Study Desk

During the month of Nisan^[a] in the twentieth year of King Artaxerxes,^(a) when wine was set before him, I took the wine and gave it to the king. I had never been sad in his presence,

so the king said to me, "Why are you^[b] sad, when you aren't sick? This is nothing but depression."^[c](b) I was overwhelmed with fear

and replied to the king, "May the king live forever! Why should I^[d] not be sad when the city where my ancestors are buried lies in ruins and its gates have been destroyed by fire?"^(c)

Then the king asked me, "What is your request?" So I prayed to the God of heaven^(d)

and answered the king, "If it pleases the king, and if your servant has found favor with you, send me to Judah and to the city where my ancestors are buried,^[e](e) so that I may rebuild it."^(f)

The king, with the queen seated beside him, asked me, "How long will your journey take, and when will you return?" So I gave him a definite time,^(g) and it pleased the king to send me.

I also said to the king: "If it pleases the king, let me have letters written to the governors of the region west of the Euphrates River,^(h) so that they will grant me safe passage until I reach Judah.⁽ⁱ⁾

And let me have a letter written to Asaph, keeper of the king's forest, so that he will give me timber to rebuild the gates of the temple's fortress,^(j) the city wall, and the home where I will live."^[f](k) The king granted my requests, for I was graciously strengthened by my God.^[g](l)

I went to the governors of the region west of the Euphrates and gave them the king's letters.^(m) The king had also sent officers of the infantry and cavalry with me.

When Sanballat the Horonite⁽ⁿ⁾ and Tobiah the Ammonite official heard that someone had come to seek the well-being of the Israelites, they were greatly displeased.^(o)

After I arrived in Jerusalem and had been there three days,^(p)

I got up at night and took a few men with me. I didn't tell anyone what my God had laid on my heart to do for Jerusalem. The only animal I took^[h] was the one I was riding.

I went out at night through the Valley Gate toward the Serpent's^[i] Well and the Dung Gate,^(q) and I inspected the walls of Jerusalem that had been broken down and its gates that had been destroyed by fire.^(r)

I went on to the Fountain Gate^(s) and the King's Pool,^(t) but farther down it became too narrow for my animal to go through.

So I went up at night by way of the valley and inspected the wall. Then heading back, I entered through the Valley Gate^(u) and returned.

The officials did not know where I had gone or what I was doing, for I had not yet told the Jews, priests, nobles, officials, or the rest of those who would be doing the work.

So I said to them, "You see the trouble we are in. Jerusalem lies in ruins and its gates have been burned down.^(v) Come, let's rebuild Jerusalem's wall,^(w) so that we will no longer be a disgrace."

I told them how the gracious hand of my God had been on me,^(x) and what the king had said to me. They said, "Let's start rebuilding," and they were encouraged^[j] to do this good work.

When Sanballat the Horonite, Tobiah the Ammonite official,^(y) and Geshem the Arab^(z) heard about this, they mocked and despised us, and said, "What is this you're doing? Are you rebelling against the king?"

I gave them this reply, "The God of heaven is the One who will grant us success. We, His servants, will start building, but you have no share, right, or historic claim in Jerusalem."^(aa)

Eliashib the high priest^(a) and his fellow priests began rebuilding the Sheep Gate.^(b) They dedicated it and installed its doors. After building the wall to the Tower of the Hundred and the Tower of Hananel,^(c) they dedicated it.

The men of Jericho^(d) built next to Eliashib,^(e) and next to them Zaccur son of Imri built.

The sons of Hassenaah built the Fish Gate.^(f) They built it with beams and installed its doors, bolts, and bars.^(g)

Next to them Meremoth^(h) son of Uriah, son of Hakkoz, made repairs. Beside them Meshullam⁽ⁱ⁾ son of Berechiah, son of Meshezabel, made repairs. Next to them Zadok son of Baana made repairs.

Beside them the Tekoites^(j) made repairs, but their nobles did not lift a finger to help^[a] their supervisors.

Joiada son of Paseah and Meshullam son of Besodeiah repaired the Old^[b] Gate.^(k) They built it with beams and installed its doors, bolts, and bars.

Next to them the repairs were done by Melatiah the Gibeonite, Jadon the Meronothite, and the men of Gibeon^(l) and Mizpah, who were under the authority^[c](m) of the governor⁽ⁿ⁾ of the region west of the Euphrates River.^(o)

After him Uzziel son of Harhaiah, the goldsmith,^(p) made repairs, and next to him Hananiah son of the perfumer made repairs. They restored Jerusalem as far as the Broad Wall.^(q)

Next to them Rephaiah son of Hur, ruler over half the district of Jerusalem, made repairs.

