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Complete Jewish Bible
Exodus 14:22
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The children of Yisra'el went into the midst of the sea on the dry ground, and the waters were a wall to them on their right hand, and on their left.
And the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea upon the dry ground: and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left.
And the Israelites entered the middle of the sea on the dry land. The waters were a wall for them on their right and on their left.
and the Israelites went through the sea on dry land, with a wall of water on their right and on their left.
So the Israelites went through the middle of the sea on dry ground, the water forming a wall for them on their right and on their left.
The Israelites went into the middle of the sea on dry land, and the waters formed a wall to them on their right hand and on their left.
So the sons of Israel went through the midst of the sea on the dry land, and the waters were like a wall to them on their right and on their left.
Then the children of Israel went through the middes of the Sea vpon the drie ground, and the waters were a wall vnto them on their right hand, and on their left hand.
So the sons of Israel went through the midst of the sea on the dry land, and the waters were a wall to them on their right hand and on their left.
and the Israelites walked through on dry land with a wall of water on each side.
And the children of Israel went through the midst of the sea on the dry [ground]; and the waters were a wall to them on their right hand and on their left.
The Israelites went through the sea on dry land. The water was like a wall on their right and on their left.
And the people of Israel went into the midst of the sea on dry ground, the waters being a wall to them on their right hand and on their left.
And the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea on the dry ground; and the waters were like a wall to them on their right hand and on their left.
and the Israelites went through the sea on dry ground, with walls of water on both sides.
and the Israelites went through the sea on dry ground, with the waters like a wall to them on their right and their left.
And the sons of Israel came into the middle of the sea on dry ground, the waters being a wall to them from their right and from their left.
And the children of Israel wente in thorow the middest of ye see vpon the drye grounde: and ye water was vnto them as a wall, vpon their right hande & vpo their lefte.
And the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea upon the dry ground: and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left.
And the children of Israel went through the sea on dry land: and the waters were a wall on their right side and on their left.
And the children of Israel went into the middest of the sea vppon the drye [grounde,] and the waters were a wall vnto them on their ryght hande and on their left hande.
And the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea upon the dry ground; and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left.
And the children of Israel went into the midst of the Sea vpon the dry ground, and the waters were a wall vnto them on their right hand, and on their left.
And the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea on the dry land, and the water of it was a wall on the right hand and a wall on the left.
And the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea upon the dry ground: and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left.
and the Israelites went through the sea on dry ground, with walls of water on their right and on their left.
And the sones of Israel entriden by the myddis of the drye see; for the watir was as a wal at the riyt side and left side of hem.
and the sons of Israel go into the midst of the sea, on dry land, and the waters [are] to them a wall, on their right and on their left.
And the sons of Israel went into the midst of the sea on the dry ground: and the waters were a wall to them on their right hand, and on their left.
And the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea upon the dry [ground]: and the waters [were] a wall to them on their right hand, and on their left.
The children of Israel went into the midst of the sea on the dry ground, and the waters were a wall to them on their right hand, and on their left.
So the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea on the dry ground, and the waters were a wall to them on their right hand and on their left.
So the people of Israel walked through the middle of the sea on dry ground, with walls of water on each side!
And the people of Israel went through the sea on dry land. The waters were like a wall to them on their right and on their left.
The Israelites went into the sea on dry ground, the waters forming a wall for them on their right and on their left.
Then went the sons of Israel into the midst of the sea on the dry ground, - and, the waters, to them, were a wall, on their right hand and on their left.
And the children of Israel went in through the midst of the sea dried up; for the water was as a wall on their right hand and on their left.
And the people of Israel went into the midst of the sea on dry ground, the waters being a wall to them on their right hand and on their left.
The Israelites walked through the sea on dry ground with the waters a wall to the right and to the left. The Egyptians came after them in full pursuit, every horse and chariot and driver of Pharaoh racing into the middle of the sea. It was now the morning watch. God looked down from the Pillar of Fire and Cloud on the Egyptian army and threw them into a panic. He clogged the wheels of their chariots; they were stuck in the mud. The Egyptians said, "Run from Israel! God is fighting on their side and against Egypt!"
The sons of Israel went through the midst of the sea on the dry land, and the waters were like a wall to them on their right hand and on their left.
Contextual Overview
Bible Verse Review
from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge
the children: Exodus 14:29, Exodus 15:19, Numbers 33:8, Psalms 66:6, Psalms 78:13, Isaiah 63:13, 1 Corinthians 10:1, Hebrews 11:29
and the waters: This verse demonstrates that this event was wholly miraculous, and cannot be ascribed, as some have supposed, to an extraordinary ebb, which happened just then to be produced by a strong east wind: for this would not have caused the waters, contrary to every law of fluids, to stand as a wall on the right hand and the left.
