the Week of Proper 24 / Ordinary 29
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King James Version
Malachi 1:3
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And I did not accept Esau. I destroyed his hill country. His country was destroyed, and now only wild dogs live there."
but I have hated Esau, and I have made his mountains a desolation and given his inheritance to the jackals of the wilderness."
but I hated Esau. I destroyed his mountain country and left his land to the wild dogs of the desert."
but Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and [gave] his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness.
And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness.
but [in comparison with My love for Jacob] I have hated Esau (Edom), and I have made his mountains a wasteland, and have given his inheritance to the jackals of the wilderness."
but Esau I have hated. I have laid waste his hill country and left his heritage to jackals of the desert."
but Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness."
forsothe Y hatide Esau? And Y haue put Seir the hillis of hym in to wildirnesse, and his eritage in to dragouns of desert.
but Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness.
but Esau I have hated, and I have made his mountains a wasteland and left his inheritance to the desert jackals."
instead of Esau. And I turned Esau's hill country into a barren desert where jackals roam.
but Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness.
And Esau was hated, and I sent destruction on his mountains, and gave his heritage to the beasts of the waste land.
but hated ‘Esav. I made his mountains desolate and gave his territory to desert jackals."
and I hated Esau; and made his mountains a desolation, and [gave] his inheritance to the jackals of the wilderness.
But Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness.
And I hated Esau, and layde his mountaines, and his heritage waste, for the dragons of the wildernesse.
but I rejected his brother, Esau, and devastated his hill country. I turned Esau's inheritance into a desert for jackals."
but I have hated Esau. I have laid waste his mountains and have given his riches to the wild dogs of the desert."
but I have hated Esau; I have made his hill country a desolation and his heritage a desert for jackals.
And I hated Esau, and made his mountaines wast, & his heritage a wildernes for dragons.
And I have made his mountains waste and his heritage for camps of shepherds in the wilderness.
And, Esau, have I hated, - and made his mountains a desolation, and his inheritance a dwelling for the jackals of the wilderness.
But have hated Esau? and I have made his mountains a wilderness, and given his inheritance to the dragons of the desert.
but I have hated Esau; I have laid waste his hill country and left his heritage to jackals of the desert."
And I hated Esau, & made his mountaynes waste, and his heritage a wildernesse for Dragons.
and hated Esau and laid waste his borders, and made his heritage as dwellings of the wilderness?
and have hated Esau and his descendants. I have devastated Esau's hill country and abandoned the land to jackals."
but I hated Esau. I turned his mountains into a wasteland, and gave his inheritance to the desert jackals.”
but Esav I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness."
but Esau I have hated. I have made his mountain ranges a desolation, and given his inheritance to the jackals of the desert."
and I have hated Esau and have made his mountains a desolation, and his inheritance to be for the jackals of the wilderness.
Is not Esau Jacob's brother? -- an affirmation of Jehovah, And I love Jacob, and Esau I have hated, And I make his mountains a desolation, And his inheritance for dragons of a wilderness.
and hated Esau: Yee I haue made his hilles waist, and his heretage a wyldernesse for dragos.
and rejected Esau. I turned Esau's mountains into a deserted wasteland and gave his territory to the wild jackals."
But Esau I have hated, And laid waste his mountains and his heritage For the jackals of the wilderness."
but I have hated Esau, and I have made his mountains a desolation and appointed his inheritance for the jackals of the wilderness."
but I have hated Esau, and I have set his mountains to be a desolation and his inheritance for the jackals of the wilderness."
