Isaiah 65:4

Christian Standard Bible ®

sitting among the graves,spending nights in secret places,eating the meat of pigs,and putting polluted broth in their bowls.

Parallel Translations

Hebrew Names Version
who sit among the graves, and lodge in the secret places; who eat pig's flesh, and broth of abominable things is in their vessels;

King James Version
Which remain among the graves, and lodge in the monuments, which eat swine's flesh, and broth of abominable things is in their vessels;

English Standard Version
who sit in tombs, and spend the night in secret places; who eat pig's flesh, and broth of tainted meat is in their vessels;

New American Standard Bible
Who sit among graves and spend the night in secret places; Who eat pig's flesh, And the broth of unclean meat is in their pots.

New Century Version
They sit among the graves and spend their nights waiting to get messages from the dead. They eat the meat of pigs, and their pots are full of soup made from meat that is wrong to eat.

Amplified Bible
Who sit among the graves [trying to conjure up evil spirits] and spend the night in the secret places [where spirits are thought to dwell]; Who eat swine's flesh, And their pots hold the broth of unclean meat;

World English Bible
who sit among the graves, and lodge in the secret places; who eat pig's flesh, and broth of abominable things is in their vessels;

Geneva Bible (1587)
Which remaine among the graues, and lodge in the desarts, which eate swines flesh, and the broth of things polluted are in their vessels.

Legacy Standard Bible
Who sit among graves and spend the night in secret places,Who eat swine's flesh,And the broth of offensive meat is in their pots,

Berean Standard Bible
sitting among the graves, spending nights in secret places, eating the meat of pigs and polluted broth from their bowls.

Contemporary English Version
They spend their nights hiding in burial caves; they eat the meat of pigs, cooked in sauces made of stuff unfit to eat.

Complete Jewish Bible
They sit among the graves and spend the night in caverns; they eat pig meat and their pots hold soup made from disgusting things.

Darby Translation
who sit down among the graves, and lodge in the secret places; who eat swine's flesh, and broth of abominable things [is in] their vessels;

Easy-to-Read Version
They sit among the graves, waiting to get messages from the dead. They eat the meat of pigs, and their pots are full of soup made from unclean meat.

George Lamsa Translation
Who sit in tombs and lodge in caves, who eat swines flesh and pollute their vessels with unclean carcasses; to break the law and to defile the holy covenant, that they may provoke the LORD.

Good News Translation
At night they go to caves and tombs to consult the spirits of the dead. They eat pork and drink broth made from meat offered in pagan sacrifices.

Lexham English Bible
who sit in graves and spend the night in secret places, who eat the flesh of swine with a fragment of impurity in their vessels,

Literal Translation
who sit among the graves and lodge in the towers; who eat swine's flesh, and broth of unclean things in their pots;

Miles Coverdale Bible (1535)
they lurck amonge the graues, and lie in the dennes all night. They eate swyne flesh, and vnclene broth is in their vessels.

American Standard Version
that sit among the graves, and lodge in the secret places; that eat swine's flesh, and broth of abominable things is in their vessels;

Bible in Basic English
Who are seated in the resting-places of the dead, and by night are in the secret places; who take pig's flesh for food, and have the liquid of disgusting things in their vessels.

JPS Old Testament (1917)
That sit among the graves, and lodge in the vaults; that eat swine's flesh, and broth of abominable things is in their vessels;

King James Version (1611)
Which remaine among the graues, and lodge in the monuments, which eate swines flesh, and broth of abominable things is in their vessels:

Bishop's Bible (1568)
They lurke among the groues, and lye in the dennes all night: they eate swines fleshe, and vncleane broth is in their vessels.

Brenton's Septuagint (LXX)
They lie down to sleep in the tombs and in the caves for the sake of dreams, even they that eat swine’s flesh, and the broth of their sacrifices: all their vessels are defiled:

English Revised Version
which sit among the graves, and lodge in the secret places; which eat swine's flesh, and broth of abominable things is in their vessels;

Wycliffe Bible (1395)
whiche dwellen in sepulcris, and slepen in the templis of idols; whiche eten swynes fleisch, and vnhooli iwisch is in the vessels of hem;

Update Bible Version
that sit among the graves, and lodge in the secret places; that eat swine's flesh, and broth of contaminated things is in their vessels;

Webster's Bible Translation
Which remain among the graves, and lodge in the monuments, which eat swine's flesh, and broth of abominable [things is in] their vessels;

New English Translation
They sit among the tombs and keep watch all night long. They eat pork, and broth from unclean sacrificial meat is in their pans.

New King James Version
Who sit among the graves, And spend the night in the tombs; Who eat swine's flesh, And the broth of abominable things is in their vessels;

New Living Translation
At night they go out among the graves, worshiping the dead. They eat the flesh of pigs and make stews with other forbidden foods.

