Study Desk

Clean and Unclean Food^(a)

You are the children^(b) of the Lord your God. Do not cut yourselves or shave the front of your heads for the dead,

for you are a people holy^(c) to the Lord your God.^(d) Out of all the peoples on the face of the earth, the Lord has chosen you to be his treasured possession.^(e)

Do not eat any detestable thing.^(f)

These are the animals you may eat:^(g) the ox, the sheep, the goat,^(h)

the deer,⁽ⁱ⁾ the gazelle, the roe deer, the wild goat,^(j) the ibex, the antelope and the mountain sheep.^[a]

You may eat any animal that has a divided hoof and that chews the cud.

However, of those that chew the cud or that have a divided hoof you may not eat the camel, the rabbit or the hyrax. Although they chew the cud, they do not have a divided hoof; they are ceremonially unclean for you.

The pig is also unclean; although it has a divided hoof, it does not chew the cud. You are not to eat their meat or touch their carcasses.^(k)

Of all the creatures living in the water, you may eat any that has fins and scales.

But anything that does not have fins and scales you may not eat; for you it is unclean.

You may eat any clean bird.

But these you may not eat: the eagle, the vulture, the black vulture,

the red kite, the black kite, any kind^(l) of falcon,^(m)

any kind of raven,⁽ⁿ⁾

the horned owl, the screech owl, the gull, any kind of hawk,

the little owl, the great owl, the white owl,

the desert owl,^(o) the osprey, the cormorant,

the stork, any kind of heron, the hoopoe and the bat.

All flying insects are unclean to you; do not eat them.

But any winged creature that is clean you may eat.^(p)

Do not eat anything you find already dead.^(q) You may give it to the foreigner residing in any of your towns, and they may eat it, or you may sell it to any other foreigner. But you are a people holy to the Lord your God.^(r) Do not cook a young goat in its mother's milk.^(s)

Be sure to set aside a tenth^(t) of all that your fields produce each year.

Eat^(u) the tithe of your grain, new wine^(v) and olive oil, and the firstborn of your herds and flocks in the presence of the Lord your God at the place he will choose as a dwelling for his Name,^(w) so that you may learn^(x) to revere^(y) the Lord your God always.

But if that place is too distant and you have been blessed by the Lord your God and cannot carry your tithe (because the place where the Lord will choose to put his Name is so far away),

then exchange^(z) your tithe for silver, and take the silver with you and go to the place the Lord your God will choose.

Use the silver to buy whatever you like: cattle, sheep, wine or other fermented drink,^(aa) or anything you wish. Then you and your household shall eat there in the presence of the Lord your God and rejoice.^(ab)

And do not neglect the Levites^(ac) living in your towns, for they have no allotment or inheritance of their own.^(ad)

At the end of every three years, bring all the tithes^(ae) of that year's produce and store it in your towns,^(af)

so that the Levites (who have no allotment^(ag) or inheritance^(ah) of their own) and the foreigners,^(ai) the fatherless and the widows who live in your towns may come and eat and be satisfied,^(aj) and so that the Lord your God may bless^(ak) you in all the work of your hands.

The Year for Canceling Debts^(a)

At the end of every seven years you must cancel debts.^(b)

This is how it is to be done: Every creditor shall cancel any loan they have made to a fellow Israelite. They shall not require payment from anyone among their own people, because the Lord 's time for canceling debts has been proclaimed.

You may require payment from a foreigner,^(c) but you must cancel any debt your fellow Israelite owes you.

However, there need be no poor people among you, for in the land the Lord your God is giving you to possess as your inheritance, he will richly bless^(d) you,

if only you fully obey the Lord your God and are careful to follow^(e) all these commands I am giving you today.

For the Lord your God will bless you as he has promised, and you will lend to many nations but will borrow from none. You will rule over many nations but none will rule over you.^(f)

If anyone is poor^(g) among your fellow Israelites in any of the towns of the land the Lord your God is giving you, do not be hardhearted or tightfisted^(h) toward them.

Rather, be openhanded⁽ⁱ⁾ and freely lend them whatever they need.

Be careful not to harbor this wicked thought: "The seventh year, the year for canceling debts,^(j) is near," so that you do not show ill will^(k) toward the needy among your fellow Israelites and give them nothing. They may then appeal to the Lord against you, and you will be found guilty of sin.^(l)

Give generously to them and do so without a grudging heart;^(m) then because of this the Lord your God will bless⁽ⁿ⁾ you in all your work and in everything you put your hand to.