Contextual Overview
Bible Verse Review
from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge
hated: Genesis 29:30, Genesis 29:31, Deuteronomy 21:15, Deuteronomy 21:16, Luke 14:26
laid: Isaiah 34:9-12, Jeremiah 49:16-18, Ezekiel 25:13, Ezekiel 25:14, Ezekiel 36:3, Ezekiel 36:4, Ezekiel 36:7, Ezekiel 36:9, Ezekiel 36:14, Ezekiel 36:15, Joel 3:19, Obadiah 1:10, Obadiah 1:18, Obadiah 1:19-21
the: Isaiah 13:21, Isaiah 13:22, Isaiah 34:13, Isaiah 34:14, Isaiah 35:7, Jeremiah 9:11, Jeremiah 51:37
Reciprocal: Genesis 36:8 - mount Seir 1 Kings 11:15 - after he had 2 Kings 3:8 - the wilderness of Edom Job 30:29 - a brother Job 31:40 - thistles Psalms 44:3 - because Psalms 68:6 - the rebellious Isaiah 34:10 - from Isaiah 34:11 - stretch Jeremiah 10:22 - a den Jeremiah 49:7 - Edom Jeremiah 49:10 - I have made Jeremiah 49:13 - a desolation Jeremiah 49:20 - make Jeremiah 49:33 - a dwelling Ezekiel 32:29 - Edom Ezekiel 35:4 - lay Ezekiel 35:9 - perpetual Malachi 1:4 - The people Matthew 1:2 - Isaac begat Romans 9:13 - Jacob
Cross-References
Behold, he spreadeth his light upon it, and covereth the bottom of the sea.
Where is the way where light dwelleth? and as for darkness, where is the place thereof,
By the word of the Lord were the heavens made; and all the host of them by the breath of his mouth.
For he spake, and it was done; he commanded, and it stood fast.
Light is sown for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart.
Who coverest thyself with light as with a garment: who stretchest out the heavens like a curtain:
God is the Lord , which hath shewed us light: bind the sacrifice with cords, even unto the horns of the altar.
Let them praise the name of the Lord : for he commanded, and they were created.
I form the light, and create darkness: I make peace, and create evil: I the Lord do all these things.
The sun shall be no more thy light by day; neither for brightness shall the moon give light unto thee: but the Lord shall be unto thee an everlasting light, and thy God thy glory.
Gill's Notes on the Bible
And I hated Esau,.... Or, "rejected" him, as the Targum; did not love him as Jacob: this was a negative, not positive hatred; it is true of him, personally considered; not only by taking away the birthright and blessing from him, which he despised; but by denying him his special grace, leaving him in his sins, and to his lusts, so that he became a profane person; shared not in the grace of God here, and had no part in the eternal inheritance with the saints in light; and likewise it is true of his posterity, as the following instances show:
and laid his mountains and his heritage waste; which, according to Grotius, was done by Nebuchadnezzar, five years after the captivity of the Jews, in fulfilment of the prophecy of Jeremiah, Jeremiah 49:7 but this was done by the Nabatheans n: Mount Seir was the famous mountain that Esau dwelt in, Genesis 36:8 there might be more in his country; or this might have many tops, and therefore called "mountains"; and to this account of the waste and desolate state of this country agrees what is at present related of it, by a late traveller o in those parts:
"if (says he) we leave Palestine and Egypt behind us, and pursue our physical observations into the land of Edom, we shall be presented with a variety of prospects, quite different from those we have lately met with in the land of Canaan, or in the field of Zoan; for we cannot here be entertained with pastures clothed with flocks, or with valleys standing thick with corn, or with brooks of water, or fountains, or depths that spring out of valleys and hills, Deuteronomy 8:7 here is no place of seed, or of figs, or of vines, or pomegranates, Numbers 20:5 but the whole is an "evil place", a lonesome desolate wilderness; no otherwise diversified than by plains covered with sand, and by mountains made up of naked rocks and precipices, Malachi 1:3 neither is this country ever (unless sometimes at the equinoxes) refreshed with rain; but the few hardy vegetables it produces are stunted by a perpetual drought; and the nourishment which the dews contribute to them in the night, is sufficiently impaired by the powerful heat of the sun in the day:''
Though this country seems to have been originally more fruitful, and better cultivated, as may be concluded from Genesis 27:39 but is become so through the judgments of God upon it:
