Study Desk

Now Jacob heard what Laban's sons were saying: "Jacob has taken all that was our father's and has built this wealth from what belonged to our father."

And Jacob saw from Laban's face that his attitude toward him was not the same.

Then the Lord said to him, "Go back to the land of your fathers and to your family, and I will be with you."^(a)

Jacob had Rachel and Leah called to the field where his flocks were.

He said to them, "I can see from your father's face that his attitude toward me is not the same, but the God of my father has been with me.

You know that I've worked hard^[a] for your father^(b)

and that he has cheated me and changed my wages 10 times. But God has not let him harm me.

If he said, ‘The spotted sheep will be your wages,' then all the sheep were born spotted. If he said, ‘The streaked sheep will be your wages,' then all the sheep were born streaked.^(c)

God has taken away your father's herds and given them to me.

"When the flocks were breeding, I saw in a dream that the streaked, spotted, and speckled males were mating with the females.

In that dream the Angel of God said to me, ‘Jacob!' and I said, ‘Here I am.'

And He said, ‘Look up and see: all the males that are mating with the flocks are streaked, spotted, and speckled, for I have seen all that Laban has been doing to you.^(d)

I am the God of Bethel, where you poured oil on the stone marker and made a solemn vow to Me.^(e) Get up, leave this land, and return to your native land.'"

Then Rachel and Leah answered him, "Do we have any portion or inheritance in our father's household?

Are we not regarded by him as outsiders? For he has sold us^(f) and has certainly spent our money.

In fact, all the wealth that God has taken away from our father belongs to us and to our children. So do whatever God has said to you."

Then Jacob got up and put his children and wives on the camels.

He took all the livestock and possessions he had acquired in Paddan-aram, and he drove his herds to go to the land of his father Isaac in Canaan.

When Laban had gone to shear his sheep, Rachel stole her father's household idols.^(g)

And Jacob deceived^[b] Laban the Aramean, not telling him that he was fleeing.

He fled with all his possessions, crossed the Euphrates, and headed for^[c] the hill country of Gilead.

On the third day Laban was told that Jacob had fled.

So he took his relatives with him, pursued Jacob for seven days, and overtook him at Mount Gilead.

But God came to Laban the Aramean in a dream at night. "Watch yourself!" God warned him. "Don't say anything to Jacob, either good or bad."^(h)

When Laban overtook Jacob, Jacob had pitched his tent in the hill country, and Laban and his brothers also pitched their tents in the hill country of Gilead.

Then Laban said to Jacob, "What have you done? You have deceived me and taken my daughters away like prisoners of war!

Why did you secretly flee from me, deceive me, and not tell me? I would have sent you away with joy and singing, with tambourines and lyres,

but you didn't even let me kiss my grandchildren and my daughters. You have acted foolishly.

I could do you great harm, but last night the God of your father said to me: ‘Watch yourself. Don't say anything to Jacob, either good or bad.'

Now you have gone off because you long for your father—but why have you stolen my gods?"⁽ⁱ⁾

Jacob answered, "I was afraid, for I thought you would take your daughters from me by force.

If you find your gods with anyone here, he will not live!^(j) Before our relatives, point out anything that is yours and take it." Jacob did not know that Rachel had stolen the idols.

So Laban went into Jacob's tent, then Leah's tent, and then the tents of the two female slaves, but he found nothing. Then he left Leah's tent and entered Rachel's.

Now Rachel had taken Laban's household idols, put them in the saddlebag of the camel, and sat on them. Laban searched the whole tent but found nothing.

She said to her father, "Sir, don't be angry that I cannot stand up in your presence;^(k) I am having my period." So Laban searched, but could not find the household idols.

Then Jacob became incensed and brought charges against Laban. "What is my crime?" he said to Laban. "What is my sin, that you have pursued me?

You've searched all my possessions! Have you found anything of yours? Put it here before my relatives and yours, and let them decide between the two of us.

I've been with you these 20 years. Your ewes and female goats have not miscarried, and I have not eaten the rams from your flock.

I did not bring you any of the flock torn by wild beasts; I myself bore the loss. You demanded payment from me for what was stolen by day or by night.

There I was—the heat consumed me by day and the frost by night, and sleep fled from my eyes.

For 20 years I have worked in your household—14 years for your two daughters and six years for your flocks^(l)—and you have changed my wages 10 times!

If the God of my father, the God of Abraham, the Fear of Isaac, had not been with me, certainly now you would have sent me off empty-handed. But God has seen my affliction and my hard work,^[d] and He issued His verdict last night."

Then Laban answered Jacob, "The daughters are my daughters; the sons, my sons; and the flocks, my flocks! Everything you see is mine! But what can I do today for these daughters of mine or for the children they have borne?

Come now, let's make a covenant, you and I.^(m) Let it be a witness between the two of us."