a wall: Exodus 15:8, Habakkuk 3:8-10, Zechariah 2:5
Reciprocal: Exodus 14:16 - and the Exodus 14:27 - and the sea Joshua 3:17 - all the Israelites 1 Samuel 25:16 - a wall 2 Kings 2:8 - were Nehemiah 9:11 - divide Job 36:30 - and Psalms 68:22 - the depths Psalms 106:9 - He rebuked Psalms 136:13 - General Psalms 136:14 - pass through Isaiah 51:10 - dried Jeremiah 31:35 - which divideth Habakkuk 3:10 - the overflowing Zechariah 10:11 - smite Mark 4:39 - he arose 2 Corinthians 6:7 - on the right
Cross-References
In the fourteenth year K'dorla‘omer and the kings with him came and defeated the Refa'im in ‘Asht'rot-Karnayim, the Zuzim in Ham, the Eimim in Shaveh-Kiryatayim
and the Hori at Se‘ir, their mountain, all the way to Eil-Pa'ran by the desert.
so he blessed him with these words: "Blessed be Avram by El ‘Elyon, maker of heaven of earth.
and blessed be El ‘Elyon, who handed your enemies over to you." Avram gave him a tenth of everything.
that I will not take so much as a thread or a sandal thong of anything that is yours; so that you won't be able to say, ‘I made Avram rich.'
When Avram was 99 years old Adonai appeared to Avram and said to him, "I am El Shaddai [God Almighty]. Walk in my presence and be pure-hearted.
Avraham planted a tamarisk tree in Be'er-Sheva, and there he called on the name of Adonai , the everlasting God.
I will bring you into the land which I swore to give to Avraham, Yitz'chak and Ya‘akov — I will give it to you as your inheritance. I am Adonai .'"
(vi) "‘For I lift up my hand to heaven and swear, "As surely as I am alive forever,
When he saw her, he tore his clothes and said, "Oh, no, my daughter! You're breaking my heart! Why must you be the cause of such pain to me? I made a vow to Adonai , and I can't go back on my word."
Gill's Notes on the Bible
And the children of Israel went into the midst of the sea upon the dry ground,.... Some Jewish writers say c, that the tribe of Judah went in first, and then the other tribes followed; but it is most likely, what Josephus says d, that Moses first entered in, and then the Israelites, encouraged by his example, went in after him; and a very adventurous action it was, and nothing but strong faith in the almighty power and promise of God could have engaged them in it, to which the apostle ascribes it, Hebrews 11:29. It is the opinion of Aben Ezra, and some other Jewish writers, that the Israelites did not pass through the Red sea to the opposite shore, only went some way into it, and took a compass in a semicircle, and came out on the same shore again, and which has been espoused by some Christian writers; and chiefly because they were in the wilderness of Etham before, and from whence they went into it, and when they came out of it, it was still the wilderness of Etham they came into, and went three days' journey into it seeking water; see Exodus 13:20. Though it is possible the wilderness on the opposite shore might bear the same name, because of its likeness to it; and if it was the same wilderness that went round the Arabic gulf, or Red sea, and reached on to the other side of it, and so the wilderness of Etham lay on both sides, the difficulty is removed; for it seems most agreeable to the expressions of Scripture, that the Israelites passed through it from shore to shore. Others, in order to lessen the miracle, would have it that Moses, well knowing the country, and observing the tide, took the advantage of low water, and led the Israelites through it; and this story is told by the Egyptian priests of Memphis, as Artapanus e relates; but were the Egyptians less knowing of their country, and of the tide of the Red sea? and could Moses be sure of the exact time when they would come up to him, and the tide would serve him? Besides, the Egyptian priests at Heliopolis own the miracle, and relate it much as Moses has done; which must proceed from a conviction of the truth of it. And the above historian reports that the king (of Egypt) with a great army, and consecrated animals, pursued the Jews because of the substance they had borrowed of the Egyptians, which they took with them; but Moses being bid by a divine voice (or the voice of God, of Jehovah) to smite the sea with a rod, and hearkening to it, he touched the water with the rod, and so it divided, and his forces passed through a dry path, and the Egyptians attempting the same and pursuing, fire or lightning flashed out against them; and the sea shutting up the path again, partly by fire, and partly by the flow of the water, they all perished: and that this affair was miraculous, and could not be owing to any advantage taken from the tide, the following things have been observed; it is owned that the Red sea ebbs and flows like other seas that have a communication with the ocean, that is, the waters rise towards the shore during six hours, and having continued about a quarter of an hour at high water, ebb down again during another six hours; and it is observed by those who have examined it, that the greatest distance it falls from the place of high water is about three hundred yards; and that during the time of low water, one may safely travel it, as some have actually done; so that those three hundred paces, which the sea leaves uncovered during the time of low water, can continue so but for the space of half an hour at most; for during the first six hours, the sea retires only by degrees, and in less than half an hour it begins again to flow towards the shore. The most therefore that can be allowed, both of time and space of passable ground, in a moderate computation, is about two hundred paces, during six hours, or one hundred and fifty paces, during eight hours. Now it is further observed, that it is plain that a multitude consisting of upwards of two millions and a half of men, women, children, and slaves, encumbered besides with great quantities of cattle, household stuff, and the spoils of the Egyptians, could never