for the dragons of the wilderness; so called to distinguish them from sea dragons, or the dragon fish; such as whales and crocodiles, which are sometimes expressed by the same word here used, Genesis 1:21 and these land dragons are no other than serpents of an enormous size. In the Indies they used to be distinguished into three sorts; such as were found in the mountains; such as were bred in caves, or in the flat country; and such as were found in fens and marshes. The first is the largest of all, and are covered with scales as resplendent as polished gold; these have a kind of beard hanging from their lower jaw; their eyebrows large, and very exactly arched; their aspect the most frightful that can be imagined; and their cry loud and shrill; their crest of a bright yellow; and a protuberance on their heads of the colour of a burning coal. Those of the flat country differ from the former in nothing but having their scales of a silver colour, and in their frequenting rivers, to which the former never come. Those that live in marshes and fens are of a dark colour, approaching to a black, move slowly, have no crest, or any rising on their heads p; these creatures commonly inhabit desert places. So Diodorus Siculus q, speaking of Ethiopia, says, it is reported that various kinds of serpents, and of an incredible size, are seen near the desert, had in places inhabited by wild beasts; and Aelianus r describes the dragon as dwelling in woods, and living on poisonous herbs; and preferring a desolate place to cities, and the habitations of men; and when in Scripture it is predicted of countries and cities that they shall become desolate, it is usually observed, that they shall be the dwelling places of dragons, as in
Isaiah 13:22 so here it is foretold that it should be the case of Edom, as it has been, and still continues to be, as appears from the above traveller s; who, passing through some part of this country, says of it,
"vipers, especially in the wilderness of Sin, which might be very properly called "the inheritance of dragons", were very dangerous and troublesome; not only our camels, but the Arabs who attended them, running every moment the risk of being bitten;''
so that, according to the prediction, it is now a place for such creatures. A learned Jew t is of opinion, that not serpents, but jackals, are here meant, which are a sort of wild howling beasts, that live abroad in desolate places; Isaiah 13:22- : but whether they be the one, or the other, it makes for the same purpose, to denote what a desert place Edom would become; since it should be inhabited by such creatures to dwell in, which denotes the utter desolation made. So the Targum renders it, "into the wasteness of the desert"; or into a waste desert, where none but such sort of animals inhabit. The Septuagint and Syriac versions render it, "into the houses", or "cottages, of the desert": and now, though this was the case of Judea, that it was left desolate, yet it was but for a while; at the end of seventy years the Jews returned to their own land, and dwelt in it; but so did not the Edomites, as appears by the following words; which shows the regard God had to the posterity of Jacob, and not to the posterity of Esau.
n See Prideanx's Connexion, par. 2. B. 3. p. 199. o Dr. Shaw's Travels, p. 438. Ed. 2. p Harris's Voyages and Travels, vol. 1. p. 474. q Bibliothec. l. 3. p. 169. r De Animal. l. 6. c. 63. s Dr. Shaw Travels, p. 448. Ed. 2. t Tanchum apud Pocock in loc.
Barnes' Notes on the Bible
And I made his mountains a waste, and his heritage for the jackals of the wilderness - o
Malachi attests the first stage of fulfillment of Joelâs prophecy (Joel 3:19, vol. i. pp. 214, 215), âEdom shall be a desolate wilderness.â In temporal things, Esauâs blessing was identical with Jacobâs; âthe fatness of the earth and of the dew of heaven from above;â and the rich soil on the terraces of its mountain-sides, though yielding nothing now except a wild beautiful vegetation, and its deep glens, attest what they once must have been, when artificially watered and cultivated. The first desolation must have been through Nebuchadnezzar , in his expedition against Egypt, when he subdued Moab and Ammon; and Edom lay in his way, as Jeremiah had foretold Jeremiah 25:9, Jeremiah 25:21.
Clarke's Notes on the Bible
Verse Malachi 1:3. And I hated Esau — I have shown him less love; Genesis 29:30-31. I comparatively hated him by giving him an inferior lot. And now, I have not only laid waste the dwelling-place of the Edomites, by the incursions of their enemies; but (Malachi 1:4) they shall remain the perpetual monuments of my vengeance. On the subject of loving Jacob and hating Esau, see the notes on Genesis 27:21-46, and Romans 9:13. Let it be remembered,
1. That there is not a word spoken here concerning the eternal state of either Jacob or Esau.
2. That what is spoken concerns merely their earthly possessions. And,
3. That it does not concern the two brothers at all, but the posterity of each.
