the Week of Proper 24 / Ordinary 29
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1 Samuel 4:1
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Bible Verse Review
from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge
am 2863, bc 1141, An, Ex, Is, 350
came: or, came to pass, Heb. was, 1 Samuel 3:11
Ebenezer: That is, the place afterwards so called. See the parallel texts. 1 Samuel 5:1, 1 Samuel 7:12
Aphek: This Aphek was situated in the tribe of Judah, and is probably the same as Aphekah. Joshua 15:53, It must be carefully distinguished from that near Jezreel, and another in Asher. 1 Samuel 29:1, Joshua 19:30, 1 Kings 20:30
Reciprocal: Joshua 12:18 - Aphek Joshua 13:4 - Aphek Judges 3:3 - five lords Judges 3:31 - Israel 1 Kings 20:26 - Aphek 2 Kings 13:17 - Aphek Ezekiel 25:15 - to destroy
Cross-References
I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and her offspring; he shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise his heel."
and I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your seed and her seed: he shall bruise your head, and you shall bruise his heel.
I will make you and the woman enemies to each other. Your descendants and her descendants will be enemies. One of her descendants will crush your head, and you will bite his heel."
And I will put hostility between you and the woman and between your offspring and her offspring; her offspring will attack your head, and you will attack her offspring's heel."
And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed: it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel.
I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and her offspring. He will bruise your head, and you will bruise his heel."
"And I will put enmity (open hostility) Between you and the woman, And between your seed (offspring) and her Seed; He shall [fatally] bruise your head, And you shall [only] bruise His heel."
Y schal sette enemytees bitwixe thee and the womman, and bitwixe thi seed and hir seed; sche schal breke thin heed, and thou schalt sette aspies to hir heele.
and enmity I put between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; he doth bruise thee -- the head, and thou dost bruise him -- the heel.'
And I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your seed and her seed. He will crush your head, and you will strike his heel."
Gill's Notes on the Bible
And the word of Samuel came to all Israel,.... Or was "known", as the Targum, the word of prophecy by him, which related to what befell Eli and his family; this was spread throughout the land, and everyone almost had knowledge of it, and which began to be fulfilled in the war between Israel and the Philistines, later related; or the doctrine, instructions, and exhortations of Samuel to the people of Israel, were by the means of others conveyed throughout the land; and yet they went into measures which proved fatal and ruinous to them; or the word of Samuel, which was from the Lord, came to Israel, to stir them up to go to war with the Philistines, whereby the punishment threatened to Eli's family would begin to have its accomplishment:
now Israel went out against the Philistines to battle; according to the word of Samuel, or of the Lord by him; though Ben Gersom thinks they did this of themselves, which was their sin, and did not ask counsel of the Lord, nor of Samuel his prophet; but it seems as if the Philistines were the aggressors, and first came forth to war against them, and they went out to meet them a, as the word is, and defend themselves as it became them: this was forty years after the death of Samson, and at the end of Eli's government, who judged Israel so many years, when they had recruited themselves, and recovered their losses they sustained by Samson; and when they perceived a new judge was raised up among the Israelites, who was likely to be of great service to them, and to prevent their authority over them, and therefore thought to begin with them as soon as possible:
and pitched beside Ebenezer; a place so called by anticipation, and had its name from an later victory obtained, when Samuel set up a stone between Mizpeh and Shen, and called it by this name, 1 Samuel 7:12, it signifies a stone of help:
and the Philistines pitched in Aphek; a city in the tribe of Judah, bordering on the Philistines, 1 Samuel 7:12- :.
a ×קר×ת "in occursum", Pagninus, Montanus.
Barnes' Notes on the Bible
Some attach the opening words to the close of 1 Samuel 3:0, as the complement of what is there said, âThe Lord revealed himself to Samuel ... in Shiloh, and the word of Samuel went forth to all Israel.â If placed at the commencement of 1 Samuel 4:0, and in connection with what follows, they are to be understood in the sense that Samuel called all Israel to battle against the Philistines. (Compare 1 Samuel 7:5.) But this is not the natural interpretation of the words, which seem clearly to belong to what went before.
The mention of the Philistines connects the narrative with Judg. 13â16. Since the Philistine servitude lasted forty years Judges 13:1, and seems to have terminated in the days of Samuel 1 Samuel 7:13-14 in about the 20th year of his judgeship 1 Samuel 7:2; and since it had already begun before the birth of Samson Judges 13:5, and Samson judged Israel for 20 years âin the days of the Philistinesâ Judges 15:20, it seems to follow that the latter part of the judgeship of Eli and the early part of that of Samuel must have been coincident with the lifetime of Samson.
Eben-ezer - (or, the stone of help) The place was afterward so named by Samuel. See the marginal references. âAphek,â or the âfortress,â was probably the same as the âAphekâ of Joshua 12:18. It would be toward the western frontier of Judah, not very far from Mizpeh of Benjamin, and near Shiloh 1 Samuel 4:4.
Clarke's Notes on the Bible
CHAPTER IV
A battle between Israel and the Philistines, in which the former
are defeated, with the loss of four thousand men, 1, 2.
They resolve to give the Philistines battle once more, and bring
the ark of the Lord, with Hophni and Phinehas the priests, into
the camp, 3, 4.
They do so, and become vainly confident, 5.
At this the Philistines are dismayed, 6-9.
The battle commences; the Israelites are again defeated, with
the loss of thirty thousand men; Hophni and Phinehas are among
the slain; and the ark of the Lord is taken, 10, 11.
A Benjamite runs with the news to Eli; who, hearing of the
capture of the ark, falls from his seat, and breaks his neck,
12-18.
The wife of Phinehas, hearing of the death of her husband, and
father-in-law, and of the capture of the ark, is taken in
untimely travail, beings forth a son, calls him I-chabod, and
expires, 19-22.
NOTES ON CHAP. IV
Verse 1 Samuel 4:1. The word of Samuel came to all Israel — This clause certainly belongs to the preceding chapter, and is so placed by the Vulgate, Septuagint, Syriac, and Arabic.
Pitched beside Eben-ezer — This name was not given to this place till more than twenty years after this battle, see 1 Samuel 7:12; for the monument called ×××× ××¢×ר haeben haezer, the "Stone of Help," was erected by Samuel in the place which was afterwards from this circumstance, called Eben-ezer, when the Lord had given the Israelites a signal victory over the Philistines. It was situated in the tribe of Judah, between Mizpeh and Shen, and not far from the Aphek here mentioned. This is another proof that this book was compiled after the times and transactions which it records, and probably from memoranda which had been made by a contemporary writer.
