Study Desk

These are the nations the Lord left to test^(a) all those Israelites who had not experienced any of the wars in Canaan

(he did this only to teach warfare to the descendants of the Israelites who had not had previous battle experience):

the five^(b) rulers of the Philistines,^(c) all the Canaanites, the Sidonians, and the Hivites^(d) living in the Lebanon mountains from Mount Baal Hermon^(e) to Lebo Hamath.^(f)

They were left to test^(g) the Israelites to see whether they would obey the Lord 's commands, which he had given their ancestors through Moses.

The Israelites lived^(h) among the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites,⁽ⁱ⁾ Hivites and Jebusites.^(j)

They took their daughters^(k) in marriage and gave their own daughters to their sons, and served their gods.^(l)

Othniel

The Israelites did evil in the eyes of the Lord ; they forgot the Lord ^(m) their God and served the Baals and the Asherahs.⁽ⁿ⁾

The anger of the Lord burned against Israel so that he sold^(o) them into the hands of Cushan-Rishathaim^(p) king of Aram Naharaim,^[a](q) to whom the Israelites were subject for eight years.

But when they cried out^(r) to the Lord , he raised up for them a deliverer,^(s) Othniel^(t) son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother, who saved them.

The Spirit of the Lord came on him,^(u) so that he became Israel's judge^[b] and went to war. The Lord gave Cushan-Rishathaim^(v) king of Aram^(w) into the hands of Othniel, who overpowered him.

So the land had peace^(x) for forty years,^(y) until Othniel son of Kenaz^(z) died.

Again the Israelites did evil in the eyes of the Lord ,^(aa) and because they did this evil the Lord gave Eglon king of Moab^(ab) power over Israel.

Getting the Ammonites^(ac) and Amalekites^(ad) to join him, Eglon came and attacked Israel, and they took possession of the City of Palms.^[c](ae)

The Israelites were subject to Eglon king of Moab^(af) for eighteen years.

Again the Israelites cried out to the Lord , and he gave them a deliverer^(ag)—Ehud^(ah), a left-handed^(ai) man, the son of Gera the Benjamite. The Israelites sent him with tribute^(aj) to Eglon king of Moab.

Now Ehud^(ak) had made a double-edged sword about a cubit^[d] long, which he strapped to his right thigh under his clothing.

He presented the tribute^(al) to Eglon king of Moab, who was a very fat man.^(am)

After Ehud had presented the tribute, he sent on their way those who had carried it.

But on reaching the stone images near Gilgal he himself went back to Eglon and said, "Your Majesty, I have a secret message for you." The king said to his attendants, "Leave us!" And they all left.

Ehud then approached him while he was sitting alone in the upper room of his palace^[e](an) and said, "I have a message from God for you." As the king rose^(ao) from his seat,

Ehud reached with his left hand, drew the sword^(ap) from his right thigh and plunged it into the king's belly.

Even the handle sank in after the blade, and his bowels discharged. Ehud did not pull the sword out, and the fat closed in over it.

Then Ehud went out to the porch^[f]; he shut the doors of the upper room behind him and locked them.

After he had gone, the servants came and found the doors of the upper room locked. They said, "He must be relieving himself^(aq) in the inner room of the palace."

They waited to the point of embarrassment,^(ar) but when he did not open the doors of the room, they took a key and unlocked them. There they saw their lord fallen to the floor, dead.

While they waited, Ehud got away. He passed by the stone images and escaped to Seirah.

When he arrived there, he blew a trumpet^(as) in the hill country of Ephraim, and the Israelites went down with him from the hills, with him leading them.

"Follow me," he ordered, "for the Lord has given Moab,^(at) your enemy, into your hands.^(au)" So they followed him down and took possession of the fords of the Jordan^(av) that led to Moab; they allowed no one to cross over.

At that time they struck down about ten thousand Moabites, all vigorous and strong; not one escaped.

That day Moab^(aw) was made subject to Israel, and the land had peace^(ax) for eighty years.

After Ehud came Shamgar son of Anath,^(ay) who struck down six hundred^(az) Philistines^(ba) with an oxgoad. He too saved Israel.

