Study Desk

God remembered Noah,^(a) as well as all the wildlife and all the livestock that were with him in the ark. God caused a wind^[a] to pass over the earth,^(b) and the water began to subside.

The sources of the watery depths and the floodgates of the sky were closed, and the rain from the sky stopped.^(c)

The water steadily receded from the earth, and by the end of 150 days the waters had decreased significantly.^(d)

The ark came to rest in the seventh month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on the mountains of Ararat.^[b](e)

The waters continued to recede until the tenth month; in the tenth month, on the first day of the month, the tops of the mountains were visible.

After 40 days Noah opened the window of the ark that he had made,

and he sent out a raven. It went back and forth until the waters had dried up from the earth.

Then he sent out a dove to see whether the water on the earth's surface had gone down,

but the dove found no resting place for her foot. She returned to him in the ark because water covered the surface of the whole earth. He reached out and brought her into the ark to himself.

So Noah waited seven more days and sent out the dove from the ark again.

When the dove came to him at evening, there was a plucked olive leaf in her beak. So Noah knew that the water on the earth's surface had gone down.

After he had waited another seven days, he sent out the dove, but she did not return to him again.

In the six hundred and first year,^[c] in the first month, on the first day of the month, the water that had covered the earth was dried up. Then Noah removed the ark's cover and saw that the surface of the ground was drying.

By the twenty-seventh day of the second month, the earth was dry.

Then God spoke to Noah,

"Come out of the ark, you, your wife, your sons, and your sons' wives with you.

Bring out all the living creatures^[d] that are with you—birds, livestock, those that crawl on the ground—and they will spread over the earth and be fruitful and multiply on the earth."^(f)

So Noah, along with his sons, his wife, and his sons' wives, came out.

All wildlife, all livestock, every bird, and every creature that crawls on the earth came out of the ark by their groups.

Then Noah built an altar to the Lord . He took some of every kind of clean animal and every kind of clean bird and offered burnt offerings on the altar.

When the Lord smelled the pleasing aroma,^(g) He said to Himself, "I will never again curse the ground^(h) because of man, even though man's inclination is evil from his youth.⁽ⁱ⁾ And I will never again strike down every living thing as I have done.^(j)

As long as the earth endures, seedtime and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, and day and night will not cease."^(k)

God blessed Noah and his sons and said to them, "Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth.^(a)

The fear and terror of you will be in every living creature on the earth, every bird of the sky, every creature that crawls on the ground, and all the fish of the sea. They are placed under your authority.^[a]

Every living creature will be food for you;^(b) as I gave the green plants, I have given you everything.^(c)

However, you must not eat meat with its lifeblood in it.^(d)

I will require the life of every animal^(e) and every man for your life and your blood. I will require the life of each man's brother for a man's life.^(f)

Whoever sheds man's blood, his blood will be shed by man,^(g) for God made man in His image.^(h)

But you, be fruitful and multiply; spread out over the earth and multiply on it."⁽ⁱ⁾

Then God said to Noah and his sons with him,

"Understand that I am confirming My covenant^(j) with you and your descendants after you,

and with every living creature that is with you—birds, livestock, and all wildlife of the earth that are with you—all the animals of the earth that came out of the ark.

I confirm My covenant with you that never again will every creature be wiped out by the waters of a flood; there will never again be a flood to destroy the earth."^(k)

And God said, "This is the sign of the covenant^(l) I am making between Me and you and every living creature with you, a covenant for all future generations:

I have placed My bow in the clouds,^(m) and it will be a sign of the covenant between Me and the earth.

Whenever I form clouds over the earth and the bow appears in the clouds,

I will remember My covenant⁽ⁿ⁾ between Me and you and all the living creatures:^[b] water will never again become a flood to destroy every creature.

The bow will be in the clouds, and I will look at it and remember the everlasting covenant^(o) between God and all the living creatures^[c] on earth."

God said to Noah, "This is the sign of the covenant that I have confirmed between Me and every creature on earth."

Noah's sons who came out of the ark were Shem, Ham, and Japheth. Ham was the father of Canaan.

These three were Noah's sons, and from them the whole earth was populated.^(p)

Noah, a man of the soil, was the first to plant^[d] a vineyard.

