Study Desk

These are the family leaders and the genealogical records of those who returned with me from Babylon during the reign of King Artaxerxes:^(a)

Gershom, from Phinehas's descendants; Daniel, from Ithamar's descendants; Hattush, from David's descendants,

who was of Shecaniah's descendants;^(b) Zechariah, from Parosh's^(c) descendants, and 150 men^[a] with him who were registered by genealogy;

Eliehoenai son of Zerahiah from Pahath-moab's descendants,^(d) and 200 men with him;

Shecaniah^[b] son of Jahaziel from Zattu's descendants, and 300 men with him;

Ebed son of Jonathan from Adin's descendants,^(e) and 50 men with him;

Jeshaiah son of Athaliah from Elam's descendants, and 70 men with him;

Zebadiah son of Michael from Shephatiah's descendants, and 80 men with him;

Obadiah son of Jehiel from Joab's descendants, and 218 men with him;

Shelomith^[c] son of Josiphiah from Bani's descendants, and 160 men with him;

Zechariah son of Bebai from Bebai's descendants, and 28 men with him;

Johanan son of Hakkatan from Azgad's descendants, and 110 men with him;

these are the last ones, from Adonikam's descendants,^(f) and their names are: Eliphelet, Jeuel, and Shemaiah, and 60 men with them;

Uthai and Zaccur^[d] from Bigvai's descendants, and 70 men with them.

I gathered them at the river^[e] that flows to Ahava,^(g) and we camped there for three days. I searched among the people and priests, but found no Levites^(h) there.

Then I summoned the leaders: Eliezer, Ariel, Shemaiah, Elnathan, Jarib, Elnathan, Nathan, Zechariah, and Meshullam,⁽ⁱ⁾ as well as the teachers Joiarib and Elnathan.

I sent them to Iddo, the leader at Casiphia, with a message for^[f] him and his brothers, the temple servants^(j) at Casiphia, that they should bring us ministers for the house of our God.

Since the gracious hand of our God was on us,^(k) they brought us Sherebiah^(l)—a man of insight from the descendants of Mahli, a descendant of Levi son of Israel—along with his sons and brothers, 18 men,

plus Hashabiah,^(m) along with Jeshaiah, from the descendants of Merari, and his brothers and their sons, 20 men.

There were also 220 of the temple servants,⁽ⁿ⁾ who had been appointed by David and the leaders for the work of the Levites. All were identified by name.

I proclaimed a fast^(o) by the Ahava River,^[g] so that we might humble ourselves before our God and ask Him for a safe journey for us, our children, and all our possessions.

I did this because I was ashamed to ask the king for infantry and cavalry to protect us from enemies during the journey, since we had told him, "The hand of our God is gracious to all who seek Him, but His great anger is against all who abandon Him."^(p)

So we fasted and pleaded with our God about this, and He granted our request.

I selected 12 of the leading priests, along with Sherebiah,^(q) Hashabiah, and 10 of their brothers.

I weighed out to them the silver, the gold, and the articles—the contribution for the house of our God that the king, his counselors, his leaders, and all the Israelites who were present had offered.

I weighed out to them 24 tons^[h] of silver, silver articles weighing 7,500 pounds,^[i] 7,500 pounds^[j] of gold,

20 gold bowls worth 1,000 gold coins,^[k] and two articles of fine gleaming bronze, as valuable as gold.^(r)

Then I said to them, "You are holy to the Lord , and the articles are holy. The silver and gold are a freewill offering^(s) to the Lord God of your fathers.

Guard them carefully until you weigh them out in the chambers of the Lord 's house before the leading priests, Levites, and heads of the Israelite families in Jerusalem."

So the priests and Levites took charge of the silver, the gold, and the articles that had been weighed out, to bring them to the house of our God in Jerusalem.^(t)

We set out from the Ahava River^[l] on the twelfth day of the first month to go to Jerusalem. We were strengthened by our God,^[m](u) and He protected us from the power of the enemy and from ambush along the way.^(v)

So we arrived at Jerusalem and rested there for three days.^(w)

On the fourth day the silver, the gold, and the articles were weighed out in the house of our God into the care of Meremoth the priest, son of Uriah. Eleazar son of Phinehas was with him. The Levites Jozabad^(x) son of Jeshua and Noadiah son of Binnui were also with them.

