the First Week of Lent
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King James Version
Job 15:26
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- InternationalParallel Translations
He rushes headlong at himwith his thick, studded shields.
He runs at him with a stiff neck, With the thick shields of his bucklers;
running stubbornly against him with a thickly bossed shield;
They stubbornly charge at God with thick, strong shields.
defiantly charging against him with a thick, strong shield!
Running and charging headlong against Him With his ornamented and massive shield;
"He rushes headlong at Him With his massive shield.
He runs at him with a stiff neck, With the thick shields of his bucklers;
Therefore God shall runne vpon him, euen vpon his necke, and against the most thicke part of his shielde.
He rushes headlong at HimWith his massive shield.
rushing headlong at Him with his thick, studded shield.
and have attacked him with their weapons.
running against him with head held high and thickly ornamented shield.
He runneth against him, with [outstretched] neck, with the thick bosses of his bucklers;
like a soldier with a thick, strong shield who runs at his enemy to strike him in the neck.
He runs against him proudly, and strangles him, with the multitudes of his shields;
They are proud and rebellious; they stubbornly hold up their shields and rush to fight against God.
he stubbornly runs against him with his thick-bossed shield.
He runs at Him with a stiff neck, with the thick layers of his shields,
He runneth proudly vpon him, & with a stiff necke fighteth he agaynst him:
He runneth upon him with a stiff neck, With the thick bosses of his bucklers;
Running against him like a man of war, covered by his thick breastplate; even like a king ready for the fight,
He runneth upon him with a stiff neck, with the thick bosses of his bucklers.
He runneth vpon him, euen on his necke, vpon the thicke bosses of his bucklers:
He runneth proudly vpon him, & with a stiffe necke fighteth he against him.
And he has run against him with insolence, on the thickness of the back of his shield.
He runneth upon him with a stiff neck, with the thick bosses of his bucklers:
He ran with neck reisid ayens God, and he was armed with fat nol.
He runs on him with a [stiff] neck, With the thick bosses of his bucklers;
He runneth upon him, [even] on [his] neck, upon the thick bosses of his bucklers:
Running stubbornly against Him With his strong, embossed shield.
Holding their strong shields, they defiantly charge against him.
He rushes in pride against Him with his big battle-covering.
running stubbornly against him with a thick-bossed shield;
He used to run against him with uplifted neck, with the stout bosses of his bucklers;
He hath run against him with his neck raised up, and is armed with a fat neck.
running stubbornly against him with a thick-bossed shield;
He runneth unto Him with a neck, With thick bosses of his shields.
"He rushes headlong at Him With his massive shield.
Contextual Overview
Bible Verse Review
from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge
runneth: 2 Chronicles 28:22, 2 Chronicles 32:13-17
even on: Job 16:12, Genesis 49:8, Psalms 18:40
Reciprocal: Exodus 9:17 - General Judges 20:14 - General 2 Kings 1:13 - he sent again 2 Kings 18:35 - that the Lord 2 Chronicles 13:12 - fight ye 2 Chronicles 32:16 - yet 2 Chronicles 32:19 - spake Job 33:13 - strive Isaiah 36:20 - that the Lord Isaiah 37:29 - rage John 12:10 - General
Gill's Notes on the Bible
He runneth upon him, [even] on [his] neck,.... As a fierce and furious enemy runs upon another with great wrath and fury; as the he goat in Daniel's vision ran upon the ram, in the fury of his power, that is, Alexander upon Darius; which instance Bar Tzemach refers to; and as an adversary, who throws down his weapons, and goes in to closer quarters, and takes his antagonist by the throat, or round the neck, in order to throw him down to the ground; in such a bold and insolent manner does the wicked man encounter with God; he makes up to him, and flies in his face, and most audaciously attacks him: or he runs upon him "with [his] neck" y; with a stretched out neck, in the most haughty manner, with a neck like an iron sinew, and with a brow like brass:
upon the thick bosses of his bucklers; alluding to shields, embossed in the middle, where they are thicker than in the other parts, and used to have a spike of iron set in the middle; so that it was daring and dangerous to run upon them: these may design the perfections of God, denied by the wicked man; or his providential dispensations, despised by him; or his purposes and decrees ridiculed, replied unto, and disputed; or the flaming sword of justice, and the curses of a righteous law, in defiance of which wicked men go on in sin: or "with the bosses of his bucklers" z; with all his family, as Schmidt; or employing all his wealth and riches, his power and authority, against God, and the interest of religion in the world. Some understand this of God, meeting the wicked man, stretching out his hand, and strengthening himself against him, as if he, God, ran upon the wicked man, and upon his neck, and took him by it, and shook him; as in Job 16:12; and upon the thick bosses of his buckler, his bones and nerves, as Mr. Broughton; or on his power and wealth, which are not able to secure him from the vengeance of the Almighty; but the former sense seems best.
y בצואר "erecto collo", V. L. Piscator; "duro collo", Drusius, Michaelis; "cum cervice", Cocceius, Schmidt, Schultens. z בעבי גבי מגניו "cum erassitie umbonum clypeorum suorum", Cocceius; so Schmidt, Michaelis, Schultens.
