תהלים 104:15

Hebrew Modern Translation

ויין ישמח לבב אנוש להצהיל פנים משמן ולחם לבב אנוש יסעד׃

Parallel Translations

Hebrew Aleppo Codex
ישמח לבב-אנוש להצהיל פנים משמן ולחם לבב-אנוש יסעד

Biblia Hebrica Stuttgartensia (1967/77)
וְיַ֤יִן ׀ יְשַׂמַּ֬ח לְֽבַב־אֱנֹ֗ושׁ לְהַצְהִ֣יל פָּנִ֣ים מִשָּׁ֑מֶן וְ֝לֶ֗חֶם לְֽבַב־אֱנֹ֥ושׁ יִסְעָֽד ׃

Westminster Leningrad Codex
וְיַיִן ׀ יְשַׂמַּח לְֽבַב־אֱנוֹשׁ לְהַצְהִיל פָּנִים מִשָּׁמֶן וְלֶחֶם לְֽבַב־אֱנוֹשׁ יִסְעָֽד ׃

Bible Verse Review
  from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge

wine: Psalms 23:5, Judges 9:13, Proverbs 31:6, Ecclesiastes 10:19, Jeremiah 31:12, Zechariah 9:15-17, Mark 14:23, Ephesians 5:18

oil to make his: etc. Heb. to make his face shine with oil, or, more than oil. Psalms 92:10, Deuteronomy 28:40, Judges 9:9, Ecclesiastes 8:1, Ecclesiastes 9:7, Song of Solomon 1:2-4, Hebrews 1:9, 1 John 2:20

bread: Psalms 105:16, Leviticus 26:26, Deuteronomy 8:3, Isaiah 3:1, Ezekiel 4:16, Ezekiel 5:16, Ezekiel 14:13

Reciprocal: Genesis 1:29 - to you Genesis 3:18 - herb Genesis 9:3 - even Genesis 18:5 - comfort Genesis 27:28 - plenty Judges 19:5 - Comfort Judges 19:6 - let thine heart Ruth 1:6 - in giving Ruth 3:3 - anoint thee Ruth 3:7 - his heart 2 Samuel 13:28 - heart is merry 2 Samuel 14:2 - mourning Job 28:5 - out of it Psalms 65:9 - thou preparest Proverbs 27:9 - Ointment Ecclesiastes 5:9 - the profit Isaiah 61:3 - the oil Zechariah 10:7 - and their Matthew 26:29 - I will Mark 14:25 - I will Luke 7:46 - General Luke 22:18 - the fruit John 2:3 - they wanted John 2:10 - but 1 Timothy 5:23 - General

Gill's Notes on the Bible

And wine that maketh glad the heart of man,.... That is, by means of rain watering the earth, vines are caused to grow out of it; which produce wine, that has such a virtue in it, as to cheer the heart of man, even of a miserable, distressed, and afflicted man, as the word p is supposed to signify, Judges 9:13. Of this nature are (and therefore are compared to wine, or expressed by it) the love of God and Christ; the blessings of grace, the doctrines of the Gospel, the ordinances of it; particularly that of the Lord's supper, and even the joys of heaven.

And oil to make his face to shine: or, "to make his face shine more than oil" q; and so it continues the account of the virtue of wine, which not only cheers the heart, but makes the countenance brisk and lively, and even shine again: but, according to our version, and others, this is a distinct effect of the rain, causing olive trees to grow out of the earth, productive of oil; which being eaten, fattens, and so makes the face to shine; as it also does by anointing with it, which was much in use for that purpose in the eastern countries, as well as for cheering and refreshing; see Ruth 3:3. Pliny r says, oil purifies or clears; and particularly of oil of almonds, he says, that it makes clean, makes bodies soft, smooths the skin, procures gracefulness; and, with honey, takes spots or specks out of the face. Kimchi makes mention of another use of oil, in lighting lamps; by which the face of man is enlightened, or light is given him. So the Targum,

"to enlighten the face with oil.''