Deborah

Again the Israelites did evil^(a) in the eyes of the Lord ,^(b) now that Ehud^(c) was dead.

So the Lord sold them^(d) into the hands of Jabin king of Canaan, who reigned in Hazor.^(e) Sisera,^(f) the commander of his army, was based in Harosheth Haggoyim.

Because he had nine hundred chariots fitted with iron^(g) and had cruelly oppressed^(h) the Israelites for twenty years, they cried to the Lord for help.

Now Deborah,⁽ⁱ⁾ a prophet,^(j) the wife of Lappidoth, was leading^[a] Israel at that time.

She held court^(k) under the Palm of Deborah between Ramah^(l) and Bethel^(m) in the hill country of Ephraim, and the Israelites went up to her to have their disputes decided.

She sent for Barak son of Abinoam⁽ⁿ⁾ from Kedesh^(o) in Naphtali and said to him, "The Lord , the God of Israel, commands you: ‘Go, take with you ten thousand men of Naphtali^(p) and Zebulun^(q) and lead them up to Mount Tabor.^(r)

I will lead Sisera, the commander of Jabin's^(s) army, with his chariots and his troops to the Kishon River^(t) and give him into your hands.^(u)'"

Barak said to her, "If you go with me, I will go; but if you don't go with me, I won't go."

"Certainly I will go with you," said Deborah. "But because of the course you are taking, the honor will not be yours, for the Lord will deliver Sisera into the hands of a woman." So Deborah went with Barak to Kedesh.^(v)

There Barak summoned^(w) Zebulun and Naphtali, and ten thousand men went up under his command. Deborah also went up with him.

Now Heber the Kenite had left the other Kenites,^(x) the descendants of Hobab,^(y) Moses' brother-in-law,^[b] and pitched his tent by the great tree^(z) in Zaanannim^(aa) near Kedesh.

When they told Sisera that Barak son of Abinoam had gone up to Mount Tabor,^(ab)

Sisera summoned from Harosheth Haggoyim to the Kishon River^(ac) all his men and his nine hundred chariots fitted with iron.^(ad)

Then Deborah said to Barak, "Go! This is the day the Lord has given Sisera into your hands.^(ae) Has not the Lord gone ahead^(af) of you?" So Barak went down Mount Tabor, with ten thousand men following him.

At Barak's advance, the Lord routed^(ag) Sisera and all his chariots and army by the sword, and Sisera got down from his chariot and fled on foot.

Barak pursued the chariots and army as far as Harosheth Haggoyim, and all Sisera's troops fell by the sword; not a man was left.^(ah)

Sisera, meanwhile, fled on foot to the tent of Jael,^(ai) the wife of Heber the Kenite,^(aj) because there was an alliance between Jabin king of Hazor^(ak) and the family of Heber the Kenite.

Jael^(al) went out to meet Sisera and said to him, "Come, my lord, come right in. Don't be afraid." So he entered her tent, and she covered him with a blanket.

"I'm thirsty," he said. "Please give me some water." She opened a skin of milk,^(am) gave him a drink, and covered him up.

"Stand in the doorway of the tent," he told her. "If someone comes by and asks you, ‘Is anyone in there?' say ‘No.'"

But Jael,^(an) Heber's wife, picked up a tent peg and a hammer and went quietly to him while he lay fast asleep,^(ao) exhausted. She drove the peg through his temple into the ground, and he died.^(ap)

Just then Barak came by in pursuit of Sisera, and Jael^(aq) went out to meet him. "Come," she said, "I will show you the man you're looking for." So he went in with her, and there lay Sisera with the tent peg through his temple—dead.^(ar)

On that day God subdued^(as) Jabin^(at) king of Canaan before the Israelites.

