the Week of Christ the King / Proper 29 / Ordinary 34
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Green's Literal Translation
Hosea 13:1
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"The tribe of Ephraim made itself very important in Israel. Ephraim spoke and people shook with fear. But Ephraim sinned by worshiping Baal, so he must die.
When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling. He exalted himself in Israel, But through Baal he incurred guilt and died.
People used to fear the tribe of Ephraim; they were important people in Israel. But they sinned by worshiping Baal, so they must die.
When Ephraim spoke, there was terror; he was exalted in Israel, but he became guilty by worshiping Baal and died.
When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling; he exalted himself in Israel; but when he offended in Baal, he died.
When Ephraim spoke trembling, he exalted himself in Israel; but when he offended in Baal, he died.
When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling and terror. He exalted himself [above the other tribes] in Israel; But through [the worship of] Baal he became guilty and died [spiritually, and then came ruin, sealing Israel's doom as a nation].
When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling; he was exalted in Israel, but he incurred guilt through Baal and died.
When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling. He exalted himself in Israel, But when he became guilty in Baal, he died.
For Effraym spak, hidousnesse assailide Israel; and he trespasside in Baal, and was deed.
When Ephraim spake, there was trembling; he exalted himself in Israel: but when he offended in Baal, he died.
When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling; he was exalted in Israel. But he incurred guilt through Baal, and he died.
The Lord said: When your leaders spoke, everyone in Israel trembled and showed great respect. But you sinned by worshiping Baal, and you were destroyed.
When Ephraim spake, there was trembling; he exalted himself in Israel; but when he offended in Baal, he died.
When the words of my law came from Ephraim, he was lifted up in Israel; but when he did evil through the Baal, death overtook him.
"When Efrayim spoke, there was trembling; he was a power in Isra'el. But when he incurred guilt through Ba‘al, he died.
When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling; he exalted himself in Israel: but he trespassed through Baal, and he died.
When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling, he exalted himself in Israel; but when he became guilty through Baal, he died.
When Ephraim spake, trembling, he exalted himselfe in Israel, but, when he offended in Baal, he died.
When the tribe of Ephraim spoke, the people shook with fear, for that tribe was important in Israel. But the people of Ephraim sinned by worshiping Baal and thus sealed their destruction.
When Ephraim spoke, men shook in fear. He was honored in Israel. But he sinned by worshiping Baal, and died.
When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling; he was exalted in Israel; but he incurred guilt through Baal and died.
When Ephraim spake, there was trembling: hee exalted him selfe in Israel, but he hath sinned in Baal, and is dead.
WHEN Ephraim spoke, the people trembled; he became great in Israel; but when he was found guilty of Baal worship, he lost his power.
When Ephraim, spake, there was terror, exalted was, he, in Israel, - but, when he became guilty with Baal, then he died.
When Ephraim spoke, a horror seized Israel: and he sinned in Baal, and died.
When E'phraim spoke, men trembled; he was exalted in Israel; but he incurred guilt through Ba'al and died.
When Ephraim spake, there was tremblyng, he was exalted among the Israelites: but he hath sinned in Baal, and is dead.
According to the word of Ephraim he adopted ordinances for himself in Israel; and he established them for Baal, and died.
In the past, when the tribe of Ephraim spoke, the other tribes of Israel were afraid; they looked up to Ephraim. But the people sinned by worshiping Baal, and for this they will die.
When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling;
When Efrayim spoke, there was trembling. He exalted himself in Yisra'el, But when he became guilty in Ba`al, he died.
When Ephraim spake trembling, he exalted himself in Israel; but when he offended in Baal, he died.
When Ephraim spoke, there was terror; he was exalted in Israel, but he incurred guilt through Baal and died.
When Ephraim speaketh tremblingly, He hath been lifted up in Israel, When he becometh guilty in Baal he dieth.
The abhominacion of Ephraim is come also in to Israel. He is gone backe to Baal, therfore must he dye.
God once let loose against Ephraim a terrifying sentence against Israel: Caught and convicted in the lewd sex-worship of Baal—they died! And now they're back in the sin business again, manufacturing god-images they can use, Religion customized to taste. Professionals see to it: Anything you want in a god you can get. Can you believe it? They sacrifice live babies to these dead gods— kill living babies and kiss golden calves! And now there's nothing left to these people: hollow men, desiccated women, Like scraps of paper blown down the street, like smoke in a gusty wind.
