the Week of Proper 24 / Ordinary 29
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Bishop's Bible
Ezekiel 27:14
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- InternationalParallel Translations
People from the nation of Togarmah traded horses, war horses, and mules for the things you sold.
"From Beth-togarmah came riding horses, chariot horses, and mules, all in exchange for your goods.
"Those from Beth-togarmah gave horses, war horses, and mules for your merchandise.
"‘People of Beth Togarmah traded your goods for work horses, war horses, and mules.
Beth Togarmah exchanged horses, chargers, and mules for your products.
They of the house of Togarmah traded for your wares with horses and war-horses and mules.
They of the house of Togarmah traded in thy fairs with horses and horsemen and mules.
"Those from Beth-togarmah (Armenia) traded for your wares with [chariot] horses, war horses, and mules.
From Beth-togarmah they exchanged horses, war horses, and mules for your wares.
They of the house of Togarmah traded for your wares with horses and war-horses and mules.
Fro the hous of Thogorma thei brouyten horsis, and horse men, and mulis, to thi chepyng.
They of the house of Togarmah traded for thy wares with horses and war-horses and mules.
The men of Beth-togarmah exchanged horses, war horses, and mules for your wares.
and those from Beth-Togarmah traded work horses, war horses, and mules.
They of the house of Togarmah traded for thy wares with horses and war-horses and mules.
The people of Togarmah gave horses and war-horses and transport beasts for your goods.
The people of Togarmah traded for your merchandise with horses, horsemen and mules.
They of the house of Togarmah furnished thy markets with horses, and horsemen, and mules.
They of the house of Togarmah traded for thy wares with horses and horsemen and mules.
They of the house of Togarmah traded in thy faires with horses, and horsemen, and mules.
Men of Beth-togarmah paid for your good things with horses, war horses, and mules.
Beth-togarmah exchanged for your wares horses, war horses, and mules.
They of the house of Togarmah brought to thy faires horses, and horsemen, and mules.
They of the house of Togarmah traded in your markets with horses and horsemen and mules.
Some of the house of Togarmah, with horses and horsemen and mules, Took part in thy traffic:
From the house of Thogorma they brought horses, and horsemen, and mules to thy market.
Beth-togar'mah exchanged for your wares horses, war horses, and mules.
Out of the house of Thogarma horses and horsemen furnished the market.
You sold your goods for workhorses, war-horses, and mules from Beth Togarmah.
Those from Beth-togarmah exchanged horses, war horses, and mules for your merchandise.
They of the house of Togarmah traded for your wares with horses and war-horses and mules.
They of the house of Togarmah traded in thy fairs with horses and horsemen and mules.
From Beth Togarmah they exchanged horses and war horses and mules for your wares.
From the house of Togarmah they gave horses and war horses and mules for your wares.
They of the house of Togarmah, [For] horses, and riding steeds, and mules, They have given out thy remnants.
They off the house of Thogarma brought vnto the at the tyme off thy Marte, horse, horsmen and mules.
"‘Beth-togarmah traded work horses, war horses, and mules for your products.
Those from the house of Togarmah traded for your wares with horses, steeds, and mules.
"Those from Beth-togarmah gave horses and war horses and mules for your wares.
Those from Beth-togarmah gave horses and war horses and mules for your wares.
Contextual Overview
Bible Verse Review
from Treasury of Scripure Knowledge
Togarmah: Ezekiel 38:6, Genesis 10:3, 1 Chronicles 1:6
Reciprocal: 1 Kings 10:25 - and mules
Cross-References
Isahac loued Esau, because he dyd eate of his venison, but Rebecca loued Iacob.
And he sayde: Beholde, I am nowe olde, and knowe not the daye of my death.
Nowe therefore take I pray thee thy weapons, thy quyuer and thy bowe, and get thee to the fielde, that thou mayest take me some venison.
And make me well tastyng meates, such as I loue, and bryng it to me, that I may eate, that my soule may blesse thee before that I dye.
Bring me venison, and make me daintie meate, that I may eate, and blesse thee before the Lorde, afore my death.
Get thee to the flocke, and bryng me thence two good kyddes fro the goates, and I wyll make of them pleasaunt meates for thy father, such as he loueth.
And she put that pleasaunt meate and bread, whiche she had prepared, in the hande of her sonne Iacob.
And he also had made a pleasaunt meate, and brought it vnto his father, and saide vnto his father: let my father aryse, and eate of his sonnes venison, that thy soule may blesse me.
Inclyne not myne heart to any euyll thyng, wherby I myght commit any vngodly act with men that be workers of iniquitie: and let me not eate of their delicates.
Take heede to your selues, lest at any tyme your heartes be ouercome with surfettyng and dronkennesse, and cares of this lyfe, and so the daye come vpon you vnwares.
Gill's Notes on the Bible
They of the house of Togarmah,.... The Targum is,
"they of the province or country of Germany.''