Everything was verified by number and weight, and the total weight was recorded at that time.

The exiles who had returned from the captivity^(y) offered burnt offerings to the God of Israel: 12 bulls for all Israel, 96 rams, and 77 lambs, along with 12 male goats as a sin offering. All this was a burnt offering for the Lord .^(z)

They also delivered the king's edicts to the royal satraps and governors of the region west of the Euphrates,^(aa) so that they would support the people and the house of God.^(ab)

After these things had been done, the leaders approached me and said: "The people of Israel, the priests, and the Levites have not separated themselves^(a) from the surrounding peoples whose detestable practices^(b) are like those of the Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Jebusites, Ammonites, Moabites, Egyptians, and Amorites.^(c)

Indeed, the Israelite men^[a] have taken some of their daughters as wives for themselves and their sons, so that the holy seed^(d) has become mixed with the surrounding peoples.^(e) The leaders^[b] and officials have taken the lead in this unfaithfulness!"^(f)

When I heard this report, I tore my tunic and robe, pulled out some of the hair from my head and beard, and sat down devastated.^(g)

Everyone who trembled at the words of the God of Israel^(h) gathered around me, because of the unfaithfulness of the exiles,⁽ⁱ⁾ while I sat devastated until the evening offering.^(j)

At the evening offering, I got up from my humiliation, with my tunic and robe torn. Then I fell on my knees and spread out my hands to Yahweh my God.^(k)

And I said:^(l) My God, I am ashamed and embarrassed to lift my face toward You, my God, because our iniquities are higher than our heads and our guilt is as high as the heavens.^(m)

Our guilt has been terrible from the days of our fathers until the present. Because of our iniquities we have been handed over, along with our kings and priests, to the surrounding kings, and to the sword, captivity, plundering, and open shame,⁽ⁿ⁾ as it is today.

But now, for a brief moment, grace has come from Yahweh our God to preserve a remnant^(o) for us and give us a stake^(p) in His holy place. Even in our slavery, God has given us new life and light to our eyes.^(q)

Though we are slaves,^(r) our God has not abandoned us in our slavery. He has extended grace to us in the presence of the Persian kings,^(s) giving us new life, so that we can rebuild the house of our God and repair its ruins,^(t) to give us a wall in Judah and Jerusalem.

Now, our God, what can we say in light of^[c] this? For we have abandoned the commands

You gave through Your servants the prophets, saying: "The land you are entering to possess is an impure land. The surrounding peoples have filled it from end to end with their uncleanness by their impurity and detestable practices.^(u)

So do not give your daughters to their sons in marriage or take their daughters for your sons.^(v) Never seek their peace or prosperity,^(w) so that you will be strong, eat the good things of the land, and leave it as an inheritance to your sons forever."

After all that has happened to us because of our evil deeds and terrible guilt—though You, our God, have punished us less than our sins deserve and have allowed us to survive^[d](x)—

should we break Your commands again and intermarry with the peoples who commit these detestable practices?^(y) Wouldn't You become so angry with us that You would destroy us, leaving no survivors?^(z)

Lord God of Israel, You are righteous, for we survive as a remnant^(aa) today. Here we are before You with our guilt, though no one can stand in Your presence because of this.^(ab)

While Ezra prayed and confessed, weeping and falling facedown^(a) before the house of God, an extremely large assembly of Israelite men, women, and children gathered around him. The people also wept bitterly.^(b)

Then Shecaniah son of Jehiel,^(c) an Elamite, responded to Ezra: "We have been unfaithful to our God by marrying foreign women from the surrounding peoples,^(d) but there is still hope for Israel in spite of this.

Let us therefore make a covenant before our God^(e) to send away all the foreign wives and their children, according to the counsel of my lord and of those who tremble at the command of our God.^(f) Let it be done according to the law.

Get up, for this matter is your responsibility,^(g) and we support you. Be strong and take action!"^(h)

Then Ezra got up and made the leading priests, Levites, and all Israel take an oath to do what had been said; so they took the oath.⁽ⁱ⁾

Ezra then went from the house of God and walked to the chamber of Jehohanan son of Eliashib, where he spent the night.^[a] He did not eat food or drink water, because he was mourning over the unfaithfulness of the exiles.^(j)

They circulated a proclamation throughout Judah and Jerusalem that all the exiles should gather at Jerusalem.