So Jacob picked out a stone and set it up as a marker.⁽ⁿ⁾

Then Jacob said to his relatives, "Gather stones." And they took stones and made a mound, then ate there by the mound.

Laban named the mound Jegar-sahadutha, but Jacob named it Galeed.^[e]

Then Laban said, "This mound is a witness between you and me today." Therefore the place was called Galeed

and also Mizpah,^[f](o) for he said, "May the Lord watch between you and me when we are out of each other's sight.

If you mistreat my daughters or take other wives, though no one is with us, understand that God will be a witness between you and me."^(p)

Laban also said to Jacob, "Look at this mound and the marker I have set up between you and me.

This mound is a witness and the marker is a witness that I will not pass beyond this mound to you, and you will not pass beyond this mound and this marker to do me harm.

The God of Abraham, and the gods^(q) of Nahor—the gods of their father^[g]—will judge between us." And Jacob swore by the Fear of his father Isaac.

Then Jacob offered a sacrifice on the mountain and invited his relatives to eat a meal. So they ate a meal and spent the night on the mountain.

^[h]Laban got up early in the morning, kissed his grandchildren and daughters, and blessed them. Then Laban left to return home.

Jacob went on his way, and God's angels met him.^(a)

When he saw them, Jacob said, "This is God's camp." So he called that place Mahanaim.^[a](b)

Jacob sent messengers ahead of him to his brother Esau in the land of Seir, the country of Edom.

He commanded them, "You are to say to my lord Esau, ‘This is what your servant Jacob says. I have been staying with Laban and have been delayed until now.

I have oxen, donkeys, flocks, male and female slaves. I have sent this message to inform my lord, in order to seek your favor.'"^(c)

When the messengers returned to Jacob, they said, "We went to your brother Esau; he is coming to meet you—and he has 400 men with him."^(d)

Jacob was greatly afraid and distressed; he divided the people with him into two camps, along with the flocks, cattle, and camels.

He thought, "If Esau comes to one camp and attacks it, the remaining one can escape."^(e)

Then Jacob said, "God of my father Abraham and God of my father Isaac,^(f) the Lord who said to me, ‘Go back to your land and to your family, and I will cause you to prosper,'^(g)

I am unworthy of all the kindness and faithfulness You have shown Your servant. Indeed, I crossed over this Jordan with my staff, and now I have become two camps.

Please rescue me from the hand of my brother Esau, for I am afraid of him; otherwise, he may come and attack me, the mothers, and their children.

You have said, ‘I will cause you to prosper, and I will make your offspring like the sand of the sea, which cannot be counted.'"^(h)

He spent the night there and took part of what he had brought with him as a gift for his brother Esau:⁽ⁱ⁾

200 female goats, 20 male goats, 200 ewes, 20 rams,

30 milk camels with their young, 40 cows, 10 bulls, 20 female donkeys, and 10 male donkeys.

He entrusted them to his slaves as separate herds and said to them, "Go on ahead of me, and leave some distance between the herds."

And he told the first one: "When my brother Esau meets you and asks, ‘Who do you belong to? Where are you going? And whose animals are these ahead of you?'

then tell him, ‘They belong to your servant Jacob. They are a gift sent to my lord Esau. And look, he is behind us.'"

He also told the second one, the third, and everyone who was walking behind the animals, "Say the same thing to Esau when you find him.

You are also to say, ‘Look, your servant Jacob is right behind us.'" For he thought, "I want to appease Esau with the gift that is going ahead of me. After that, I can face him, and perhaps he will forgive me."

So the gift was sent on ahead of him while he remained in the camp that night.

During the night Jacob got up and took his two wives, his two female slaves, and his 11 sons, and crossed the ford of Jabbok.^(j)

He took them and sent them across the stream, along with all his possessions.

Jacob was left alone, and a man wrestled with him until daybreak.^(k)

When the man saw that He could not defeat him, He struck Jacob's hip socket as they wrestled and dislocated his hip.

Then He said to Jacob, "Let Me go, for it is daybreak." But Jacob said, "I will not let You go unless You bless me."

"What is your name?" the man asked. "Jacob," he replied.

"Your name will no longer be Jacob,"^(l) He said. "It will be Israel^[b] because you have struggled with God^(m) and with men and have prevailed."

Then Jacob asked Him, "Please tell me Your name." But He answered, "Why do you ask My name?"⁽ⁿ⁾ And He blessed him there.

Jacob then named the place Peniel,^[c] "For I have seen God face to face," he said, "and I have been delivered."^(o)

The sun shone on him as he passed by Penuel^[d](p)—limping because of his hip.

That is why, to this day, the Israelites don't eat the thigh muscle that is at the hip socket: because He struck Jacob's hip socket at the thigh muscle.^[e]