When Ephraim spoke, trembling, He exalted himself in Israel; But when he offended through Baal worship, he died.
When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling. He exalted himself in Israel, But through Baal he did wrong and died.
When Ephraim spoke, there was trembling.He lifted himself up in Israel,But through Baal he became guilty and died.
Contextual Overview
Bible Verse Review
from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge
Ephraim: 1 Samuel 15:17, Proverbs 18:12, Isaiah 66:2, Luke 14:11
exalted: Numbers 2:18-21, Numbers 10:22, Numbers 13:8, Numbers 13:16, Numbers 27:16-23, Joshua 3:7, 1 Kings 12:25
offended: Hosea 11:2, 1 Kings 16:29-33, 1 Kings 18:18, 1 Kings 18:19, 2 Kings 17:16-18
died: Genesis 2:17, Romans 5:12, 2 Corinthians 5:14
Reciprocal: 1 Samuel 9:21 - my family 2 Chronicles 12:1 - he forsook Proverbs 14:34 - Righteousness Isaiah 17:8 - the work Isaiah 28:4 - shall be Hosea 2:13 - the days Hosea 5:3 - Ephraim Hosea 5:9 - Ephraim Luke 8:47 - she came Romans 11:4 - Baal 2 Corinthians 7:15 - with
Cross-References
Is not all the land before you? Please separate from me. If you go to the left, then I will go to the right. Or if you go to the right, then I will go to the left.
And Abraham pulled up stakes from there to the land of the Negeb, and lived between Kadesh and Shur, and stayed in Gerar.
And he planted a tamarisk tree in Beer-sheba, and there he called on the name of Jehovah the everlasting God.
And Joshua struck all the land: the heights and the Negeb, and the Lowland, and the slopes, and all their kings; he did not leave a survivor, but he destroyed all that breathed, as Jehovah the God of Israel had commanded.
And they shall divide it into seven parts. Judah shall stay within their border on the south, and the house of Joseph shall stay within their border on the north.
And Achish said, Did you not make raids today? And David said, Against the south of Judah, and against the south of the Jerahmeelites, and to the south of the Kenites.
And they came into the fortress of Tyre, and all the cities of the Hivite, and of the Canaanite. And they went out to the south of Judah, to Beer-sheba.
Gill's Notes on the Bible
When Ephraim spake trembling, he exalted himself in Israel,.... Or, with trembling, as Jarchi: so Jeroboam, who was of the tribe of Ephraim, spake before Solomon, a great king, as he observes. R. Moses the priest interprets it of Jeroboam; but it may be understood of the tribe in general, and especially of the heads of it, at anytime before it fell into idolatry; when they spake with submission and humility, they were attended to by the other tribes in all consultations and debates, and great deference was paid unto them; and they were find in great esteem, and highly honoured, agreeably to that common saving of our Lord, "he that humbleth himself shall be exalted", Luke 14:11; or, "when [he] spake [there was] trembling" q; either the neighbouring nations, when he threatened them with war: or among the other tribes of Israel, when he spake in counsel, and with authority, they rose up and heard him with great reverence and respect; see Job 29:8. So the Targum,
"when anyone of the house of Ephraim spake, trembling laid hold on the people; they became princes in Israel.''
Some refer this to the times of Joshua, who was of that tribe, and whom the Israelites feared as they had feared Moses, Joshua 4:14; others to the times of Gideon and Jephthah, with whom the tribe of Ephraim expostulated, Judges 8:1; but others interpret it of Jeroboam's idolatry, of his setting up the worship of the calves, which he did upon his exalting himself, and setting himself up as king of the ten tribes; and, in some agreement with this, Schmidt understands, by "trembling", a terrible and horrible thing, idolatry, which he commanded and appointed; and which he "bore" or "carried", as the word r is interpreted by him, and may be; that is, his sin, and the punishment of it, which Jeroboam and his posterity did bear; and so it agrees with what follows:
but, or "and",
when he offended in Baal, he died; or when he sinned, and became guilty of more idolatry still, by worshipping Baal, as well as the calves, which was done in the times of Ahab, 1 Kings 16:31; when Ephraim or the kingdom or Israel fell into distresses and calamities, sunk in their grandeur and authority, declined in their wealth and riches, and were insulted by their enemies, particularly by Benhadad king of Syria, who sent to Ahab, and challenged his silver and gold, his wives and children, as his own, 1 Kings 20:3; and so they gradually decreased in credit and reputation, in power and authority, in wealth and substance, and at last were delivered to the sword of the enemy, and to captivity, which was their civil death.
q כדבר-רתת "quum loqueretur--tremor erat", Pagninus, Vatablus; "terror erat", Zanchius, Drusius. r נשא הוא "portavit ipse, [sub.] iniquitatem suam", Schmidt.
