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Genesis 34:1
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- InternationalParallel Translations
Then Dinah the daughter of Leah, which she bare vnto Iaakob, went out to see the daughters of that countrey.
AND Dinah the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne to Jacob, went out to see the native girls.
Dinah, the daughter of Le'ah, whom she bore to Ya`akov, went out to see the daughters of the land.
One day, Dinah, the daughter of Leah and Jacob, went out to see the women of that place.
Now Dinah the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne to Jacob, went out to see the women of the land.
And Dinah the daughter of Leah, whom she bare unto Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land.
Now Dinah, the daughter whom Leah had by Jacob, went out to see the women of that country.
Dinah, the daughter of Jacob and Leah, went to visit some of the women who lived there.
(v) One time Dinah the daughter of Le'ah, whom she had borne to Ya‘akov, went out to visit the local girls;
And Dinah the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne to Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land.
And Dinah the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne unto Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land.
And Dinah the daughter of Leah, which shee bare vnto Iacob, went out to see the daughters of the land.
Now Dinah the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne to Jacob, went out [unescorted] to visit the girls of the land.
And Dina, the daughter of Lea, whom she bore to Jacob, went forth to observe the daughters of the inhabitants.
And Dinah the daughter of Leah, which she bare unto Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land.
Now Dinah, the daughter Leah had borne to Jacob, went out to visit the daughters of the land.
Now Dinah the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne to Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land.
And Dinah, the daughter of Leah, whom she bore to Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land.
At this time Dinah, the daughter of Leah and Jacob, went out to visit the women of the land.
Now Dinah the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne to Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land.
One day Dinah, the daughter of Jacob and Leah, went to visit some of the young women who lived in the area.
Now Leah's daughter Dinah, who was born to Jacob, went out to visit the women of the land.
Then went forth Dinah, the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne to Jacob, - to see the daughters of the land.
And Dina the daughter of Lia went out to see the women of that country.
Now Dinah the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne to Jacob, went out to visit the women of the land;
One day Dinah, the daughter of Jacob and Leah, went to visit some of the Canaanite women.
And Dinah the daughter of Leah, which she bare unto Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land.
Forsothe Dyna, the douytir of Lya, yede out to se the wymmen of that cuntrey.
And Dinah, daughter of Leah, whom she hath borne to Jacob, goeth out to look on the daughters of the land,
Dinah, the daughter of Leah, whom she bore to Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land.
And Dinah the daughter of Leah, whom she bore to Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land.
And Dinah the daughter of Leah, which she bore to Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land.
Dina the daughter of Lea, whiche she bare vnto Iacob, went out to see the daughters of the lande.
Leah’s daughter Dinah, whom Leah bore to Jacob, went out to see some of the young women of the area.
Dina ye doughter of Lea, which she bare vnto Iacob, wente out to beholde the doughters of the londe.
One day Dinah, the daughter Leah had given Jacob, went to visit some of the women in that country. Shechem, the son of Hamor the Hivite who was chieftain there, saw her and raped her. Then he felt a strong attraction to Dinah, Jacob's daughter, fell in love with her, and wooed her. Shechem went to his father Hamor, "Get me this girl for my wife."
Now Dinah the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne to Jacob, went out to visit the daughters of the land.
Now Dinah the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne to Jacob, went out to visit the women of the region.
Now Dinah the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne to Jacob, went out to visit the daughters of the land.
Now Dinah the daughter of Leah, whom she had borne to Jacob, went out to see the daughters of the land.
Contextual Overview
Bible Verse Review
from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge
am 2272, bc 1732
Dinah: Genesis 30:21, Genesis 46:15
the daughter: Genesis 26:34, Genesis 27:46, Genesis 28:6, Genesis 30:13, Jeremiah 2:36, 1 Timothy 5:13, Titus 2:5
Reciprocal: Judges 14:1 - Timnath
Cross-References
When Esau was forty years old, he married Judith the daughter of Beeri the Hittite, as well as Basemath the daughter of Elon the Hittite.
Then Rebekah said to Isaac, "I am deeply depressed because of these daughters of Heth. If Jacob were to marry one of these daughters of Heth who live in this land, I would want to die!"
Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him off to Paddan Aram to find a wife there. As he blessed him, Isaac commanded him, "You must not marry a Canaanite woman."
Leah said, "How happy I am, for women will call me happy!" So she named him Asher.
After that she gave birth to a daughter and named her Dinah.
These were the sons of Leah, whom she bore to Jacob in Paddan Aram, along with Dinah his daughter. His sons and daughters numbered thirty-three in all.
Why do you constantly go about changing your political allegiances? You will get no help from Egypt just as you got no help from Assyria.