Barnes' Notes on the Bible
He runneth upon him - That is, upon God. The image here is taken from the mode in which people rushed into battle. It was with a violent concussion, and usually with a shout, that they might intimidate their foes, and overcome them at first, with the violence of the shock. The mode of warfare is now changed, and it is the vaunted excellency of modern warfare that armies now go deliberately and calmly to put each other to death.
Even “on his neck - literally, “with the neck” - בצואר betsavā'r. Vulgate, “With erect neck - erecto collo.” Septuagint, contemptuously, or with pride - ὕβρει hubrei. The idea seems to be, not that he ran “upon the neck” of his adversary - as would seem to be implied in our translation - but that he ran in a firm, haughty, confident manner; with a head erect and firm, as the indication of self confidence, and a determined purpose to overcome his foe. See Schultens in loc.
Upon the thick bosses - The word boss with us means a knob - a protuberant ornament of silver, brass, or ivory on a harness or a bridle; then a protuberant part, a prominence, or a round or swelling body of any kind. The Hebrew word used here (גב gab) means properly anything gibbous, convex, arched; and hence, “the back” - as of animals. Applied to a shield, it means the convex part or the back of it - the part which was presented to an enemy, and which was made swelling and strong, called by the Greeks ὀμφαλὸς omfalos, or μεσομφάλιον mesomfalion. Gesenius supposes that the metaphor here is taken from soldiers, who joined their shields together, and thus rushed upon an enemy. This was one mode of ancient warfare, when an army or a phalanx united their shields in front, so that nothing could penetrate them, or so united them over their heads when approaching a fortress, that they could safely march under them as a covering.
This, among the Romans and Greeks, was commonly practiced when approaching a besieged town. One form of the testudo - the χελώη στρατιωτῶν chelōnē stratiōtōn of the Greeks, was formed by the soldiers, pressed close together and holding their shields over their heads in such a manner as to form a compact covering. John H. Eschenburg, Manual of Classical Literature. by N. W. Fiske, pt. III, section 147. The Vulgate renders this, “and he is armed with a fat neck” - pingui cervice armatus est. Schultens expresses the idea that is adopted by Gesenius, and refers to Arabic customs to show that shields were thus united in defending an army from a foe, or in making an attack on them. He says, also, that it is a common expression - a proverb - among the Arabs, “he turns the back of his shield” to denote that one is an adversary; and quotes a passage from Hamasa, “When a friend meets me with base suspicions, I turn to him the back of my shield - a proverb, whose origin is derived from the fact, that a warrior turns the back of his shield to his foes.”
Paxton supposes that the expression here is taken from single combat, which early prevailed. But the idea here is not that which our translation would seem to convey. It is not that he rushes upon or against the hard or thick shield “of the Almighty” - and that, therefore, he must meet resistance and be overcome: it is that he rushes upon God with his own shield. He puts himself in the attitude of a warrior. He turns the boss of his own shield against God, and becomes his antagonist. He is his enemy. The omission of the word “with” in the passage - or the preposition which is in the Hebrew (ב b) has led to this erroneous translation. The passage is often quoted in a popular manner to denote that the sinner rushes upon God, “and must meet resistance” from his shield, or be overcome. It should be quoted only to denote that the sinner places himself in an attitude of opposition to God, and is his enemy.
Of his bucklers - Of his shields (מגניו megı̂nāy), that is, of the shields which the sinner has; not the shields of God. The shield was a well-known instrument of war, usually made with a rim of wood or metal, and covered with skins, and carried on the left arm; see the notes at Isaiah 21:5. The outer surface was made rounding from the center to the edge, and was smoothly polished, so that darts or arrows would glide off and not penetrate.
Clarke's Notes on the Bible
Verse Job 15:26. He runneth upon him. — Calmet has properly observed that this refers to GOD, who, like a mighty conquering hero, marches against the ungodly, rushes upon him, seizes him by the throat, which the mail by which it is encompassed cannot protect; neither his shield nor spear can save him when the Lord of hosts comes against him.