New Life Bible
They sit among graves, and spend the night in secret places. They eat the flesh of pigs, and have boiled meat that is unclean in their pots.

New Revised Standard
who sit inside tombs, and spend the night in secret places; who eat swine's flesh, with broth of abominable things in their vessels;

J.B. Rotherham Emphasized Bible
Who tarry among groves, And in the secret places, do lodge, Who eat the flesh of swine, And the broth of refuse things is in their vessels, -

Douay-Rheims Bible
That dwell in sepulchres, and sleep in the temple of idols: that eat swine’s flesh, and profane broth is in their vessels.

Revised Standard Version
who sit in tombs, and spend the night in secret places; who eat swine's flesh, and broth of abominable things is in their vessels;

Young's Literal Translation
Who are dwelling among sepulchres, And lodge in reserved places, Who are eating flesh of the sow, And a piece of abominable things -- their vessels.

New American Standard Bible (1995)
Who sit among graves and spend the night in secret places; Who eat swine's flesh, And the broth of unclean meat is in their pots.

Contextual Overview

¹“I was sought by those who did not ask; ²I spread out my hands all day longto a rebellious peoplewho walk in the path that is not good,following their own thoughts. ³These people continually anger meto my face,sacrificing in gardens,burning incense on bricks, ⁴sitting among the graves,spending nights in secret places,eating the meat of pigs,and putting polluted broth in their bowls.⁵They say, ‘Keep to yourself,don’t come near me, for I am too holy for you!’These practices are smoke in my nostrils,a fire that burns all day long. ⁶Look, it is written in front of me:I will not keep silent, but I will repay;I will repay them fully ⁷for your iniquities and the iniquitiesof your fathers together,”says the Lord.“Because they burned incense on the mountainsand reproached me on the hills,I will reward them fullyfor their former deeds.”

Bible Verse Review
  from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge

remain: Numbers 19:11, Numbers 19:16-20, Deuteronomy 18:11, Matthew 8:28, Mark 5:2-5, Luke 8:27

which eat: Isaiah 66:3, Isaiah 66:17, Leviticus 11:7, Deuteronomy 14:8

broth: or, pieces, Exodus 23:19, Exodus 34:26, Deuteronomy 14:3, Deuteronomy 14:21, Ezekiel 4:14

Reciprocal: Leviticus 7:18 - an abomination Leviticus 14:41 - into an unclean place Leviticus 19:7 - abominable 1 Kings 14:22 - they provoked 1 Kings 21:26 - very abominably 2 Kings 16:4 - on the hills 2 Chronicles 15:8 - abominable idols Ezekiel 6:13 - upon Matthew 8:30 - an Mark 5:3 - General Mark 5:11 - herd Luke 8:32 - there an 1 Peter 4:3 - and

Gill's Notes on the Bible

Which remain among the graves,.... In order to practise necromancy, to consult the dead, where they imagined demons and departed spirits haunted, and of whom they fancied they might get knowledge of future things:

and lodge in the monuments: whole nights for the same purposes. The Vulgate Latin version is, "that sleep in the temples of idols"; after the manner of the Heathens, who used to sleep there in order to obtain dreams, whereby they might be able to foretell things to come, as they did in the temple of Aesculapius; or, "in desolate places" k, as Kimchi and Ben Melech interpret it; where they expected to meet with demons and noxious spirits, to give them knowledge of things to come. The Targum paraphrases both clauses thus,

"who dwell in houses built of the dust of graves, and lodge with the corpse of the children of men;''

so corpse, according to Jarchi, are expressed by this word, which signifies "kept", or "preserved" l, as in Isaiah 49:6, because they are put in a strait place, from whence they cannot get out; though some think idols are meant, called so by way of derision, because kept for fear of being stolen, or because they cannot keep themselves, nor their votaries:

which eat swine's flesh; forbidden by the law, Leviticus 11:7:

and broth of abominable things is in their vessels; or "pots": broth made of swine's flesh, and of other sorts of flesh which were unclean by the law. Our version follows the marginal m reading; as do the Targum, Aben Ezra, Jarchi, and Kimchi; but the written text is, "a fragment" n, or piece, or pieces, of abominable things; both may be retained in the sense of the passage; slices of flesh unclean, and so abominable by the law, were put into their pots and stewed, and made broth of, which they drank. Spencer o thinks the milk in which kids were boiled is meant, which the Zabians kept in vessels, and sprinkled on the trees in their gardens, to make them more fruitful; hence mention is made of idolatrous practices in gardens, in the preceding verse.

k "In desertis locis", Munster, Pagninus. l בנצורים "apud custodita", Junius Tremellius "custoditos", Piscator. m מרק "jusculum". n פרק "fragmentum". o De Legibus Hebr. I. 2. c. 8. sect. 2. p. 275.

Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Which remain among the graves - That is, evidently for purposes of necromancy and divination. They do it to appear to hold converse with the dead, and to receive communications from them. The idea in necromancy was, that departed spirits must be acquainted with future events, or at least with the secret things of the invisible world where they dwelt, and that certain persons, by various arts, could become intimate with them, or ‘familiar’ with them, and, by obtaining their secrets, be able to communicate important truths to the living. It seems to have been supposed that this acquaintance might be increased by lodging in the tombs and among the monuments, that they might thus be near to the dead, and have more intimate communion with them (compare the notes at Isaiah 8:19-20). It is to be recollected, that tombs among the ancients, and especially in Oriental countries, were commonly excavations from the sides of hills, or frequently were large caves. Such places would furnish spacious lodgings for those who chose to reside there, and were, in fact, often resorted to by those who had no houses, and by robbers (see Matthew 8:28; Mark 5:3).

And lodge in the monuments - Evidently for some purpose of superstition and idolatry. There is, however, some considerable variety in the exposition of the word rendered here ‘monuments,’ as well as in regard to the whole passage. The word rendered ‘lodge’ (ילינוּ yâliynû), means properly to pass the night, and refers not to a permanent dwelling in any place, but to remaining over night; and the probability is, that they went to the places referred to, to sleep - in order that they might receive communications in their dreams from idols, by being near them, or in order that they might have communication with departed spirits. The word rendered ‘monuments’ (נצוּרים netsûrı̂ym) is derived from נצר nâtsar, to watch, to guard, to keep; then to keep from view, to hide - and means properly hidden recesses; and dark and obscure retreats. It may be applied either to the adyta or secret places of pagan temples where their oracles were consulted and many of their rites were performed; or it may be applied to sepulchral caverns, the dark and hidden places where the dead were buried. The Septuagint renders it, ‘They sleep in tombs and in caves (ἐν τοῖς σπηλαίοις en tois spēlaiois) for the purpose of dreaming’ (διὰ ἐνύπνια dia enupnia); in allusion to the custom of sleeping in the temples, or near the oracles of their gods, for the purpose of obtaining from them communications by dreams. This custom is not unfrequently alluded to by the ancient writers. An instance of this kind occurs in Virgil:

- huc dona sacerdos

Cum tulit, et caesarum ovium sub nocte silenti

Pellibus incubuit stratis, somnosque petivit:

Multa modis simulacra videt volitantia miris,

Et varias audit voces, fruiturque Deorum,

Colloquio, atque imis Acheronta affatur Avernis.

AEaeid, vii. 86-91.

‘Here in distress the Italian nations come,

Anxious to clear their doubts and earn their doom;

First on the fleeces of the slaughter’d sheep,

By night the sacred priest dissolves in sleep;

When in a train before his slumbering eye,

Their airy forms and wondrous visions fly:

He calls the powers who guard the infernal floods,

And talks inspired familiar with the gods.’

Pitt

In the temples of Serapis and AEsculapius, it was common for the sick and infirm who came there to be cured, to sleep there, with the belief that the proper remedy would be communicated by dreams. ‘The following places may also be referred to as illustrating this custom: Pausan. Phoc. 31; Cic. Divin. i. 43; Strabo vi. 3, 9; S. H. Meibom. De incubatione in fanta Deorum olim facta. Helmst. 1659, 4. Lowth and Noyes render it, ‘In caverns.’ The Chaldee renders it, ‘Who dwelt in houses which are built of the dust of sepulchres, and abide with the dead bodies of dead people.’ There can be no doubt that the prophet here alludes to some such custom of sleeping in the tombs, for the alleged purpose of conversing with the dead, or in temples for the purpose of communion with the idols by dreams, or with the expectation that they would receive responses by dreams (compare the notes at Isaiah 14:9)

Which eat swine’s flesh - This was expressly forbidden by the Jewish law Leviticus 11:7, and is held in abomination by the Jews now. Yet the flesh of the swine was freely eaten by the pagan; and when the Jews conformed to their customs in other respects, they doubtless forgot also the law commanding a distinction to be made in meats. Antiochus Epiphanes compelled the Jews to eat swine’s flesh as a token of their submission, and of their renouncing their religion. The case of Eleazer, who chose to die as a martyr, rather than give such a proof that he had renounced his religion, and who preferred death rather than to dissemble, is recorded in 2 Macc. 6:19-31. See also the affecting case of the mother and her seven sons, who all died in a similar manner, in 2 Macc. 7. Yet it seems that, in the time of Isaiah, they had no such devotedness to their national religion. They freely conformed to the nations around them, and thus gave public demonstration that they disregarded the commands of Yahweh. It is also to be observed, that swine were often sacrificed by the pagan, and were eaten in their feasts in honor of idols. The crime here referred to, therefore, was not merely that of partaking of the flesh, but it was that of joining with the pagan in idolatrous sacrifices. Thus Ovid says:

Prima Ceres avidae gavisa est sanguine porcae,

Ulta suas merita caede nocentis opes.