To this the grace of the Spirit is often compared in Scripture, with which both Christ and his members are said to be anointed,

Acts 10:38. This not only cheers and refreshes them, and is therefore called the oil of joy and gladness,

Psalms 45:7, but beautifies and adorns them, and even makes them fat and flourishing, and so their faces to shine; as well as causes their lamps of profession to burn clearly, and the light of their good works to shine before men to the glory of God.

And bread which strengthens man's heart: the earth being watered with rain, causes the wheat sown in it to grow up; of which bread is made for the support of man's life, and is the chief sustenance of it; and is therefore commonly called "the staff of life", and, by the prophet, "the whole stay of bread", Isaiah 3:1, by which human nature is invigorated, and the strength of man is kept up and increased; for the phrase, see Genesis 18:5. Of this nature are the provisions of God's house, which go by the same name, the word and ordinances; and especially Christ Jesus himself, the true and living bread; by which the Christian's spiritual life is supported and maintained, and he is comforted and refreshed, and strengthened for every good work.

p אנוש "mortalis", Junius Tremellius, Piscator "sorry man", Ainsworth. q משמן "prae oleo", Vatablus, Gejerus; "magis quam oleum", Piscator. r Nat. Hist. l. 23. c. 4.

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

And wine that maketh glad the heart of man ... - literally, “And wine (it) gladdens the heart of man to make his face to shine more than oil.” Margin, “to make his face shine with oil, or more than oil.” The latter expresses the idea most accurately. So DeWette renders it. The meaning is, that the earth is made to produce wine (or grapes which produce wine), and this exhilarates the heart, so that the effect is seen on the countenance, making it more bright and cheerful than it is when anointed with oil. On the use of oil, see the notes at Psalms 23:5. The reference here, in the original, is not to wine and oil as produced by the earth, as would seem to be implied in our translation, but to wine that makes the heart glad, and the face brighter than if anointed with oil. The psalmist here states a fact about the use of wine - a wellknown fact that it exhilarates the heart, and brightens the countenance; and he states it merely as a fact. He says nothing on the question whether the use of wine as a beverage is, or is not, proper and safe. Compare the notes at John 2:10.

And bread which strengtheneth man’s heart - That is, Which sustains the heart - that being regarded as the seat of life. Compare Genesis 18:5.

Clarke's Notes on the Bible

Verse Psalms 104:15. And wine — Wine, in moderate quantity, has a wondrous tendency to revive and invigorate the human being. Ardent spirits exhilarate, but they exhaust the strength; and every dose leaves man the worse. Unadulterated wine, on the contrary, exhilarates and invigorates: it makes him cheerful, and provides for the continuance of that cheerfulness by strengthening the muscles, and bracing the nerves. This is its use. Those who continue drinking till wine inflames them, abuse this mercy of God.

Oil to make his face to shine — That is, to anoint the body; and particularly those parts most exposed to the sun and weather. This is of high importance in all arid lands and sultry climates. By it the pores are kept open, and perspiration maintained.

Bread which strengtheneth man's heart. — In hunger not only the strength is prostrated, but the natural courage is also abated. Hunger has no enterprise, emulation, nor courage. But when, in such circumstances, a little bread is received into the stomach, even before concoction can have time to prepare it for nutriment, the strength is restored, and the spirits revived. This is a surprising effect; and it has not yet been satisfactorily accounted for.

Three of the choicest and most important articles of life are here mentioned: WINE, for the support of the vital and intellectual spirits; BREAD, for the support of the nervous and muscular system; and OIL, as a seasoner of food, and for those unctions so necessary for the maintenance of health. Where wine, oil, and bread can be had in sufficient quantities, there animal food, ardent spirits, and all high-seasoned aliments, may be well dispensed with. Heavy taxes on these necessaries of life are taxes on life, itself; and infallibly lead to adulteration of the articles themselves; especially wine and oil, which, in countries where they are highly taxed, are no longer to be found pure.