Jerom understands it of Phrygia, near to which was Cappadocia; and perhaps is here meant, since it abounded with what these people are said to trade with Tyre in:
these traded in thy fairs with horses, horsemen, and mules; for the Cappadocians paid for their yearly tribute to the Persians fifteen hundred horses, and two thousand mules, as Bochart c from Strabo observes; and as they sold horses and mules to the Tyrians, so likewise horsemen, men that were skilled in riding and taking care of horses; and these were sold along with the horses, as servants for that purpose.
c Phaleg. c. 11. col. 178.
Barnes' Notes on the Bible
The thread broken at Ezekiel 27:8 is taken up, and the various nations are enumerated which traded with Tyre.
Ezekiel 27:12
Tarshish - Tartessus in Spain (marginal references). Spain was rich in the metals named.
Merchant - Especially applied to those who traveled about with caravans to carry on trade (see Genesis 23:16).
Fairs - Or, “wares” Ezekiel 27:33. The word occurs only in this chapter. The foreign merchants gave their wares in return for the products delivered to them by Tyre.
Ezekiel 27:13
Jaran - Greece (Ion), including the Grecian colonies in Sicily and Italy.
Tubal, and Meshech - The Tibareni and Moschi, whose lands were on the Caucasian highlands between the Euxine and Caspian Seas (see the marginal reference), were a fine race of men; from thence slaves have been continually sought. Greece too in ancient times was famous for furnishing slaves.
Ezekiel 27:14
Togarmah - Armenia.
Ezekiel 27:15
Dedan - There were two tribes (Shemite and Hamite), each bearing the name of “Dedan” (see Genesis 10:7). The Hamite (Ethiopian) Dedan may well have supplied for a payment (rather than “for a present”) horns, ivory, and ebony; the Shemite (Arabians), “clothes for chariots” (see Ezekiel 27:20).
Ezekiel 27:16
Syria - “Aram” here included Mesopotamia; and Babylon was famous for its precious stones. Many read “Edom.”
Emeralds - Rather, carbuncle.
Fine linen - The word (בוץ bûts) was used only in the times of the captivity. It is a Phoenician word, which in Greek assumed the form “byssus,” properly “cotton,” as distinguished from “linen;” the Phoenicians spinning their threads from cotton wool, the Egyptians from flax.
Ezekiel 27:17
Minnith - A city of the Ammonites, whose country was famous for wheat 2 Chronicles 27:5. The wheat was carried through the land of Israel to Tyre.
Pannag - This word occurs nowhere else, and has been very variously explained. Some take it to be “sweetwares.” Others see in it the name of a place, fertile like Minnith, perhaps identical with Pingi on the road from Baalbec to Damascus.
Ezekiel 27:18
Helbon - Chalybon, near Damascus, whose wine was a favorite luxury with Persian kings.
White wool - A product of flocks that grazed in the waste lands of Syria and Arabia.
Ezekiel 27:19
Dan also - Hebrew Vedan, a place in Arabia, not elsewhere mentioned.
Going to and fro - Better as in the margin, a proper name, “Meuzal,” or rather, “from Uzal” which was the ancient name of Senaa the capital of Yemen in Arabia. Greek merchants would carry on commerce between Uzal and Tyre.
Bright iron - literally, “wrought iron;” iron worked into plates smooth and polished. Yemen was famous for the manufacture of sword-blades.
Cassia - The inner bark of an aromatic plant.
Calamus - A fragrant reed-like plant (see Exodus 30:23-24). Both are special products of India and Arabia.
Ezekiel 27:20
Dedan - See Ezekiel 27:15. It is remarkable that “Dedan and Sheba” occur both among the descendants of Ham in Genesis 10:7, and among the descendants of Abraham and Keturah in Genesis 25:3. This seems to indicate that there were distinct nomad tribes bearing the same names of Hamite and of Semitic origin; or it may be that whereas some of the nomad Arabs were Hamite, others Semitic, these were of mixed origin, and so traced up their lineage alike to tiara and Shem. Here we have, at any rate, a number of Arabian nomad tribes mentioned together, and these tribes and their caravans were in those days the regular merchant travelers between east and west. By her ships, Tyre spread over Europe the goods which by these caravans she obtained from India and China.
Precious clothes - Or “clothes of covering,” cloths of tapestry.
Ezekiel 27:21
Kedar - The representative of the pastoral tribes in the northwest of Arabia.
Ezekiel 27:22
Sheba - Sabaea, the richest country of Arabia, corresponded nearly with what is now called Yemen or Arabia Felix.
Raamah - Closely connected with “Sheba,” whose seat is supposed to have been in the neighborhood of the Persian Gulf.
Ezekiel 27:23
Haran - Charrae in Mesopotamia.
Canneh - “Calneh” Genesis 10:10, probably Ctesiphon on the Tigris.
Eden - On the Euphrates Isaiah 37:12. “the merchants of Sheba” Here the towns or tribes that traded with Sheba. Sheba maintained a considerable trade with Mesopotamia.
Chilmad - Possibly Kalwada near Bagdad.
Ezekiel 27:24
All sorts of things - See the margin, “made of cedar” Rather, made fast.
Clarke's Notes on the Bible
Verse Ezekiel 27:14. Togarmah — The Sarmatians. Some think Cappadocia. With these they dealt in horses, mules, and horsemen; or probably draught horses and war horses are intended.