Fastor, i. 349

So Horace:

- immolet aequis

Hic porcum Laribus -

Serm. ii. 164

Thus, Varro (De Re Rustic. ii. 4), says ‘The swine is called in Greek ὗς hus (formerly θῦς thus), and was so called from the word which signifies to sacrifice (θύειν thuein), for the swine seem first to have been used in sacrifices. Of this custom we have vestiges in the fact, that the first sacrifices to Ceres are of the swine; and that in the beginning of peace, when a treaty is made, a hog is sacrificed; and that in the beginning of marriage contracts in Etruria, the new wife and the new husband first sacrifice a hog. The primitive Latins, and also the Greeks in Italy, seem to have done the same thing.’ Spencer (De Leg. Heb i. 7) supposes that this was done often in caves and dark recesses, and that the prophet refers to this custom here. If this view be correct, then the offence consisted not merely in eating swine’s flesh, but in eating it in connection with sacrifices, or joining with the pagan in their idolatrous worship.

And broth of abominable things - Margin, ‘Pieces.’ Lowth says that this was for ‘lustrations, magical arts, and other superstitious and abominable practices.’ The word rendered here ‘broth,’ and in the margin ‘pieces’ (פרק pârâq), is derived from the verb פרק pâraq, to break (whence the Latin frango; the Goth. brikan; the Germ. breoken; and the English break), and means that which is broken, or a fragment; and hence, broth or soup, from the fragments or crumbs of bread over which the broth is poured. The Septuagint renders this, ‘And all their vessels are polluted.’ It is not improbable that the broth or soup used here was in some way employed in arts of incantation or necromancy. Compare Shakespeare’s account of the witches in Macbeth:

1. Witch: Where hast thou been, sister?

2. Witch: Killing swine.

Act i. Sc. 3.

Hec: Your vessels and your spells provide,

Your charms, and everything beside.

Act iii. Sc. 5.

1. Witch: Round about the caldron go,

In the poison’d entrails throw,

Toad that under the cold stone,

Days and nights hath thirty-one,

Fillet of a finny snake,

In the caldron boil and bake,

Eye of newt, and toe of frog,

Wool of bat, and tongue of dog,

Adder’s fork, and blind worm’s sting,

Lizard’s leg, and howlet’s wing,

For a charm of powerful trouble,

Like a hell-broth boil and bubble.

Act iv. Sc. 1.

It seems probable that some such magical incantations were used in the time of Isaiah. Such things are known to have been practiced in regions of idolatry (see Marco Polo, De Region. Orient., iii. 24). ‘When the priests of the idol,’ says he, ‘wish to engage in sacred things, they call the consecrated girls, and with them, in the presence of the idols, they engage in the dance, and sing aloud. These girls bear with them vessels of food, which they place on the table before the idols, and they entreat the gods to eat of the food, and particularly they pour out broth made of flesh before them, that they may appease them.’ The whole scene here described by the prophet is one connected with idolatry and magical incantations; and the prophet means to rebuke them for having forsaken God and fallen into all the abominable and stupid arts of idolaters. It was not merely that they had eaten the flesh of swine, or that they had made broth of unclean meats - which would have been minor, though real offences - it was that they had fallen into all the abominable practices connected with idolatry and necromancy.

Clarke's Notes on the Bible

Verse Isaiah 65:4. Which remain among the graves — "For the purpose of evoking the dead. They lodged in desert places that demons might appear to them; for demons do appear in such places, to those who do believe in them." - Kimchi.

In the monuments - "In the caverns"] בנצורים bannetsurim, a word of doubtful signification. An ancient MS. has בצורים batstsurim, another בצרים batstsurim, "in the rocks;" and Le Clec thinks the Septuagint had it so in their copy. They render it by εν τοις στηλαιοις, "in the caves."

Which eat swine's flesh — This was expressly forbidden by the law, Leviticus 11:7, but among the heathen was in principal request in their sacrifices and feasts. Antiochus Epiphanes compelled the Jews to eat swine's flesh, as a full proof of their renouncing their religion, 2Mac. 6:18; 7:1. "And the broth of abominable meats," for lustrations, magical arts, and other superstitious and abominable practices.

In their vessels — For כליהם keleyhem, a MS. had at first בכליהם bichleyhem. So the Vulgate and Chaldee, (and the preposition seems necessary to the sense,) "in their vessels."