Study Desk

Hannah prayed:^(a) My heart rejoices in the Lord ;^(b) my horn is lifted up by the Lord . My mouth boasts over my enemies, because I rejoice in Your salvation.^(c)

There is no one holy like the Lord .^(d) There is no one besides You!^(e) And there is no rock like our God.^(f)

Do not boast so proudly, or let arrogant words come out of your mouth, for the Lord is a God of knowledge, and actions are weighed by Him.^(g)

The bows of the warriors are broken,^(h) but the feeble are clothed with strength.⁽ⁱ⁾

Those who are full hire themselves out for food, but those who are starving hunger no more. The woman who is childless gives birth to seven,^(j) but the woman with many sons pines away.^(k)

The Lord brings death and gives life;^(l) He sends some to Sheol, and He raises others up.^(m)

The Lord brings poverty and gives wealth;⁽ⁿ⁾ He humbles and He exalts.^(o)

He raises the poor from the dust^(p) and lifts the needy from the garbage pile.^(q) He seats them with noblemen^(r) and gives them a throne of honor.^[a] For the foundations of the earth are the Lord 's;^(s) He has set the world on them.^(t)

He guards the steps^[b] of His faithful ones,^(u) but the wicked perish in darkness,^(v) for a man does not prevail by his own strength.^(w)

Those who oppose the Lord will be shattered;^[c](x) He will thunder in the heavens against them.^(y) The Lord will judge the ends of the earth.^(z) He will give power to His king; He will lift up the horn of His anointed.^(aa)

Elkanah went home to Ramah,^(ab) but the boy served the Lord in the presence of Eli the priest.^(ac)

Eli's sons were wicked men;^(ad) they had no regard for the Lord ^(ae)

or for the priests' share of the sacrifices from the people. When any man offered a sacrifice, the priest's servant would come with a three-pronged meat fork while the meat was boiling

and plunge it into the container or kettle or cauldron or cooking pot.^(af) The priest would claim for himself whatever the meat fork brought up. This is the way they treated all the Israelites who came there to Shiloh.

Even before the fat was burned,^(ag) the priest's servant would come and say to the man who was sacrificing, "Give the priest some meat to roast, because he won't accept boiled meat from you—only raw."

If that man said to him, "The fat must be burned first; then you can take whatever you want for yourself,"^(ah) the servant would reply, "No, I insist that you hand it over right now. If you don't, I'll take it by force!"

So the servants' sin was very severe in the presence of the Lord , because they treated the Lord 's offering with contempt.^(ai)

The boy Samuel served in the Lord 's presence^(aj) and wore a linen ephod.^(ak)

Each year his mother made him a little robe^(al) and took it to him when she went with her husband to offer the annual sacrifice.^(am)

Eli would bless Elkanah and his wife:^(an) "May the Lord give you children by this woman in place of the one she^[d] has given to the Lord ."^(ao) Then they would go home.

The Lord paid attention to Hannah's need,^(ap) and she conceived and gave birth to three sons and two daughters. Meanwhile, the boy Samuel grew up in the presence of the Lord .^(aq)

Now Eli was very old. He heard about everything his sons were doing to all Israel^(ar) and how they were sleeping with the women who served at the entrance to the tent of meeting.^(as)

He said to them, "Why are you doing these things? I have heard about your evil actions from all these people.

No, my sons, the report I hear from the Lord 's people is not good.

If a man sins against another man, God can intercede for him, but if a man sins against the Lord , who can intercede for him?"^(at) But they would not listen to their father, since the Lord intended to kill them.^(au)

By contrast, the boy Samuel grew in stature and in favor with the Lord and with men.^(av)

A man of God came to Eli and said to him,^(aw) "This is what the Lord says: ‘Didn't I reveal Myself to your ancestral house when it was in Egypt and belonged to Pharaoh's palace?^(ax)

Out of all the tribes of Israel, I selected your house^[e] to be priests, to offer sacrifices on My altar, to burn incense, and to wear an ephod in My presence.^(ay) I also gave your house all the Israelite fire offerings.

Why, then, do all of you despise My sacrifices and offerings that I require at the place of worship?^(az) You have honored your sons more than Me,^(ba) by making yourselves fat with the best part of all of the offerings of My people Israel.'

"Therefore, this is the declaration of the Lord , the God of Israel: ‘Although I said your family and your ancestral house would walk before Me forever,^(bb) the Lord now says, "No longer!" I will honor those who honor Me,^(bc) but those who despise Me will be disgraced.^(bd)

"‘Look, the days are coming when I will cut off your strength and the strength of your ancestral family, so that none in your family will reach old age.^(be)

You will see distress in the place of worship,^(bf) in spite of all that is good in Israel, and no one in your family will ever again reach old age.^(bg)

Any man from your family I do not cut off from My altar will bring grief^[f] and sadness to you. All your descendants will die violently.^[g][h]

This will be the sign that will come to you concerning your two sons Hophni and Phinehas:^(bh) both of them will die on the same day.^(bi)

"‘Then I will raise up a faithful priest^(bj) for Myself. He will do whatever is in My heart and mind. I will establish a lasting dynasty for him,^(bk) and he will walk before My anointed one for all time.^(bl)

Anyone who is left in your family will come and bow down to him for a piece of silver or a loaf of bread. He will say: Please appoint me to some priestly office so I can have a piece of bread to eat.'"

The boy Samuel served the Lord in Eli's presence.^(a) In those days the word of the Lord was rare and prophetic visions were not widespread.^(b)

One day Eli, whose eyesight was failing,^(c) was lying in his room.