After them Jedaiah son of Harumaph made repairs across from his house.^(r) Next to him Hattush the son of Hashabneiah made repairs.

Malchijah son of Harim and Hasshub son of Pahath-moab made repairs to another section, as well as to the Tower of the Ovens.^(s)

Beside him Shallum son of Hallohesh, ruler over half the district of Jerusalem, made repairs—he and his daughters.

Hanun and the inhabitants of Zanoah repaired the Valley Gate. They rebuilt it and installed its doors, bolts, and bars, and repaired 500 yards^[d] of the wall to the Dung Gate.^(t)

Malchijah son of Rechab, ruler over the district of Beth-haccherem,^(u) repaired the Dung Gate.^(v) He rebuilt it and installed its doors, bolts, and bars.

Shallun^[e] son of Col-hozeh, ruler over the district of Mizpah, repaired the Fountain Gate.^(w) He rebuilt it and roofed it. Then he installed its doors, bolts, and bars. He also made repairs to the wall of the Pool of Shelah^(x) near the king's garden,^(y) as far as the stairs that descend from the city of David.^(z)

After him Nehemiah son of Azbuk, ruler over half the district of Beth-zur,^(aa) made repairs up to a point opposite the tombs of David,^(ab) as far as the artificial pool^(ac) and the House of the Warriors.^(ad)

Next to him the Levites^(ae) made repairs under Rehum son of Bani. Beside him Hashabiah, ruler over half the district of Keilah,^(af) made repairs for his district.

After him their fellow Levites made repairs under Binnui^[f] son of Henadad, ruler over half the district of Keilah.

Next to him Ezer son of Jeshua, ruler over Mizpah, made repairs to another section opposite the ascent to the armory at the Angle.^(ag)

After him Baruch son of Zabbai^[g] diligently repaired another section, from the Angle to the door of the house of Eliashib the high priest.^(ah)

Beside him Meremoth^(ai) son of Uriah, son of Hakkoz, made repairs to another section, from the door of Eliashib's^(aj) house to the end of his house.

And next to him the priests from the surrounding area made repairs.

After them Benjamin and Hasshub made repairs opposite their house. Beside them Azariah son of Maaseiah, son of Ananiah, made repairs beside his house.

After him Binnui^(ak) son of Henadad made repairs to another section, from the house of Azariah to the Angle and the corner.

Palal son of Uzai made repairs opposite the Angle and tower that juts out from the upper palace^[h] of the king,^(al) by the courtyard of the guard.^(am) Beside him Pedaiah son of Parosh,

and the temple servants^(an) living on Ophel^[i](ao) made repairs opposite the Water Gate^(ap) toward the east and the tower that juts out.

Next to him the Tekoites^(aq) made repairs to another section from a point opposite the great tower that juts out, as far as the wall of Ophel.^(ar)

Each of the priests made repairs above the Horse Gate,^(as) each opposite his own house.

After them Zadok son of Immer made repairs opposite his house. And beside him Shemaiah son of Shecaniah, guard of the East Gate, made repairs.

Next to him Hananiah son of Shelemiah and Hanun the sixth son of Zalaph made repairs to another section. After them Meshullam son of Berechiah made repairs opposite his room.

Next to him Malchijah, one of the goldsmiths,^(at) made repairs to the house of the temple servants^(au) and the merchants, opposite the Inspection^[j] Gate, and as far as the upper room of the corner.

The goldsmiths^(av) and merchants made repairs between the upper room of the corner and the Sheep Gate.^(aw)

^[a]When Sanballat^(a) heard that we were rebuilding the wall,^(b) he became furious. He mocked the Jews^(c)

before his colleagues and the powerful men^[b] of Samaria,^(d) and said, "What are these pathetic Jews doing? Can they restore it by themselves? Will they offer sacrifices? Will they ever finish it? Can they bring these burnt stones^(e) back to life from the mounds of rubble?"^(f)

Then Tobiah the Ammonite,^(g) who was beside him, said, "Indeed, even if a fox^(h) climbed up what they are building, he would break down their stone wall!"

Listen, our God, for we are despised. Make their insults return on their own heads and let them be taken as plunder to a land of captivity.

Do not cover their guilt or let their sin be erased from Your sight, because they have provoked^[c] the builders.⁽ⁱ⁾

So we rebuilt the wall until the entire wall was joined together up to half its height, for the people had the will to keep working.^(j)

^[d]When Sanballat, Tobiah, and the Arabs,^(k) Ammonites, and Ashdodites heard that the repair to the walls of Jerusalem was progressing and that the gaps were being closed,^(l) they became furious.^(m)

They all plotted together to come and fight against Jerusalem and throw it into confusion.