And the hand of the Israelites pressed harder and harder against Jabin king of Canaan until they destroyed him.^(au)

The Song of Deborah

On that day Deborah^(a) and Barak son of Abinoam^(b) sang this song:^(c)

"When the princes in Israel take the lead, when the people willingly offer^(d) themselves— praise the Lord !^(e)

"Hear this, you kings! Listen, you rulers! I, even I, will sing to^[a] the Lord ;^(f) I will praise the Lord , the God of Israel, in song.^(g)

"When you, Lord , went out^(h) from Seir,⁽ⁱ⁾ when you marched from the land of Edom, the earth shook,^(j) the heavens poured, the clouds poured down water.^(k)

The mountains quaked^(l) before the Lord , the One of Sinai, before the Lord , the God of Israel.

"In the days of Shamgar son of Anath,^(m) in the days of Jael,⁽ⁿ⁾ the highways^(o) were abandoned; travelers took to winding paths.^(p)

Villagers in Israel would not fight; they held back until I, Deborah,^(q) arose, until I arose, a mother in Israel.

God chose new leaders^(r) when war came to the city gates,^(s) but not a shield or spear^(t) was seen among forty thousand in Israel.

My heart is with Israel's princes, with the willing volunteers^(u) among the people. Praise the Lord !

"You who ride on white donkeys,^(v) sitting on your saddle blankets, and you who walk along the road, consider

¹¹the voice of the singers^[b] at the watering places. They recite the victories^(w) of the Lord , the victories of his villagers in Israel. "Then the people of the Lord went down to the city gates.^(x)

‘Wake up,^(y) wake up, Deborah!^(z) Wake up, wake up, break out in song! Arise, Barak!^(aa) Take captive your captives,^(ab) son of Abinoam.'

"The remnant of the nobles came down; the people of the Lord came down to me against the mighty.

Some came from Ephraim,^(ac) whose roots were in Amalek;^(ad) Benjamin^(ae) was with the people who followed you. From Makir^(af) captains came down, from Zebulun those who bear a commander's^[c] staff.

The princes of Issachar^(ag) were with Deborah;^(ah) yes, Issachar was with Barak,^(ai) sent under his command into the valley. In the districts of Reuben there was much searching of heart.

Why did you stay among the sheep pens^[d](aj) to hear the whistling for the flocks?^(ak) In the districts of Reuben there was much searching of heart.

Gilead^(al) stayed beyond the Jordan. And Dan, why did he linger by the ships? Asher^(am) remained on the coast^(an) and stayed in his coves.

The people of Zebulun^(ao) risked their very lives; so did Naphtali^(ap) on the terraced fields.^(aq)

"Kings came^(ar), they fought, the kings of Canaan fought. At Taanach, by the waters of Megiddo,^(as) they took no plunder of silver.^(at)

From the heavens^(au) the stars fought, from their courses they fought against Sisera.

The river Kishon^(av) swept them away, the age-old river, the river Kishon. March on, my soul; be strong!^(aw)

Then thundered the horses' hooves— galloping, galloping go his mighty steeds.^(ax)

‘Curse Meroz,' said the angel of the Lord . ‘Curse its people bitterly, because they did not come to help the Lord , to help the Lord against the mighty.'

"Most blessed of women^(ay) be Jael,^(az) the wife of Heber the Kenite,^(ba) most blessed of tent-dwelling women.

He asked for water, and she gave him milk;^(bb) in a bowl fit for nobles she brought him curdled milk.

Her hand reached for the tent peg, her right hand for the workman's hammer. She struck Sisera, she crushed his head, she shattered and pierced his temple.^(bc)

At her feet he sank, he fell; there he lay. At her feet he sank, he fell; where he sank, there he fell—dead^(bd).

"Through the window^(be) peered Sisera's mother; behind the lattice she cried out,^(bf) ‘Why is his chariot so long in coming? Why is the clatter of his chariots delayed?'

The wisest of her ladies answer her; indeed, she keeps saying to herself,

‘Are they not finding and dividing the spoils:^(bg) a woman or two for each man, colorful garments as plunder for Sisera, colorful garments embroidered, highly embroidered garments^(bh) for my neck— all this as plunder?^(bi)'

"So may all your enemies perish,^(bj) Lord ! But may all who love you be like the sun^(bk) when it rises in its strength."^(bl) Then the land had peace^(bm) forty years.