perform such a march within so short a time; we may say within even double that space, though we should allow them also double the breadth of ground to do it on. This argument, it is added, will hold good against those who suppose they only coasted along some part of the sea, and those who maintain that they crossed the small arm or point of it which is toward the further end, near the isthmus of Suez; seeing that six or eight hours could not have sufficed for the passage of so immense a multitude, allow them what breadth of room you will; much less for Pharaoh to have entered it with his whole host f: and for the confirmation of the Mosaic account of this affair, and as miraculous, may be observed the testimony of Diodorus Siculus, who reports g that it is a tradition among the Ichthyophagi, who inhabit near the Red sea, or Arabic gulf, which they have received from the report of their ancestors, and is still preserved with them, that upon a great recess of the sea, every place of the gulf became dry, the sea falling to the opposite parts, the bottom appeared green, and returning back with a mighty force, was restored to its place again; which can have reference to nothing else but to this transaction in the time of Moses. And Strabo h relates a very wonderful thing, and such as rarely happens, that on the shore between Tyre and Ptolemais, when they of Ptolemais had a battle with the Emperor Sarpedon at that place, and there being put to flight, a flow of the sea like an inundation covered those that fled, and some were carried into the sea and perished, and others were left dead in hollow places; after a reflux followed, and discovered and showed the bodies of those that lay among the dead fishes. Now learned men have observed i, that what is here said of the sea of Tyre is to be understood of the Red sea, and that Sarpedon is not a proper name, but the same with שר פדון, "Sarphadon", the prince of deliverance, or of the delivered, as Moses was:
and the waters were a wall to them on their right hand and on their left; some of the Jewish Rabbins from Exodus 15:8 have supposed that the waters were frozen as they were drove back by the east wind, and so stood up firm while the Israelites passed through, and then another wind thawed them, which brought them upon the Egyptians; but no doubt this was done by the wonderful interposition of divine power, and perhaps the ministry of angels was made use of, to detain and continue them in this position, until the end was answered. Adrichomius says k, the breadth of the sea was six miles at the passage of the Israelites; but a late traveller l tells us, that the channel between Sdur (or Shur, on the opposite side) and Gibbel Gewoubee, and Attackah (which he supposes was the place of their passage), was nine or ten miles over. Thevenot says m, that during the space of five days he kept along the coast of the Red sea, in going to Mount Sinai, he could not observe it to be anywhere above eight or nine miles over. A later traveller n tells us, that from the fountains of Moses may be plainly seen a wonderful aperture (Pihahiroth; see Exodus 14:2) in the mountains on the other side of the Red sea, through and from which the children of Israel entered into it, when Pharaoh and his host were drowned; which aperture is situated west-southwest from these fountains of Moses, and the breadth of the sea hereabouts, where the children of Israel passed it, is about four or five hours' journey. The Arabic geographer o calls the place Jethren, where Pharaoh and his host were drowned; and represents it as a dangerous place to sail in, and where many ships are lost, and that this rough place is about the space of six miles. A countryman p of ours, who had been in these parts, guesses that the breadth of the place (called by the Mahometans, Kilt el Pharown, the well or pit of Pharaoh) where the Israelites are said to pass through is about six or seven leagues; the difference between these writers may be accounted for by the different places where they suppose this passage was.
c Pirke Elizer, c. 42. d Antiqu. l. 2. c. 16. sect. 2. e Apud Euseb. Praepar. Evangel. l. 9. c. 27. p. 436. f Universal History, vol. 3. p. 392, 393. marg. g Bibliothec. l. 3. p. 174. h Geograph. l. 16. p. 521, 522. i Vid. Scheuchzer. Physic. Sacr. vol. 1. p. 167. k Theatrum Terrae, p. 123, 124. l Dr. Shaw's Travels, p. 314. Edit. 2. m Travels into the Levant, B. 2. ch. 33. p. 175. n A Journal from Grand Cairo, &c. in 1722. p. 13. Edit. 2. o Climat. 3. par. 3. p Pitts's Account of the Mahometans, p. 77.
Barnes' Notes on the Bible
Were a wall unto them - Compare Nahum 3:8. The waters served the purpose of an intrenchment and wall; the people could not be attacked on either flank during the transit; to the north was the water covering the whole district; to the south was the Red Sea.
Clarke's Notes on the Bible
Verse Exodus 14:22. And the waters were a wall unto them on their right and on their left. — This verse demonstrates that the passage was miraculous. Some have supposed that the Israelites had passed through, favoured by an extraordinary ebb, which happened at that time to be produced by a strong wind, which happened just then to blow! Had this been the case, there could not have been waters standing on the right hand and on the left; much less could those waters, contrary to every law of fluids, have stood as a wall on either side while the Israelites passed through, and then happen to become obedient to the laws of gravitation when the Egyptians entered in! An infidel may deny the revelation in toto, and from such we expect nothing better; but to hear those who profess to believe this to be a Divine revelation endeavouring to prove that the passage of the Red Sea had nothing miraculous in it, is really intolerable. Such a mode of interpretation requires a miracle to make itself credible. Poor infidelity! how miserable and despicable are thy shifts!
