destruction and devastation of the idol instead of the destruction and devastation of the idolaters.

Similarly, any object that is connected with sin in our lives must be thoroughly disposed of from our lives. This is only possible after prayer. When we become aware of this, it is the result of the intercession of the Lord Jesus, the true Moses.

Verses 22-24

Even More Rebelliousness

The sin of the golden calf has not been an incident. The rebelliousness of Israel is a characteristic that has repeatedly manifested itself. As long as Moses knows them, they are so. The Lord Jesus also knows us as an ever-wandering people who are led by their own willfulness and are not willing to be led by Him.

1. At Taberah, the people were influenced by the rabble that went with Israel out of Egypt (Numbers 11:1-2 Samuel :). They have become dissatisfied and have grumbled upon God.
2. At Massah they have asked the LORD whether He is in their midst (Exodus 17:7). As if He has never cared about them before, while the evidence is so abundantly present in their redemption from Egypt.
3. At Kibroth-hattaavah they were carried away by their desire for meat (Numbers 11:31-Nahum :; Psalms 78:29).
4. Kadesh-barnea speaks of unbelief. From there the spies were sent to the land because the people are not content with the promise of the LORD (Numbers 32:8-1 Chronicles :).

Verses 25-29

Even More Intercession of Moses

These verses connect to Deuteronomy 9:11-2 Chronicles : of this chapter. In both parts it is about intercession in the first forty days on Mount Horeb. In Deuteronomy 9:18 it is the second forty days on Mount Horeb, after Moses broke the first stone tablets because of the golden calf.

In Deuteronomy 9:27 we read the third “remember” (Deuteronomy 8:2; Deuteronomy 9:7), but Moses doesn’t say this here to the people, but to God. The true Moses says to God that He should not look at the stubbornness and wickedness of the people, but asks Him to think of His own Being. Here we see the intervening of the Lord Jesus and His performance as Advocate with the Father.

Before the times of the ages, the Father made the promise of eternal life to the Son (Titus 1:2). The Son reminds us of this promise of eternal life before the times of the ages. For two thousand years now, he has said to the Father: “Remember.” God has heard the Lord Jesus on behalf of us many times already (Deuteronomy 9:19). On that basis, God’s desire for a testimony on earth from a people longing for the blessing of the land is yet still met.