2 Samuel 23:13

Contextual Overview

⁸ These are the names of the mighty men whom David had: Jishbaal the Hachmonite, [of] the elite troops; the same was Adino the Eznite, against eight hundred slain at one time. ⁸ These are the names of David's mightiest warriors. The first was Jashobeam the Hacmonite, who was leader of the Three—the three mightiest warriors among David's men. He once used his spear to kill 800 enemy warriors in a single battle. ⁸ These be the names of the mighty men whom David had: Josheb–basshebeth a Tahchemonite, chief of the captains; the same was Adino the Eznite, against eight hundred slain at one time. ⁸ These are the names of David's warriors: Josheb-Basshebeth, the Tahkemonite, was head of the Three. He killed eight hundred men at one time. ⁸ These are the names of David's warriors: Josheb-Basshebeth, a Tahkemonite, was head of the officers. He killed eight hundred men with his spear in one battle. ⁸ These [are] the names of the mighty men whom David had: The Tachmonite that sat in the seat, chief among the captains; the same [was] Adino the Eznite: [he lifted up his spear] against eight hundred, whom he slew at one time. ⁸ These are the names of the mighty men whom David had: Josheb-basshebeth a Tahchemonite, chief of the captains; the same was Adino the Eznite, against eight hundred slain at one time. ⁸These are the names of the mighty men (warriors) whom David had: Josheb-basshebeth, a Tahchemonite, chief of the captains, also called Adino the Eznite (spear) because of the eight hundred men killed [by him] at one time. ⁸ These are the names of the mighty men whom David had: Josheb-basshebeth a Tahchemonite; he was chief of the three. He wielded his spear against eight hundred whom he killed at one time. ⁸ These ben the names of the stronge men of Dauid. Dauid sittith in the chaier, the wiseste prince among thre; he is as a moost tendir worm of tree, that killide eiyte hundrid with o fersnesse.

Bible Verse Review
  from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge

three: etc. or, the three captains over the thirty, 1 Chronicles 11:15-19, Shalishim, "captains," should most probably be read, instead of shaloshim̀ thirty shalishim, as it is in 2 Samuel 23:8, and Exodus 14:7; where LXX render פסיףפבפבע, which Jerome (on Ezekiel 33:1-33) says "among the Greeks is the name of the second rank after the royal dignity."

the cave: Joshua 12:15, Joshua 15:35, 1 Samuel 22:1, Micah 1:15

the valley: 2 Samuel 5:18, 2 Samuel 5:22, 1 Chronicles 11:15, 1 Chronicles 14:9, Isaiah 17:5

Reciprocal: Genesis 14:5 - Rephaims Genesis 38:1 - Adullamite 1 Samuel 22:4 - in the hold 2 Samuel 23:19 - he attained 2 Chronicles 11:7 - Adullam

Cross-References

Genesis 23:5
The Hittites answered Abraham,

Genesis 23:5
And the sons of Heth answered Abraham, saying,

Genesis 23:5
The Hittites answered Abraham,

Genesis 23:5
The sons of Heth answered Abraham,

Genesis 23:5
And the children of Heth answered Abraham, saying to him,

Genesis 23:5
The children of Heth answered Abraham, saying to him,

Genesis 23:5
The Hittites replied to Abraham,

Genesis 23:5
And the sones of Heth answeriden, and seiden, Lord, here thou vs;

Genesis 23:5
And the sons of Heth answer Abraham, saying to him,

Genesis 23:5
The Hittites replied to Abraham,

Gill's Notes on the Bible

And three of the thirty chiefs went down,.... Or three that were chief of the thirty, superior to them; which some understand of the three before mentioned, so Josephus w; and that having related some particular exploits of theirs, here observes one, in which they were all concerned; and others think the three next are meant, of whom Abishai was the chief, Benaiah the next, and the third Asahel; but the first sense is best:

and came to David in the harvest time, unto the cave of Adullam; not when he was there, upon his flight from Saul, 1 Samuel 22:1; but after he was king, when engaged in war with the Philistines; perhaps wheat harvest is here meant:

and the troop of the Philistines pitched in the valley of Rephaim; the army of the Philistines, as the Targum; of the valley of Rephaim,

1 Samuel 22:1- :.

w Antiqu. l. 7. c. 12. sect. 4.

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

The feat at Bethlehem by three of the thirty was the occasion of their being formed into a distinct triad; Abishai 2 Samuel 23:18, Benaiah 2 Samuel 23:20, and a third not named, were probably the three.

In the harvest time - An error for “to the rock” (compare the marginal reference).

The troop of the Philistines - The word rendered “troop” occurs in this sense only here (and, according to some, in 2 Samuel 23:11), and perhaps in Psalms 68:11. In 1 Chronicles 11:0, as in 2 Samuel 23:16 the reading is “host” or “camp,” which may be the true reading here.

Pitched - The same Hebrew word as “encamped” in 1 Chronicles 11:15.

Valley of Rephaim - Or Giants. See 2 Samuel 21:16 note.

Clarke's Notes on the Bible

Verse 2 Samuel 23:13. And three of the thirty — The word שלשים shalishim, which we translate thirty, probably signifies an office or particular description of men. Of these shalishim we have here thirty-seven, and it can scarcely be said with propriety that we have thirty-seven out of thirty; and besides, in the parallel place, 1 Chronicles 11:11-47, there are sixteen added. The captains over Pharaoh's chariots are termed שלשים shalishim, Exodus 14:7.

The Philistines pitched in the valley of Rephaim. — This is the same war which is spoken of 2 Samuel 5:17, &c.