There will always be poor people^(o) in the land. Therefore I command you to be openhanded toward your fellow Israelites who are poor and needy in your land.^(p)

If any of your people—Hebrew men or women—sell themselves to you and serve you six years, in the seventh year you must let them go free.^(s)

And when you release them, do not send them away empty-handed.

Supply them liberally from your flock, your threshing floor^(t) and your winepress. Give to them as the Lord your God has blessed you.

Remember that you were slaves^(u) in Egypt and the Lord your God redeemed you.^(v) That is why I give you this command today.

But if your servant says to you, "I do not want to leave you," because he loves you and your family and is well off with you,

then take an awl and push it through his earlobe into the door, and he will become your servant for life. Do the same for your female servant.

Do not consider it a hardship to set your servant free, because their service to you these six years has been worth twice as much as that of a hired hand. And the Lord your God will bless you in everything you do.

Set apart for the Lord ^(w) your God every firstborn male^(x) of your herds and flocks.^(y) Do not put the firstborn of your cows to work, and do not shear the firstborn of your sheep.^(z)

Each year you and your family are to eat them in the presence of the Lord your God at the place he will choose.^(aa)

If an animal has a defect,^(ab) is lame or blind, or has any serious flaw, you must not sacrifice it to the Lord your God.^(ac)

You are to eat it in your own towns. Both the ceremonially unclean and the clean may eat it, as if it were gazelle or deer.^(ad)

But you must not eat the blood; pour it out on the ground like water.^(ae)

The Passover^(a)

Observe the month of Aviv^(b) and celebrate the Passover^(c) of the Lord your God, because in the month of Aviv he brought you out of Egypt by night.

Sacrifice as the Passover to the Lord your God an animal from your flock or herd at the place the Lord will choose as a dwelling for his Name.^(d)

Do not eat it with bread made with yeast, but for seven days eat unleavened bread, the bread of affliction,^(e) because you left Egypt in haste^(f)—so that all the days of your life you may remember the time of your departure from Egypt.^(g)

Let no yeast be found in your possession in all your land for seven days. Do not let any of the meat you sacrifice on the evening^(h) of the first day remain until morning.⁽ⁱ⁾

You must not sacrifice the Passover in any town the Lord your God gives you

except in the place he will choose as a dwelling for his Name. There you must sacrifice the Passover in the evening, when the sun goes down, on the anniversary^[a](j) of your departure from Egypt.

Roast^(k) it and eat it at the place the Lord your God will choose. Then in the morning return to your tents.

For six days eat unleavened bread and on the seventh day hold an assembly^(l) to the Lord your God and do no work.^(m)

Count off seven weeks^(o) from the time you begin to put the sickle to the standing grain.^(p)

Then celebrate the Festival of Weeks to the Lord your God by giving a freewill offering in proportion to the blessings the Lord your God has given you.

And rejoice^(q) before the Lord your God at the place he will choose as a dwelling for his Name^(r)—you, your sons and daughters, your male and female servants, the Levites^(s) in your towns, and the foreigners,^(t) the fatherless and the widows living among you.^(u)

Remember that you were slaves in Egypt,^(v) and follow carefully these decrees.

Celebrate the Festival of Tabernacles for seven days after you have gathered the produce of your threshing floor^(x) and your winepress.^(y)

Be joyful^(z) at your festival—you, your sons and daughters, your male and female servants, and the Levites, the foreigners, the fatherless and the widows who live in your towns.

For seven days celebrate the festival to the Lord your God at the place the Lord will choose. For the Lord your God will bless you in all your harvest and in all the work of your hands, and your joy^(aa) will be complete.

Three times a year all your men must appear^(ab) before the Lord your God at the place he will choose: at the Festival of Unleavened Bread,^(ac) the Festival of Weeks and the Festival of Tabernacles.^(ad) No one should appear before the Lord empty-handed:^(ae)

Each of you must bring a gift in proportion to the way the Lord your God has blessed you.

Appoint judges^(af) and officials for each of your tribes in every town the Lord your God is giving you, and they shall judge the people fairly.^(ag)

Do not pervert justice^(ah) or show partiality.^(ai) Do not accept a bribe,^(aj) for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and twists the words of the innocent.

Follow justice and justice alone, so that you may live and possess the land the Lord your God is giving you.

Do not set up any wooden Asherah pole^(ak) beside the altar you build to the Lord your God,^(al)

and do not erect a sacred stone,^(am) for these the Lord your God hates.