So we prayed to our God and stationed a guard because of them day and night.

In Judah, it was said:^[e] The strength of the laborer fails, since there is so much rubble. We will never be able to rebuild the wall.

And our enemies said, "They won't know or see anything until we're among them and can kill them and stop the work."

When the Jews who lived nearby arrived, they said to us time and again,^[f] "Everywhere you turn, they attack^[g] us."

So I stationed people behind the lowest sections of the wall, at the vulnerable areas. I stationed them by families with their swords, spears, and bows.

After I made an inspection, I stood up and said to the nobles, the officials, and the rest of the people,⁽ⁿ⁾ "Don't be afraid of them.^(o) Remember the great and awe-inspiring Lord, and fight for your countrymen, your sons and daughters, your wives and homes."^(p)

When our enemies heard that we knew their scheme and that God had frustrated it, every one of us returned to his own work on the wall.

From that day on, half of my men did the work while the other half held spears, shields, bows, and armor.^(q) The officers supported all the people of Judah,

who were rebuilding the wall. The laborers who carried the loads worked with one hand and held a weapon with the other.

Each of the builders had his sword strapped around his waist while he was building, and the trumpeter was beside me.

Then I said to the nobles, the officials, and the rest of the people:^(r) "The work is enormous and spread out, and we are separated far from one another along the wall.^(s)

Wherever you hear the trumpet sound, rally to us there. Our God will fight for us!"^(t)

So we continued the work, while half of the men were holding spears from daybreak until the stars came out.

At that time, I also said to the people, "Let everyone and his servant spend the night inside Jerusalem, so that they can stand guard by night and work by day."

And I, my brothers, my men, and the guards with me never took off our clothes. Each carried his weapon, even when washing.^[h]

There was a widespread outcry from the people and their wives against their Jewish countrymen.

Some were saying, "We, our sons, and our daughters are numerous. Let us get grain so that we can eat and live."

Others were saying, "We are mortgaging our fields, vineyards, and homes to get grain during the famine."^(a)

Still others were saying, "We have borrowed money to pay the king's tax^(b) on our fields and vineyards.^(c)

We and our children are just like our countrymen and their children, yet we are subjecting our sons and daughters to slavery.^(d) Some of our daughters are already enslaved,^(e) but we are powerless^[a] because our fields and vineyards belong to others."

I became extremely angry^(f) when I heard their outcry and these complaints.

After seriously considering the matter, I accused the nobles and officials, saying to them, "Each of you is charging his countrymen interest."^(g) So I called a large assembly against them

and said, "We have done our best to buy back our Jewish countrymen who were sold to foreigners, but now you sell your own countrymen, and we have to buy them back."^(h) They remained silent and could not say a word.⁽ⁱ⁾

Then I said, "What you are doing isn't right. Shouldn't you walk in the fear of our God^(j) and not invite the reproach of our foreign enemies?^(k)

Even I, as well as my brothers and my servants, have been lending them money and grain. Please, let us stop charging this interest.^[b]

Return their fields, vineyards, olive groves, and houses to them immediately, along with the percentage^[c] of the money, grain, new wine, and olive oil^(l) that you have been assessing them."

They responded: "We will return these things and require nothing more from them.^(m) We will do as you say." So I summoned the priests and made everyone take an oath⁽ⁿ⁾ to do this.

I also shook the folds of my robe and said, "May God likewise shake from his house and property everyone who doesn't keep this promise. May he be shaken out^(o) and have nothing!" The whole assembly said, "Amen," and they praised the Lord . Then the people did as they had promised.^(p)

Furthermore, from the day King Artaxerxes^(q) appointed me to be their governor in the land of Judah—from the twentieth year until his thirty-second year, 12 years^(r)—I and my associates never ate from the food allotted to the governor.

The governors^(s) who preceded me had heavily burdened the people, taking food and wine from them, as well as a pound^[d] of silver. Their subordinates also oppressed the people, but I didn't do this, because of the fear of God.^(t)

Instead, I devoted myself to the construction of the wall,^(u) and all my subordinates were gathered there for the work. We didn't buy any land.^(v)

There were 150 Jews and officials, as well as guests from the surrounding nations at my table.^(w)

Each^[e] day, one ox, six choice sheep, and some fowl were prepared for me. An abundance of all kinds of wine was provided every 10 days.^(x) But I didn't demand the food allotted to the governor, because the burden on the people was so heavy.

Remember me favorably, my God, for all that I have done for this people.^(y)