Study Desk

An oracle^(a) against Damascus:^(b) Look, Damascus is no longer a city. It has become a ruined heap.

The cities of Aroer are forsaken; they will be places for flocks. They will lie down without fear.

The fortress disappears from Ephraim,^(c) and a kingdom from Damascus. The remnant of Aram will be like the splendor of the Israelites. This is the declaration of the Lord of Hosts.

On that day the splendor of Jacob will fade, and his healthy body^[a] will become emaciated.^(d)

It will be as if a reaper had gathered standing grain— his arm harvesting the heads of grain— and as if one had gleaned heads of grain in the Valley of Rephaim.^(e)

Only gleanings will be left in Israel,^(f) as if an olive tree had been beaten— two or three berries at the very top of the tree, four or five on its fruitful branches. This is the declaration of the Lord , the God of Israel.

On that day people will look to their Maker and will turn their eyes to the Holy One of Israel.^(g)

They will not look to the altars^(h) they made with their hands or to the Asherahs and incense altars⁽ⁱ⁾ they made with their fingers.

On that day their strong cities will be like the abandoned woods and mountaintops^[b] that were abandoned because of the Israelites; there will be desolation.

For you have forgotten the God of your salvation, and you have failed to remember the rock of your strength;^(j) therefore you will plant beautiful plants and set out cuttings from exotic vines.

On the day that you plant, you will help them to grow, and in the morning you will help your seed to sprout, but the harvest will vanish on the day of disease and incurable pain.

Ah! The roar of many peoples— they roar like the roaring of the seas. The raging of the nations— they rage like the raging of mighty waters.^(k)

The nations rage like the raging of many waters.^(l) He rebukes them, and they flee far away,^(m) driven before the wind like chaff on the hills⁽ⁿ⁾ and like tumbleweeds before a gale.

In the evening—sudden terror! Before morning—it is gone! This is the fate of those who plunder us and the lot of those who ravage us.

Ah! The land of buzzing insect wings^[a] beyond the rivers of Cush^(a)

sends couriers by sea, in reed vessels on the waters. Go, swift messengers, to a nation tall and smooth-skinned, to a people feared far and near, a powerful nation with a strange language,^[b] whose land is divided by rivers.

All you inhabitants of the world and you who live on the earth, when a banner is raised on the mountains, look! When a trumpet sounds, listen!

For, the Lord said to me: I will quietly look out from My place, like shimmering heat in sunshine, like a rain cloud in harvest heat.

For before the harvest, when the blossoming is over and the blossom becomes a ripening grape, He will cut off the shoots with a pruning knife, and tear away and remove the branches.

They will all be left for the birds of prey on the hills and for the wild animals of the land. The birds will spend the summer on them, and all the animals, the winter on them.

At that time a gift will be brought to Yahweh of Hosts from^[c] a people tall and smooth-skinned,^(b) a people feared far and near, a powerful nation with a strange language, whose land is divided by rivers—to Mount Zion, the place of the name of Yahweh of Hosts.

An oracle^(a) against Egypt:^(b) Look, the Lord rides on a swift cloud^(c) and is coming to Egypt. Egypt's idols will tremble before Him,^(d) and Egypt's heart will melt within it.^(e)

I will provoke Egypt against Egypt; each will fight against his brother^(f) and each against his friend, city against city, kingdom against kingdom.^(g)

Egypt's spirit will be disturbed within it, and I will frustrate its plans. Then they will seek idols, ghosts, spirits of the dead, and spiritists.^(h)

I will deliver Egypt into the hands of harsh masters,⁽ⁱ⁾ and a strong king will rule it. This is the declaration of the Lord God of Hosts.

The waters of the sea will dry up, and the river will be parched and dry.

The channels will stink; they will dwindle, and Egypt's canals will be parched. Reed and rush will die.^[a]

The reeds by the Nile, by the mouth of the river, and all the cultivated areas of the Nile will wither, blow away, and vanish.

Then the fishermen will mourn. All those who cast hooks into the Nile will lament, and those who spread nets on the water will shrivel up.

Those who work with flax will be dismayed;^(j) the combers and weavers will turn pale.^[b]

Egypt's weavers^[c] will be dejected; all her wage earners will be demoralized.

The princes of Zoan are complete fools;^(k) Pharaoh's wisest advisers give stupid advice! How can you say to Pharaoh, "I am one^[d] of the wise, a student of eastern^[e] kings"?

Where then are your wise men? Let them tell you and reveal what the Lord of Hosts has planned against Egypt.

The princes of Zoan have been fools; the princes of Memphis are deceived.^(l) Her tribal chieftains have led Egypt astray.

The Lord has mixed within her a spirit of confusion. The leaders have made Egypt stagger in all she does, as a drunkard staggers in his vomit.

No head or tail, palm or reed,^(m) will be able to do anything for Egypt.

On that day Egypt will be like women. She will tremble with fear because of the threatening hand of the Lord of Hosts when He raises it against her.

The land of Judah will terrify Egypt; whenever Judah is mentioned, Egypt will tremble because of what the Lord of Hosts has planned⁽ⁿ⁾ against it.

On that day five cities in the land of Egypt will speak the language of Canaan and swear loyalty to the Lord of Hosts. One of the cities will be called the City of the Sun.^[f][g]

On that day there will be an altar to the Lord in the center of the land of Egypt and a pillar to the Lord near her border.^(o)

It will be a sign and witness to the Lord of Hosts in the land of Egypt. When they cry out to the Lord because of their oppressors, He will send them a savior and leader, and he will rescue them.^(p)

The Lord will make Himself known to Egypt, and Egypt will know the Lord on that day. They will offer sacrifices and offerings;^(q) they will make vows to the Lord and fulfill them.

The Lord will strike Egypt, striking and healing. Then they will return to the Lord and He will hear their prayers and heal them.

On that day there will be a highway^(r) from Egypt to Assyria. Assyria will go to Egypt, Egypt to Assyria, and Egypt will worship with Assyria.

On that day Israel will form a triple alliance with Egypt and Assyria—a blessing within the land.

The Lord of Hosts will bless them, saying, "Egypt My people, Assyria My handiwork,^(s) and Israel My inheritance are blessed."^(t)