Exodus 10:1

Contemporary English Version

The Lord said to Moses: Go back to the king. I have made him and his officials stubborn, so that I could work these miracles.

Parallel Translations

Hebrew Names Version
The LORD said to Moshe, "Go in to Par`oh, for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I may show these my signs in the midst of them,

King James Version
And the Lord said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh: for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I might shew these my signs before him:

Lexham English Bible
And Yahweh said to Moses, "Go to Pharaoh, for I have made his heart insensitive and the heart of his servants in order to put these signs of mine in his midst,

New Century Version
The Lord said to Moses, "Go to the king of Egypt. I have made him and his officers stubborn so I could show them my powerful miracles.

New English Translation
The Lord said to Moses, "Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the heart of his servants, in order to display these signs of mine before him,

Amplified Bible
Then the LORD said to Moses, "Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the heart of his servants [making them determined and unresponsive], so that I may exhibit My signs [of divine power] among them,

New American Standard Bible
Then the LORD said to Moses, "Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the heart of his servants, so that I may perform these signs of Mine among them,

Geneva Bible (1587)
Againe the Lorde saide vnto Moses, Goe to Pharaoh: for I haue hardened his heart, and the heart of his seruants, that I might worke these my miracles in the middes of his realme,

Legacy Standard Bible
Then Yahweh said to Moses, "Come to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the heart of his servants with firmness, that I may set these signs of Mine among them,

Complete Jewish Bible
Adonai said to Moshe, "Go to Pharaoh, for I have made him and his servants hardhearted, so that I can demonstrate these signs of mine among them,

Darby Translation
And Jehovah said to Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh; for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his bondmen, that I might do these my signs in their midst,

Easy-to-Read Version
The Lord said to Moses, "Go to Pharaoh. I have made him and his officials stubborn. I did this so that I could show them my powerful miracles.

English Standard Version
Then the Lord said to Moses, "Go in to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the heart of his servants, that I may show these signs of mine among them,

George Lamsa Translation
AND the LORD said to Moses, Go in to Pharaoh; for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his servants, that I may perform these signs among them,

Good News Translation
Then the Lord said to Moses, "Go and see the king. I have made him and his officials stubborn, in order that I may perform these miracles among them

Christian Standard Bible®
Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his officials so that I may do these miraculous signs of mine among them,

Literal Translation
And Jehovah said to Moses, Go in to Pharaoh, for I have made his heart heavy and the heart of his servants, so that I may set these signs of Mine in their midst;

Miles Coverdale Bible (1535)
And the LORDE saide vnto Moses: Go in vnto Pharao, for I haue hardened his hert & the hertes of his seruautes, yt I might do these my tokes amonge the,

American Standard Version
And Jehovah said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh: for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I may show these my signs in the midst of them,

Bible in Basic English
And the Lord said to Moses, Go in to Pharaoh: for I have made his heart and the hearts of his servants hard, so that I may let my signs be seen among them:

Bishop's Bible (1568)
And the Lorde sayde vnto Moyses, go in vnto Pharao: for I haue hardened his heart, & the heart of his seruauntes, that I might shewe these my signes before hym,

JPS Old Testament (1917)
And the LORD said unto Moses: 'Go in unto Pharaoh; for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I might show these My signs in the midst of them;

King James Version (1611)
And the Lord said vnto Moses, Goe in vnto Pharaoh: for I haue hardned his heart, and the heart of his seruants, that I might shew these my signes before him:

Brenton's Septuagint (LXX)
And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, Go in to Pharao: for I have hardened his heart and the heart of his servants, that these signs may come upon them; in order

English Revised Version
And the LORD said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh: for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I might shew these my signs in the midst of them:

Berean Standard Bible
Then the LORD said to Moses, "Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his officials, that I may perform these miraculous signs of Mine among them,

Wycliffe Bible (1395)
And the Lord seide to Moises, Entre thou to Farao, for Y haue maad hard the herte of hym, and of hise seruauntis, that Y do these signes `of me in hym;

Young's Literal Translation
And Jehovah saith unto Moses, `Go in unto Pharaoh, for I have declared hard his heart, and the heart of his servants, so that I set these My signs in their midst,

Update Bible Version
And Yahweh said to Moses, Go in to Pharaoh: for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his slaves, that I may show these signs of mine in his midst,

Webster's Bible Translation
And the LORD said to Moses, Go in to Pharaoh: for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants; that I might show these my signs before him:

World English Bible
Yahweh said to Moses, "Go in to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I may show these my signs in the midst of them,

New King James Version
Joel 1:2-4">[xr] Now the LORD said to Moses, "Go in to Pharaoh; for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his servants, that I may show these signs of Mine before him,

New Living Translation
Then the Lord said to Moses, "Return to Pharaoh and make your demands again. I have made him and his officials stubborn so I can display my miraculous signs among them.

New Life Bible
Then the Lord said to Moses, "Go to Pharaoh. For I have made his heart and the heart of his servants hard, so that I may do My powerful works among them.

New Revised Standard
Then the Lord said to Moses, "Go to Pharaoh; for I have hardened his heart and the heart of his officials, in order that I may show these signs of mine among them,

J.B. Rotherham Emphasized Bible
Then said Yahweh unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh, - for, I, have suffered his heart to be dull and the heart of his servants, that I may show these my signs, in their midst;

Douay-Rheims Bible
And the Lord said to Moses: Go in to Pharao; for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants: that I may work these my signs in him,

Revised Standard Version
Then the LORD said to Moses, "Go in to Pharaoh; for I have hardened his heart and the heart of his servants, that I may show these signs of mine among them,

THE MESSAGE
God said to Moses: "Go to Pharaoh. I've made him stubborn, him and his servants, so that I can force him to look at these signs and so you'll be able to tell your children and grandchildren how I toyed with the Egyptians, like a cat with a mouse; you'll tell them the stories of the signs that I brought down on them, so that you'll all know that I am God ."

