Bible Commentaries
2 Samuel 24

Verses 1-9

Introduction

The book ends seriously, but also beautifully. It ends first with a serious sin, but then follows an altar and a sacrifice and a mountain. Through this history God makes clear where the temple will be once, but that is more the side that is highlighted in the books of 1 Chronicles and 2 Chronicles.

The Registration of the People

Israel has done something that raised the anger of the LORD (2 Samuel 24:1). What it is, is not mentioned. It is about the LORD’s reaction to this. He holds David as the leader of His people responsible for this. Therefore He sets up David against the people. From 1 Chronicles we know that He uses Satan for this (1 Chronicles 21:1). The books of 1 Chronicles and 2 Chronicles describe the history of God’s people as God loves to remember it. God wants to indicate the place where He wants to be served according to His counsel, and Satan wants to prevent this. We see there that God does reach His goal not despite, but through the sin of David. This is also the case with the Fall, which is used by God for the execution of His counsels. We cannot understand that, but it is so.

Here it is about the side of man. Satan cannot do anything without the permission or will of God. The temple is not mentioned here. It is more about God’s actions with David. It is about his responsibility. David’s heart is filled with the desire to know how great his army is. God is not the origin of sin, but desire in the heart of man (James 1:13-2 Chronicles :). Sin is already in David’s heart and that is what God sees. God brings that sin to light, that David may judge it.

With his desire to know the power of his army, he takes the place of God. What he actually says with his command to register them is that he regards the land of God as his own land and sees his army as his own means of keeping it in possession. He has lost his dependence on God. He commits in principle the sin of the people when they said they wanted a king, just like the people around them (1 Samuel 8:19-Proverbs :). Now the king wants to know the strength of his army, just like the kings of the nations around him.

Why is it wrong to count the people? Surely God has done so several times (Numbers 1:2-Leviticus :; Numbers 26:1-:)? We must think that with David it is about knowing the power of his army (2 Samuel 24:9). He wants to know how strong he is and that depends on the number of soldiers he has. That is his mistake. He forgets that he depends on God’s power. It is serious if we start thinking in numbers to measure our strength. We can think for example of the number of those we meet with and the number of gifts. In the history of Gideon we see how God thinks about numbers (Judges 7:2). God always wants to prevent the flesh from praising itself (cf. 1 Corinthians 1:27-Joel :).

With Nebuchadnezzar we see something similar when he pats himself on the back about “the Babylon the great”, of which he says: “Which I myself have built as a royal residence by the might of my power and for the glory of my majesty” (Daniel 4:28-Micah :). He is judged for this. With Herod we see the same thing. He moderates himself the honor to which only God is entitled and is killed for that (Acts 12:21-Isaiah :). God’s government is equal for everyone. He can never give His honor to another (Isaiah 42:8; Isaiah 48:11). If the Lord wants to use us for the benefit of His people, let it be so that we are always aware that it is His people.

David commands Joab to register the people. Joab, however, objects to this. It seems that Joab here has a better assessment of this plan than David. He foresees that this command is not according to the will of the LORD. This is not because he wants to do the will of the LORD, but because he fears the anger of the LORD. He also speaks to David about “the LORD your God”. The LORD is the God of Da-vid. He himself has no relationship with Him.

This time David does not allow himself to be told by Joab and perseveres his will. We can ask ourselves whether we will be warned if we intend to do something about which other people are expressing their objections. Do we want to reconsider our plan for the Lord, even if those who warn us may have their own interests in mind? Despite the objections of Joab and the other army superiors, the country is counted. After “nine months and twenty days” David gets the result. All this time God has been patient with the sin David commits. However, David’s conscience does not awaken until after evil has been done.

If David gets the outcome, at least he knows on what he can trust. What is not described here, is that Joab did not get around completely (1 Chronicles 21:6). He has not registered all the people. Remarkable is that in 2 Samuel 24:9 the distinction between Israel and Judah comes to the fore. Here again we see the reference to the division of the empire that is already present subcutaneously.

Verses 10-15

The Punishment for Sin

Immediately after David has the result of the registration, he gets remorse and confesses his sin. The troubling of his heart means that his conscience speaks. He says he “sinned greatly”. It is a great sin for a leader of God’s people to rely on something or someone other than God alone. When we start calculating whether we have all the means to function properly, both earthly and spiritually, and therefore act independently of God, we are doing the same thing.

