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¹ Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, a called apostle, having been separated to the good news of God,² which He announced before through His prophets in holy writings,³ concerning His Son—who has come of the seed of David according to the flesh,⁴ who is marked out [as the] Son of God in power, according to the Spirit of sanctification, by the resurrection from the dead—Jesus Christ our Lord;⁵ through whom we received grace and apostleship, for obedience of faith among all the nations, in behalf of His Name;⁶ among whom are also you, the called of Jesus Christ;⁷ to all who are in Rome, beloved of God, called holy ones: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ!

⁸ First, indeed, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all, that your faith is proclaimed in the whole world;⁹ for God is my witness, whom I serve in my spirit in the good news of His Son, how unceasingly I make mention of you,¹⁰ always in my prayers imploring, if by any means now at length I will have a prosperous journey, by the will of God, to come to you,¹¹ for I long to see you, that I may impart to you some spiritual gift, that you may be established;¹² and that is, that I may be comforted together among you, through faith in one another, both yours and mine.¹³ And I do not wish you to be ignorant, brothers, that many times I purposed to come to you—and was hindered until the present time—that some fruit I might have also among you, even as also among the other nations.¹⁴ Both to Greeks and to foreigners, both to wise and to thoughtless, I am a debtor,¹⁵ so, as much as in me is, I am ready also to you who [are] in Rome to proclaim good news,

¹⁶ for I am not ashamed of the good news of the Christ, for it is the power of God to salvation to everyone who is believing, both to Jew first, and to Greek.¹⁷ For the righteousness of God in it is revealed from faith to faith, according as it has been written: "And the righteous one will live by faith,"¹⁸ for the wrath of God is revealed from Heaven on all impiety and unrighteousness of men, holding down the truth in unrighteousness.

¹⁹ Because that which is known of God is revealed among them, for God revealed [it] to them,²⁰ for the invisible things of Him from the creation of the world, by the things made being understood, are plainly seen, both His eternal power and Godhead—to their being inexcusable;²¹ because, having known God they did not glorify [Him] as God, nor gave thanks, but were made vain in their reasonings, and their unintelligent heart was darkened,²² professing to be wise, they were made fools,²³ and changed the glory of the incorruptible God into the likeness of an image of corruptible man, and of birds, and of quadrupeds, and of reptiles.²⁴ For this reason also God gave them up, in the desires of their hearts, to uncleanness, to dishonor their bodies among themselves;²⁵ who changed the truth of God into the lie, and honored and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed for all ages. Amen.²⁶ Because of this God gave them up to dishonorable affections, for even their females changed the natural use into that against nature;²⁷ and in like manner also the males having left the natural use of the female, burned in their longing toward one another; males with males working shame, and the repayment of their error that was fit, in themselves receiving.²⁸ And according as they did not approve of having God in knowledge, God gave them up to a disapproved mind, to do the things not seemly;²⁹ having been filled with all unrighteousness, whoredom, wickedness, covetousness, malice; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, evil dispositions; whisperers,³⁰ evil-speakers, God-haters, insulting, proud, boasters, inventors of evil things, disobedient to parents,³¹ unintelligent, faithless, without natural affection, implacable, unmerciful;³² who the righteous judgment of God having known—that those practicing such things are worthy of death—not only do them, but also have delight with those practicing them.