Bible Commentaries
Song of Solomon 1

Verses 1-14

(See the Song of Solomon Book Comments for other methods of interpreting the Song of Solomon)

XXX

AN INTERPRETATION OF THE SONG OF SOLOMON AS AN ALLEGORY

According to the first verse, the title of this book is "The Song of Songs," and the author was Solomon. The Vulgate has the title, Canticum Canticorum, from which comes the title, "Canticles," by which it is sometimes called and to which the references in some English versions are made. This title, as it appears here, implies that it is the choicest of all songs, in keeping with the saying of an early writer that "the entire world, from the beginning until now, does not outweigh the day in which Canticles was given to Israel."

The parts of the book are marked with a refrain, thus: I adjure you, O daughters of Jerusalem, By the roes, or by the hinds of the field, That ye stir not up, nor awake my love, Until he please, – Song of Solomon 2:7; Song of Solomon 3:5; Song of Solomon 8:4.

It will be noted that the second line in Song of Solomon 8:4 is omitted, perhaps, because it had been given twice before and the shortened form suited better the purpose of the author here.

It is well at this point to fix in mind the representative characters of the book, so as to make clear the interpretation and application. In this allegory the Shulammite may represent souls collectively, but more aptly applied to the individual soul seeking Christ. The daughters of Jerusalem represent the church. Solomon represents Christ, and the watchmen represent the spiritual leaders, such as priests, prophets, and preachers.

The prologue expresses the desire of a soul for Christ, a prayer to be drawn to him, conversion, and a consciousness of unworthiness.

In Part I the soul is instructed to seek its lover at the feeding places of the flock, or places where Christ meets his people; as, in meetings, etc., and upon their meeting they express their love for each other in which the soul is represented as being completely enraptured by its first love to Christ.

In Part II we have the beautiful serenade in which Christ is represented as entreating this new convert to come away and separate herself from her people and everything that might cause alienation. But upon neglect to heed this entreaty the little foxes, that is, little sins creep in and alienation is the result. So she sends him away till the cool of the day – so characteristic of the soul that is neglectful of its early Christian duties. But soon she goes out to seek him – another characteristic of the sheep that has wandered away from its shepherd and the flock. As she goes out to seek him she meets the city watchmen and inquires of them – likewise the soul thus realizing its need at this point makes inquiry of spiritual leaders. She soon finds him and brings him to her mother’s house, thus representing the soul that has not left its former associations.

In Part III we have the procession of Solomon coming out to her to take her to his own home. Here he praises her, wooes her, and pleads with her to come away from her old associations. She is won and agrees to go with him, but when he knocks at the door she is half asleep and does not open to him. Her indifference brings about another alienation, and he leaves. Soon she arises to open, but, alas! he has grown tired of waiting and has gone away. She seeks him again, but the preachers (city watchmen) make it hard for her this time, upon which she appeals to the members of the church (daughters of Jerusalem) and they test her with a question, whereupon she declares her appreciation of him in a most glowing description of him. Then they submit the second test by asking another question as to his whereabouts. Here she understands perfectly as to his abiding place, which she shows them. While this is going on he draws near, speaking of his love. Surely, it is a sweet thought that, while we are talking about Christ and praising him, he draws near and is mindful of us, though we have suffered the little foxes to do their work and have not heeded every knock upon the door by our Lord. As he is thinking and speaking of her he sees her in the distance and exclaims, Who is she that looketh forth as the morning, Fair as the moon, Clear as the sun, Terrible as an army with banners?

After telling where he had been he pleads again, very earnestly, for her return. In the remaining part of this division they converse with each other and he wooes her again and she agrees to leave all and go with him into the fields and villages.

In Part IV the daughters describe them as they proceed toward his house, conversing with each other of love in which she shows love to be the strongest thing in the world.

The Epilogue contains the vows of the woman to do her part and applies beautifully to the loyalty of the soul espoused to Christ.

Now, I call attention to the prayers of the Shulammite which indicate the conflict and progress of the Christian life. These are as follows: Draw me; we will run after thee: The king hath brought me into his chambers; We will be glad and rejoice in thee; We will make mention of thy love more than of wine: Rightly do they love thee. (Song of Solomon 1:4) Tell me, O thou, whom my soul loveth, Where thou feedest thy flock, Where thou makest it to rest at noon: For why should I be as one that is veiled Beside the flocks of thy companions? (Song of Solomon 1:7) Awake, O north wind; and come, thou south; Blow upon my garden, that the spices thereof may flow out. Let my beloved come into his garden, And eat his precious fruits. (Song of Solomon 4:16) Come, my beloved, let us go forth into the field; Let us lodge in the villages. (Song of Solomon 7:11) Set me as a seal upon thy heart, As a seal upon thine arm: For love is strong as death; Jealousy is cruel as Sheol; The flashes thereof are flashes of fire, A very flame of Jehovah. (Song of Solomon 8:6)

Two of the most beautiful passages in the book are the Serenade, which pictures all nature calling to activity, and the passage on Love and Jealousy, showing love to be "The Greatest Thing in the World." These passages are well adapted to the theme of the book and furnish an appropriate closing for our discussion on "The Poetical Books of the Bible." THE SERENADE My beloved spake, and said unto me, Rise up, my love, my fair one, and come away. For, lo, the winter is past; The rain is over and gone; The flowers appear on the earth; The time of the singing of birds is come, And the voice of the turtle-dove is heard in our land; The fig-tree ripeneth her green figs, And the vines are in blossom; They give forth their fragrance, Arise, my love, my fair one, and come away. O my dove, that art in the clefts of the rock, In the covert of the steep place, Let me see thy countenance, Let me hear thy voice; For sweet is thy voice, and thy countenance is comely. – The Song of Solomon 2:10-14

LOVE AND JEALOUSY

Set me as a seal upon thy heart, as a seal upon thine arm: For love is strong as death; Jealousy is cruel as Sheol; The flashes thereof are flashes of fire, A very flame of Jehovah. Many waters cannot quench love, Neither can floods drown it: If a man would give all the substance of his house for love, He would utterly be condemned. – The Song of Solomon 8:6-7

QUESTIONS

1. According to Song of Solomon 1:1, what is the title and who is the author of The Song of Solomon?

2. How are the parts of the book marked?

3. Whom does the Shulammite represent?

4. Whom do the daughters of Jerusalem represent?

5. Whom does Solomon represent?

6. Whom do the watchmen represent?

7. What is the spiritual interpretation and application of the Prologue?

8. What is the spiritual interpretation and application of Part I?

9. What is the spiritual interpretation and application of Part II?

10. What is the story and spiritual application of Part III?

11. What is the interpretation of Part IV?

12. What are the contents of the Epilogue and its application?

13. What are the prayers of the Shulammite?

14. What to you are the moat beautiful passages in the book and in what consists their beauty?