He drank some of the wine, became drunk, and uncovered himself inside his tent.

Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his father naked and told his two brothers outside.^(q)

Then Shem and Japheth took a cloak and placed it over both their shoulders, and walking backward, they covered their father's nakedness. Their faces were turned away, and they did not see their father naked.

When Noah awoke from his drinking and learned what his youngest son had done to him,

he said: Canaan will be cursed.^(r) He will be the lowest of slaves to his brothers.^(s)

He also said: Praise the Lord , the God of Shem; Canaan will be^[e] his slave.

God will extend^[f] Japheth; he will dwell in the tents of Shem; Canaan will be his slave.

Now Noah lived 350 years after the flood.

So Noah's life lasted 950 years; then he died.

These are the family records^(a) of Noah's sons, Shem, Ham, and Japheth. They also had sons after the flood.

Japheth's sons:^(b) Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech, and Tiras.

Gomer's sons: Ashkenaz, Riphath, and Togarmah.

And Javan's sons: Elishah, Tarshish,^(c) Kittim, and Dodanim.^[a]

The coastland peoples spread out into their lands. These are Japheth's sons by their clans, in their nations. Each group had its own language.

Ham's sons:^(d) Cush, Egypt, Put, and Canaan.

Cush's sons: Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah, and Sabteca. And Raamah's sons: Sheba and Dedan.

Cush fathered Nimrod, who was the first powerful man on earth.

He was a powerful hunter in the sight of the Lord . That is why it is said, "Like Nimrod, a powerful hunter in the sight of the Lord ."

His kingdom started with Babylon,^(e) Erech,^[b] Accad,^[c] and Calneh,^[d] in the land of Shinar.^[e](f)

From that land he went to Assyria^(g) and built Nineveh, Rehoboth-ir, Calah,

and Resen, between Nineveh and the great city Calah.

Mizraim^[f](h) fathered Ludim, Anamim, Lehabim, Naphtuhim,

Pathrusim, Casluhim (the Philistines came from them), and Caphtorim.⁽ⁱ⁾

Canaan fathered Sidon his firstborn, then Heth,

the Jebusites, the Amorites, the Girgashites,^(j)

the Hivites, the Arkites, the Sinites,

the Arvadites, the Zemarites, and the Hamathites. Afterward the Canaanite clans scattered.

The Canaanite border went from Sidon going toward Gerar as far as Gaza, and going toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim as far as Lasha.

These are Ham's sons, by their clans, according to their languages, in their own lands and their nations.

And Shem, Japheth's older brother, also had sons. Shem was the father of all the sons of Eber.^(k)

Shem's sons^(l) were Elam, Asshur,^[g] Arpachshad, Lud, and Aram.

Aram's sons: Uz, Hul, Gether, and Mash.

Arpachshad fathered^[h] Shelah,^(m) and Shelah fathered Eber.

Eber had two sons. One was named Peleg, for during his days the earth was divided;⁽ⁿ⁾ his brother was named Joktan.

And Joktan fathered Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah,

Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah,

Obal, Abimael, Sheba,

Ophir, Havilah, and Jobab. All these were Joktan's sons.

Their settlements extended from Mesha to Sephar, the eastern hill country.

These are Shem's sons by their clans, according to their languages, in their lands and their nations.

These are the clans of Noah's sons, according to their family records, in their nations. The nations on earth spread out from these after the flood.^(o)

At one time the whole earth had the same language and vocabulary.^[a]

As people^[b] migrated from the east,^[c] they found a valley in the land of Shinar and settled there.^(a)

They said to each other, "Come, let us make oven-fired bricks." They used brick for stone and asphalt for mortar.^(b)

And they said, "Come, let us build ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the sky.^(c) Let us make a name for ourselves; otherwise, we will be scattered over the face of the whole earth."

Then the Lord came down^(d) to look over the city and the tower that the men were building.

The Lord said, "If they have begun to do this as one people all having the same language, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them.

Come, let Us go down there and confuse^[d] their language^[e] so that they will not understand one another's speech."^[f]

So from there the Lord scattered them over the face of the whole earth,^(e) and they stopped building the city.

Therefore its name is called Babylon,^[g](f) for there the Lord confused the language of the whole earth, and from there the Lord scattered them over the face of the whole earth.