The confession of his sin does not mean that God no longer punishes his sin. His sin becomes a cause of great need for all the people. When David has confessed his sin before the LORD, the LORD sends his prophet to him. The prophet Gad needs not go to him to reveal his sin to him. Nor does he have to tell him that his sin is forgiven. What Gad must do is tell David how God wants to act. He tells David three punishments from which he may choose.

The prophet says: “Consider and see what answer I shall return to Him who sent me.” This is an important word. When making decisions, it is always important that we take time and give time to others to consider in God’s presence what needs to be done, especially if a decision also has consequences for others.

The consideration shows that David’s heart trusts God again. The choice he makes shows that he is the man of faith we know. He would rather fall into the hand of the LORD than into that of man. David knows what is in man. That is why he fears falling into his hands. This is not only true when fleeing from the enemy. It can also apply to famine, because it could also come from enemy invasions. In return he knows the mercy of the LORD. He chooses to do so, without pronouncing himself in favor of any of the three punishments. With this he leaves the choice to the LORD.

The punishment must correspond to sin. David was proud of the great number of his people. Therefore, the judgment with which he is chastened for that sin must be of such a nature as to reduce their number. It is righteousness in God to take away from us what stimulates our pride. Many people die of the plague (2 Samuel 24:15).

After all, it was also the sin of the people by which the anger of the LORD burned and by which David came to his sin. The plague reduces both the number of inhabitants and the warpower he wanted to know. What is left of a people if God extends His hand against it? What remains of the great numbers and numbers of churches when God’s hand extends against them?

Verses 16-17

It Is Enough

When the angel is ready to strike Jerusalem, it is enough. The angel must let his hand relax. The LORD relents from of the calamity He had to let come. He has a reason to do so, and that is the intercession of David. He sees in David’s heart what he also says: his love for “these sheep” of whom he says: “What have they done?” David asks if God will punish him instead of the people (2 Samuel 24:17). He takes full responsibility for the guilt and is therefore a mediator for the people and resembles the Lord Jesus. Here he speaks not only as a sinner, but also as someone who excuses the people by saying that they are innocent sheep. He calls himself the only culprit.

The relenting of the LORD (cf. 1 Samuel 15:29; 1 Samuel 15:35; Genesis 6:6) never has to do with regrets about an act of Himself, but always with the actions of man. Here with David we see that God in His holiness and righteousness must judge, while at the same time He also has salvation for a remnant. This salvation is based on the prayer and sacrifice of His Son.

Verses 18-25

The Altar

On the threshing floor of Araunah judgment comes to a standstill. This threshing floor is located on the mountain Moriah. It is the same place where Abraham sacrificed Isaac (Genesis 22:2). It is also the place where Solomon will build the temple (1 Chronicles 22:1; 2 Chronicles 3:1). The LORD commands David to go up and build an altar on that hill. In this way up we see the way that is taken after humiliation under the powerful hand of God.

The angel stands by the threshing floor of a heathen. The altar that comes there stands in a place where there is nothing of the people. David understands that he must buy the threshing floor for the LORD. If Araunah wants to give him the threshing floor (cf. Genesis 23:6; Genesis 23:11), David refuses. He wants to buy him for a price, “for”, as he says, “I will not offer burnt offerings to the LORD my God which cost me nothing”. This is an important rule: an offering must cost something, otherwise it is not an offering.

When the altar is built and the burnt offerings and the peace offerings are brought, the LORD “was moved by prayer for the land, and the plague was held back from Israel.” This is a wonderful reference to the only foundation on which God still allows Himself to be prayed and the plague that is raging among the people to stop. That foundation is the Lord Jesus in His work on the cross to God’s honor and glorification – what is reflected by the burnt offerings. This work on the cross is also the basis for our fellowship with God and with each other – which is reflected in the peace offerings.

At the end of this book David has an altar. The last thing that is mentioned of him here is that he brings the LORD offerings. Whoever comes to God on the basis of the offering of His Son will experience that God answers prayers because the work of His Son is so precious. It is beautiful to see that this book ends with the atoning sacrifice that by grace averts the anger of God over His people. This sacrifice will be the foundation of the place where God and Israel can meet and the people will worship.

In this chapter we have the sin of man, the judgment of God and also His relenting from it and therefore also salvation, but salvation through an offer. Here we have in short the whole plan of salvation that Scripture shows us.