And besides that, going around from house to house they learn to be lazy, and they are not only lazy, but also gossips and busybodies, talking about things they should not.
to be self-controlled, pure, fulfilling their duties at home, kind, being subject to their own husbands, so that the message of God may not be discredited.
Gill's Notes on the Bible
Ver. 1 And Dinah the daughter of Leah, which she bare unto Jacob,.... Who is supposed to be at this time about fourteen or fifteen years of age: for that she was but about nine or ten years old is not to be credited, as some compute it z: she is observed to be the daughter of Leah, partly that the following miscarriage might bring to mind her forwardness to intrude herself into Jacob's bed, and be a rebuke unto her; and partly to account for Simeon and Levi being so active in revenging her abuse, they being Leah's sons: of Dinah it is said, that she
went out to see the daughters of the land; of the land of Canaan, to visit them, and contract an acquaintance with them; and she having no sisters to converse with at home, it might be a temptation to her to go abroad. According to the Targum of Jonathan, she went to see the manners, customs, and fashions of the women of that country, to learn them, as the Septuagint version renders the word; or to see their habit and dress, and how they ornamented themselves, as Josephus a observes; and who also says it was a festival day at Shechem, and therefore very probably many of the young women of the country round about might come thither on that occasion; and who being dressed in their best clothes would give Dinah a good opportunity of seeing and observing their fashions; and which, with the diversions of the season, and shows to be seen, allured Dinah to go out of her mother's tent into the city, to gratify her curiosity. Aben Ezra's note is, that she went of herself, that is, without the leave of either of her parents: according to other Jewish writers b there was a snare laid for her by Shechem, who observing that Jacob's daughter dwelt in tents, and did not go abroad, he brought damsels out of the city dancing and playing on timbrels; and Dinah went forth to see them playing, and he took her, and lay with her, as follows.
z R. Ganz. Tzemach David, par. l. fol. 6. 2. a Antiqu. l. 1. c. 21. sect. 1. b Pirke Eliezer, c. 38. fol. 42. 2.
Barnes' Notes on the Bible
- Dinahâs Dishonor
This chapter records the rape of Dinah and the revenge of her brothers.
Genesis 34:1-5
Dinah went out to see the daughters of the land. The Jewish doctors of a later period fix the marriageable age of a female at twelve years and a day. It is probable that Dinah was in her thirteenth year when she went out to visit the daughters of the land. Six or seven years, therefore, must have been spent by Jacob between Sukkoth, where he abode some time, and the neighborhood of Shekerm, where he had purchased a piece of ground. If we suppose Dinah to have been born in the same year with Joseph, who was in his seventeenth year at the time of his being sold as a bondslave Genesis 37:2, the events of this chapter must have occurred in the interval between the completion of her twelfth and that of her sixteenth year. âShekem.â This name is hereditary in the family, and had taken hold in the locality before the time of Abraham. The Hivite was a descendant of Kenaan. We find this tribe now occupying the district where the Kenaanite was in possession at a former period Genesis 12:6. âSpake to the heart of the damsel.â After having robbed her of her honor, he promises to recognize her as his wife, provided he can gain the consent of her relatives. âShekem spake unto his father Hamor.â He is in earnest about this matter. âJacob held his peace.â He was a stranger in the land, and surrounded by a flourishing tribe, who were evidently unscrupulous in their conduct.
Genesis 34:6-17
A conference takes place between the parties. Hamer and Jacob, the parents on both sides, are the principals in the negotiation. The sons of Jacob, being brothers of the injured damsel, are present, according to custom. âWrought fully in Israel;â a standing phrase from this time forward for any deed that was contrary to the sanctity which ought to characterize Godâs holy people. Israel is used here to designate the descendants of Israel, the special people. Hamer makes his proposal. âShekem, my son.â These words are a nominative pendent, for which âhis soulâ is substituted. He proposes a political alliance or amalgamation of the two tribes, to be sealed and actually effected by intermarriage. He offers to make them joint-possessors of the soil, and of the rights of dwelling, trading, and acquiring property. Shekem now speaks with becoming deference and earnestness.
He offers any amount of dowry, or bridal presents, and of gift to the mother and brothers of the bride. It must be acknowledged that the father and the son were disposed to make whatever amends they could for the grievous offence that had been committed. The sons of Jacob answer with deceit. They are burning with resentment of the wrong that âought not to have been done,â and that cannot now be fully repaired. Yet they are in presence of a superior force, and therefore, resort to deceit. âAnd spake.â This goes along with the previous verb âanswered,â and is meant to have the same qualification âwith deceit.â The last clause of the verse then assigns the cause of this deceitful dealing. Their speech, for the matter of it, is reasonable. They cannot intermarry with the uncircumcised. Only on condition that every male be circumcised will they consent. On these terms they promise to âbecome one peopleâ with them. Otherwise they take their daughter, and depart. Our daughter. They here speak as a family or race, and therefore, call Dinah their daughter, though her brothers are the speakers.