Before the lamp of God had gone out,^(d) Samuel was lying down in the tabernacle of the Lord , where the ark of God was located.

Then the Lord called Samuel,^[a] and he answered, "Here I am."

He ran to Eli and said, "Here I am; you called me." "I didn't call," Eli replied. "Go back and lie down." So he went and lay down.

Once again the Lord called, "Samuel!" Samuel got up, went to Eli, and said, "Here I am; you called me." "I didn't call, my son," he replied. "Go back and lie down."

Now Samuel had not yet experienced the Lord , because the word of the Lord had not yet been revealed to him.

Once again, for the third time, the Lord called Samuel. He got up, went to Eli, and said, "Here I am; you called me." Then Eli understood that the Lord was calling the boy.

He told Samuel, "Go and lie down. If He calls you, say, ‘Speak, Lord , for Your servant is listening.'" So Samuel went and lay down in his place.

The Lord came, stood there, and called as before, "Samuel, Samuel!" Samuel responded, "Speak, for Your servant is listening."

The Lord said to Samuel, "I am about to do something in Israel that everyone who hears about it will shudder.^(e)

On that day I will carry out against Eli everything I said about his family, from beginning to end.^(f)

I told him that I am going to judge his family forever because of the iniquity he knows about: his sons are defiling the sanctuary,^[b] and he has not stopped them.^(g)

Therefore, I have sworn to Eli's family: The iniquity of Eli's family will never be wiped out by either sacrifice or offering."^(h)

Samuel lay down until the morning; then he opened the doors of the Lord 's house. He was afraid to tell Eli the vision,

but Eli called him and said, "Samuel, my son." "Here I am," answered Samuel.

"What was the message He gave you?" Eli asked. "Don't hide it from me. May God punish you and do so severely if you hide anything from me that He told you."⁽ⁱ⁾

So Samuel told him everything and did not hide anything from him. Eli responded, "He is the Lord . He will do what He thinks is good."^[c](j)

Samuel grew,^(k) and the Lord was with him,^(l) and He fulfilled everything Samuel prophesied.^[d](m)

All Israel from Dan to Beer-sheba knew that Samuel was a confirmed prophet of the Lord .⁽ⁿ⁾

The Lord continued to appear in Shiloh, because there He revealed Himself to Samuel by His word.^(o)

¹And Samuel's words came to all Israel. Israel went out to meet the Philistines in battle and^[a] camped at Ebenezer^(a) while the Philistines camped at Aphek.^(b)

The Philistines lined up in battle formation against Israel, and as the battle intensified, Israel was defeated by the Philistines, who struck down about 4,000 men on the battlefield.

When the troops returned to the camp, the elders of Israel asked, "Why did the Lord let us be defeated today by the Philistines?^(c) Let's bring the ark of the Lord 's covenant from Shiloh. Then it^[b] will go with us and save us from the hand of our enemies."^(d)

So the people sent men to Shiloh to bring back the ark of the covenant of the Lord of Hosts, who dwells between the cherubim.^(e) Eli's two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, were there with the ark of the covenant of God.

When the ark of the covenant of the Lord entered the camp, all the Israelites raised such a loud shout that the ground shook.^(f)

The Philistines heard the sound of the war cry and asked, "What's this loud shout in the Hebrews' camp?" When the Philistines discovered that the ark of the Lord had entered the camp,

they panicked. "The gods have entered their camp!" they said. "Woe to us, nothing like this has happened before.^[c]

Woe to us, who will rescue us from the hand of these magnificent gods? These are the gods that slaughtered the Egyptians with all kinds of plagues in the wilderness.

Show some courage and be men, Philistines!^(g) Otherwise, you'll serve the Hebrews just as they served you.^(h) Now be men and fight!"

So the Philistines fought, and Israel was defeated,⁽ⁱ⁾ and each man fled to his tent.^(j) The slaughter was severe—30,000 of the Israelite foot soldiers fell.

The ark of God was captured, and Eli's two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, died.^(k)

That same day, a Benjaminite man ran^(l) from the battle and came to Shiloh. His clothes were torn,^(m) and there was dirt on his head.

When he arrived, there was Eli sitting on his chair beside the road watching,⁽ⁿ⁾ because he was anxious about the ark of God. When the man entered the city to give a report, the entire city cried out.

Eli heard the outcry and asked, "Why this commotion?" The man quickly came and reported to Eli.

At that time Eli was 98 years old, and his gaze was fixed^[d] because he couldn't see.^(o)

The man said to Eli, "I'm the one who came from the battle.^[e] I fled from there today." "What happened, my son?"^(p) Eli asked.

The messenger answered, "Israel has fled from the Philistines, and also there was a great slaughter among the people. Your two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, are both dead, and the ark of God has been captured."

When he mentioned the ark of God, Eli fell backward off the chair by the city gate,^(q) and since he was old and heavy, his neck broke and he died. Eli had judged Israel 40 years.

Eli's daughter-in-law, the wife of Phinehas, was pregnant and about to give birth. When she heard the news about the capture of God's ark and the deaths of her father-in-law and her husband, she collapsed and gave birth because her labor pains came on her.

As she was dying,^[f] the women taking care of her said, "Don't be afraid. You've given birth to a son!"^(r) But she did not respond or pay attention.

She named the boy Ichabod,^[g] saying, "The glory has departed from Israel,"^(s) referring to the capture of the ark of God^(t) and to the deaths of her father-in-law and her husband.

"The glory has departed from Israel," she said, "because the ark of God has been captured."