Whoever did not come within three days would forfeit all his possessions,^[b] according to the decision of the leaders and elders, and would be excluded^(k) from the assembly of the exiles.

So all the men of Judah and Benjamin gathered in Jerusalem within the three days. On the twentieth day of the ninth month, all the people sat in the square at the house of God,^(l) trembling because of this matter and because of the heavy rain.

Then Ezra the priest stood up and said to them, "You have been unfaithful by marrying foreign women, adding to Israel's guilt.^(m)

Therefore, make a confession to Yahweh the God of your fathers and do His will. Separate yourselves from the surrounding peoples and your foreign wives."

Then all the assembly responded with a loud voice: "Yes, we will do as you say!

But there are many people, and it is the rainy season. We don't have the stamina to stay out in the open. This isn't something that can be done in a day or two, for we have rebelled terribly in this matter.

Let our leaders represent the entire assembly. Then let all those in our towns who have married foreign women come at appointed times, together with the elders and judges of each town, in order to avert the fierce anger of our God⁽ⁿ⁾ concerning^[c] this matter."

Only Jonathan son of Asahel and Jahzeiah son of Tikvah opposed this, with Meshullam^(o) and Shabbethai the Levite supporting them.

The exiles did what had been proposed. Ezra the priest selected men^[d] who were family leaders, all identified by name, to represent^[e] their ancestral houses. They convened on the first day of the tenth month to investigate the matter,

and by the first day of the first month they had dealt with all the men who had married foreign women.

The following were found to have married foreign women from the descendants of the priests: from the descendants of Jeshua son of Jozadak and his brothers: Maaseiah, Eliezer, Jarib, and Gedaliah.

¹⁹They pledged^[f] to send their wives away, and being guilty, they offered a ram from the flock for their guilt;^(p)

Hanani and Zebadiah from Immer's^(q) descendants;

Maaseiah, Elijah, Shemaiah, Jehiel, and Uzziah from Harim's^(r) descendants;

Elioenai, Maaseiah, Ishmael, Nethanel, Jozabad, and Elasah from Pashhur's^(s) descendants.

The Levites:^(t) Jozabad, Shimei, Kelaiah (that is Kelita), Pethahiah, Judah, and Eliezer.

The singers:^(u) Eliashib. The gatekeepers:^(v) Shallum, Telem, and Uri.

The Israelites:^(w) Parosh's descendants:^(x) Ramiah, Izziah, Malchijah, Mijamin, Eleazar, Malchijah,^[g] and Benaiah;

Elam's descendants:^(y) Mattaniah, Zechariah, Jehiel, Abdi, Jeremoth, and Elijah;

Zattu's descendants:^(z) Elioenai, Eliashib, Mattaniah, Jeremoth, Zabad, and Aziza;

Bebai's descendants:^(aa) Jehohanan, Hananiah, Zabbai, and Athlai;

Bani's descendants:^(ab) Meshullam, Malluch, Adaiah, Jashub, Sheal, and Jeremoth;

Pahath-moab's descendants:^(ac) Adna, Chelal, Benaiah, Maaseiah, Mattaniah, Bezalel, Binnui, and Manasseh;

Harim's descendants:^(ad) Eliezer, Isshijah, Malchijah, Shemaiah, Shimeon,

³²Benjamin, Malluch, and Shemariah;

Hashum's descendants:^(ae) Mattenai, Mattattah, Zabad, Eliphelet, Jeremai, Manasseh, and Shimei;

Bani's descendants:^(af) Maadai, Amram, Uel,

³⁵Benaiah, Bedeiah, Cheluhi,

³⁶Vaniah, Meremoth, Eliashib,

³⁷Mattaniah, Mattenai, Jaasu,

³⁸Bani, Binnui, Shimei,

³⁹Shelemiah, Nathan, Adaiah,

⁴⁰Machnadebai, Shashai, Sharai,

⁴¹Azarel, Shelemiah, Shemariah,

⁴²Shallum, Amariah, and Joseph;

Nebo's descendants:^(ag) Jeiel, Mattithiah, Zabad, Zebina, Jaddai, Joel, and Benaiah.

All of these^(ah) had married foreign women, and some of the wives had given birth to children.^(ai)