Barnes' Notes on the Bible
When Ephraim spake trembling - that is, probably “there was ‘trembling.’” : “Ephraim was once very awful, so as, while he spake, the rest of the tribes were ready to tremble.” The prophet contrasts two conditions of Ephraim, of prosperity, and destruction. His prosperity he owed to the undeserved mercy of God, who blessed him for Joseph’s sake; his destruction, to his own sin. There is no period recorded, “when Ephraim spake trembling,” i. e., in humility. Pride was his characteristic, almost as soon as he had a separate existence as a tribe (see the note at Hosea 5:5). Under Joshua, it could not be called out, for Ephraim gained honor, when Joshua, one of themselves, became the captain of the Lord’s people. Under the Judges, their pride appeared. Yet God tried them, by giving them their hearts’ desire. They longed to be exalted, and He satisfied them, if so be they would thus serve Him. They had the chief power, and were a “terror” to Judah. “He exalted himself,” (or perhaps “he was exalted,) in Israel; but when he offended in Baal he died;” literally, “and he offended in Baal and died.”
He abused the goodness of God; his sin followed as a consequence of God’s goodness to him. God raised him, and he offended. The alliance with a king of Tyre and Sidon, which brought in the worship of Baal, was a part of the worldly policy of the kings of Israel (1 Kings 16:31, see Introduction). “As if it had been a light thing for him to walk in the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, he took to wife the daughter of Ethbaal, king of the Zidonians, and went and served Baal and worshiped him.” The twenty-two years of Ahab’s reign established the worship. The prophets of Baal became 450; the prophets of the kindred idolatry of Ashtoreth, or Astarte, became 400; Baal had his one central temple, large and magnificent 2 Kings 10:21-22, 2 Kings 10:25, a rival of that of God. The prophet Elijah thought the apostasy almost universal; God revealed to him that He had “reserved” to Himself “seven thousand in Israel.” Yet these were “all the knees which had not bowed to Baal, and every mouth which had not kissed him” 1 Kings 19:18.
And died - Death is the penalty of sin. Ephraim “died” spiritually. For sin takes away the life of grace, and separates from God, the true life of the soul, the source of all life. He “died more truly, than he who is dead and at rest.” Of this death, our Lord says, “Let the dead bury their dead” Matthew 8:22; and Paul, “She who liveth in pleasure is dead while she liveth” 1 Timothy 5:6. He “died” also as a nation and kingdom, being sentenced by God to cease to be.
Clarke's Notes on the Bible
CHAPTER XIII
Thus chapter begins with observing that the fear of God leads
to prosperity, but sin to ruin; a truth most visibly
exemplified in the sin and punishment of Ephraim, 1-3.
As an aggravation of their guilt, God reminds them of his
former favours, 4, 5;
which they had shamefully abused, 6;
and which now expose them to dreadful punishments, 7, 8.
He, however, tempers these awful threatenings with gracious
promises; and, on their repentance, engages to save them, when
no other could protect them, 9-11.
But, alas! instead of repenting, Ephraim is filling up the
measure of his iniquity, 12, 13.
Notwithstanding this, God promises to put forth has almighty
power in behalf of his people, and, as it were, raise them
from the dead, 14;
although, in the meantime, they must be visited with great
national calamities, compared first to the noxious and parching
east wind, 15,
and described immediately after in the plainest terms, 16.
NOTES ON CHAP. XIII
Verse Hosea 13:1. When Ephraim spake trembling — When he was meek and humble, of a broken heart and contrite spirit.
He exalted himself in Israel — He became great in God's sight; he rose in the Divine esteem in proportion as he sank in his own. But this did not continue.
He offended in Baal — He became an idolater.
He died. — The sentence of death from the Divine justice went out against him.
This has been differently understood: "As soon as Ephraim spake (To your tents, O Israel!) There was a trembling or commotion: then the kingdom was exalted in Israel." Thus taken, it refers to the division of the ten tribes from Rehoboam, son of Solomon, 1 Kings 12:16, c., and the establishment of the kingdom of Israel under Jeroboam in opposition to that of Judah which breach was never healed.