Genesis 34:18-24
Hamor and Shekem accept the terms, and immediately proceed to carry them into effect. It is testified of Shekem, that he delayed not to do the thing, and that he was more honorable than all his house. They bring the matter before their fellow-citizens, and urge them to adopt the rite of circumcision, on the ground that the men are peaceable, well-conducted, and they and their cattle and goods would be a valuable addition to the common wealth of their tribe. Hence, it appears that the population was still thin, that the neighboring territory was sufficient for a much larger number than its present occupants, and that a tribe found a real benefit in an accession to his numbers. The people were persuaded to comply with the terms proposed. There is nothing said here of the religious import of the rite, or of any diversity of worship that may have existed between the two parties. But it is not improbable that the Shekemites were prepared for mutual toleration, or even for the adoption of the religion of Israel in its external forms, though not perhaps to the exclusion of their own hereditary customs. It is also possible that the formal acknowledgment of the one true God was not yet extinct. Circumcision has been in use among the Egyptians, Colchians (Herodotus ii. 104), and other eastern nations; but when and how introduced we are not informed. The present narrative points out one way in which it may have spread from nation to nation.
Genesis 34:25-31
Simon and Levi, at the head no doubt of all their fatherâs men, now fall upon the Shekemites, when feverish with the circumcision, and put them to the sword. Simon and Levi were the sons of Leah, and therefore, full brothers of Dinah. If Dinah was of the same year as Joseph, they would be respectively seven and six years older than she was. If she was in her thirteenth year, they would therefore, be respectively in their twentieth and nineteenth years, and therefore, suited by age and passion for such an enterprise. All the sons of Jacob joined in the sacking of the city. They seized all their cattle and goods, and made captives of their wives and little ones. Jacob is greatly distressed by this outrage, which is equally contrary to his policy and his humanity. He sets before his sons, in this expostulation, the danger attendant upon such a proceeding. The âKenaanite and the Perizzite,â whom Abraham found in the land on his return from Egypt Genesis 13:7. âI am a few menâ - men of number that might easily be counted. I here denotes the family or tribe with all its dependents. When expanded, therefore, it is, âI and my house.â Simon and Levi have their reply. It justifies the retribution which has fallen on the Shekemites for this and all their other crimes. But it does not justify the executioners for taking the law into their own hands, or proceeding by fraud and indiscriminate slaughter. The employment of circumcision, too, which was the sign of the covenant of grace, as a means of deception, was a heinous aggravation of their offence.
Clarke's Notes on the Bible
CHAPTER XXXIV.
Dinah, the daughter of Jacob and Leah, going out to
see the daughters of the land, is ravished by Shechem,
the son of Hamor, 1, 2.
He entreats his father to get her for him to wife, 3.
Jacob and his sons hear of the indignity offered to Dinah, 5-7.
Hamor proposes the suit of Shechem to Jacob and his sons, and
offers them a variety of advantages, 8-10.
Shechem himself comes forward, begs to have Dinah to wife, and
offers dowry to any extent, 11, 12.
The sons of Jacob pretend scruples of conscience to give their
sister to one who was uncircumcised; and require, as a condition
of this marriage, and of intermarriages in general, that all the
Shechemites should be circumcised, 13-17.
Hamor and Shechem consent, 18, 19.
They lay the business before the elders of their city, dwell on
the advantages of a connection with Jacob and his family, and
propose to them the condition required by the sons of Jacob, 20-23.
The elders consent, and all the males are circumcised, 24.
While the Shechemites are incapable of defending themselves, on
the third day after their circumcision, Simeon and Levi, the
brothers of Dinah, came upon the city, slew all the males,
sacked the city, took the women and children captives, and
seized on all the cattle belonging to the Shechemites, 25-29.
Jacob is greatly displeased and alarmed at this treachery and
cruelty of his sons, and lays before them the probable
consequences, 30.
They endeavour to vindicate their conduct, 31.
NOTES ON CHAP. XXXIV
Verse Genesis 34:1. And Dinah - went out to see the daughters of the land. — It is supposed that Jacob had been now about seven or eight years in the land, and that Dinah, who was about seven years of age when Jacob came to Canaan, was now about fourteen or fifteen. Why or on what occasion she went out we know not, but the reason given by Josephus is very probable, viz., that it was on one of their festivals.
