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¹ Here is a tragedy I have observed under the sun,^(C1) and it weighs heavily on humanity:^{(F1) 2} God gives a person riches, wealth, and honor^(C1) so that he lacks nothing of all he desires for himself,^(C2) but God does not allow him to enjoy them. Instead, a stranger will enjoy them. This is futile and a sickening tragedy. ³ A man may father a hundred children and live many years. No matter how long he lives,^(F1) if he is not satisfied by good things and does not even have a proper burial,^(C1) I say that a stillborn child is better off than he.^{(C2) 4} For he comes in futility and he goes in darkness, and his name is shrouded in darkness. ⁵ Though a stillborn child does not see the sun and is not conscious, it has more rest than he. ⁶ And if a person lives a thousand years twice, but does not experience happiness, do not both go to the same place?

⁸ What advantage then does the wise person have over the fool?^(C1) What advantage is there for the poor person who knows how to conduct himself before others? ⁹ Better what the eyes see than wandering desire.^(C1) This too is futile and a pursuit of the wind.^(F1)(C2)

¹⁰ Whatever exists was given its name long ago,^(F1)(C1) and it is known what mankind is. But he is not able to contend with the one stronger than he.^{(C2) 11} For when there are many words, they increase futility.^(C1) What is the advantage for mankind? ¹² For who knows what is good for anyone in life, in the few days of his futile life that he spends like a shadow?^(C1) Who can tell anyone what will happen after him under the sun?