New American Standard Bible (1995)
Then the LORD said to Moses, "Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the heart of his servants, that I may perform these signs of Mine among them,

Contextual Overview

¹ The Lord said to Moses: Go back to the king. I have made him and his officials stubborn, so that I could work these miracles. ² I did this because I want you to tell your children and your grandchildren about my miracles and about my harsh treatment of the Egyptians. Then all of you will know that I am the Lord . ³ Moses and Aaron went to the king and told him that the Lord God of the Hebrews had said: How long will you stubbornly refuse to obey? Release my people so they can worship me. ⁴ Do this by tomorrow, or I will cover your country with so many locusts ⁵ that you won't be able to see the ground. Most of your crops were ruined by the hailstones, but these locusts will destroy what little is left, including the trees. ⁶ Your palace, the homes of your officials, and all other houses in Egypt will overflow with more locusts than have ever been seen in this country. After Moses left the palace, ⁷ the king's officials asked, "Your Majesty, how much longer is this man going to be a troublemaker? Why don't you let the people leave, so they can worship the Lord their God? Don't you know that Egypt is a disaster?" ⁸ The king had Moses and Aaron brought back, and he said, "All right, you may go and worship the Lord your God. But first tell me who will be going." ⁹ "Everyone, young and old," Moses answered. "We will even take our sheep, goats, and cattle, because we want to hold a celebration in honor of the Lord ." ¹⁰ The king replied, "The Lord had better watch over you on the day I let you leave with your families! You're up to no good.

Bible Verse Review
  from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge

I have hardened: Exodus 4:21, Exodus 7:13, Exodus 7:14, Exodus 9:27, Exodus 9:34, Exodus 9:35, Psalms 7:11

that I: Exodus 3:20, Exodus 7:4, Exodus 9:16, Exodus 14:17, Exodus 14:18, Exodus 15:14, Exodus 15:15, Joshua 2:9, Joshua 2:10, Joshua 4:23, Joshua 4:24, 1 Samuel 4:8, Romans 9:17

Reciprocal: Exodus 10:27 - General Exodus 11:9 - Pharaoh Exodus 20:2 - brought Psalms 105:25 - He turned Joel 1:3 - General

Cross-References

Genesis 2:4
That's how God created the heavens and the earth. When the Lord God made the heavens and the earth,

Genesis 5:1
God created men and women to be like himself. He gave them his blessing and called them human beings. This is a list of the descendants of Adam, the first man:

Genesis 6:9
and this is the story about him. Noah was the only person who lived right and obeyed God.

Genesis 9:1
God said to Noah and his sons: I am giving you my blessing. Have a lot of children and grandchildren, so people will live everywhere on this earth.

Genesis 9:7
I want you and your descendants to have many children, so people will live everywhere on earth.

Genesis 9:19
All people on earth are descendants of Noah's three sons.

Matthew 1:1
Jesus Christ came from the family of King David and also from the family of Abraham. And this is a list of his ancestors.

Gill's Notes on the Bible

And the Lord said unto Moses, go in unto Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart,.... Or, as some render it, "though I have hardened his heart" u; or otherwise it would seem rather to be a reason he should not go, than why he should; at least it would be discouraging, and he might object to what purpose should he go, it would be in vain, no end would be answered by it; though there was an end God had in view, and which was answered by hardening his heart,

and the heart of his servants; whose hearts also were hardened until now; until the plague of the locusts was threatened, and then they relent; which end was as follows:

that I might shew these my signs before him; which had been shown already, and others that were to be done, see Exodus 7:3 or in the midst of him w, in the midst of his land, or in his heart, see Exodus 9:14.

u כי "quamvis", Piscator; so Ainsworth. w בקרבו "in medio ejus", Pagninus, Drusius; "in interioribus ejus", Montanus.

Clarke's Notes on the Bible

CHAPTER X

Moses is again sent to Pharaoh, and expostulates with him on

his refusal to let the Hebrews go, 1-3.

The eighth plague, viz., of locusts, is threatened, 4.

The extent and oppressive nature of this plague, 5, 6.

Pharaoh's servants counsel him to dismiss the Hebrews, 7.

He calls for Moses and Aaron, and inquires who they are of

the Hebrews who wish to go, 8.

Moses having answered that the whole people, with their flocks

and herds must go and hold a feast to the Lord, 9,

Pharaoh is enraged, and having granted permission only to the

men, drives Moses and Aaron from his presence, 10, 11.

Moses is commanded to stretch out his hand and bring the

locusts, 12.

He does so, and an east wind is sent, which, blowing all that

day and night, brings the locusts the next morning, 13.

The devastation occasioned by these insects, 14, 15.

Pharaoh is humbled, acknowledges his sin, and begs Moses to

intercede with Jehovah for him, 16, 17.

Moses does so, and at his request a strong west wind is sent,

which carries all the locusts to the Red Sea, 18, 19.

Pharaoh's heart is again hardened, 20.

Moses is commanded to bring the ninth plague of extraordinary

darkness over all the land of Egypt, 21.

The nature, duration, and effects of this, 22, 23.

Pharaoh, again humbled, consents to let the people go, provided

they leave their cattle behind, 24.

Moses insists on having all their cattle, because of the

sacrifices which they must make to the Lord, 25, 26.

Pharaoh, again hardened, refuses, 27.

Orders Moses from his presence, and threatens him with death

should he ever return, 28.

Moses departs with the promise of returning no more, 29.

NOTES ON CHAP. X

Verse Exodus 10:1. Hardened his heart — God suffered his natural obstinacy to prevail, that he might have farther opportunities of showing forth his eternal power and Godhead.