Study Desk

Judah and Israel were as numerous as the sand by the sea;^(d) they were eating, drinking, and rejoicing.

^[b]Solomon ruled over all the kingdoms from the Euphrates River to the land of the Philistines and as far as the border of Egypt.^(e) They offered tribute and served Solomon all the days of his life.^(f)

Solomon's provisions for one day were 150 bushels^[c] of fine flour and 300 bushels^[d] of meal,

10 fattened oxen, 20 range oxen, and 100 sheep, besides deer, gazelles, roebucks, and pen-fed poultry,^[e](g)

for he had dominion over everything west of the Euphrates from Tiphsah to Gaza and over all the kings west of the Euphrates. He had peace on all his surrounding borders.

Throughout Solomon's reign, Judah and Israel lived in safety from Dan to Beer-sheba,^(h) each man under his own vine and his own fig tree.⁽ⁱ⁾

Solomon had 40,000^[f] stalls of horses for his chariots, and 12,000 horsemen.^(j)

Each of those deputies for a month in turn provided food for King Solomon and for everyone who came to King Solomon's table. They neglected nothing.

Each man brought the barley and the straw for the chariot teams and the other horses^(k) to the required place according to his assignment.^[g]

God gave Solomon wisdom, very great insight, and understanding^(l) as vast as the sand on the seashore.

Solomon's wisdom was greater than the wisdom of all the people of the East,^(m) greater than all the wisdom of Egypt.⁽ⁿ⁾

He was wiser than anyone^(o)—wiser than Ethan the Ezrahite,^(p) and Heman, Calcol, and Darda, sons of Mahol.^(q) His reputation extended to all the surrounding nations.^(r)

Solomon composed 3,000 proverbs,^(s) and his songs numbered 1,005.^(t)

He described trees, from the cedar in Lebanon to the hyssop growing out of the wall. He also taught about animals, birds, reptiles, and fish.

People came from everywhere, sent by every king on earth who had heard of his wisdom, to listen to Solomon's wisdom.^(u)

^[a]Hiram king of Tyre^(a) sent his servants to Solomon when he heard that he had been anointed king in his father's place,^(b) for Hiram had always been friends with David.^(c)

Solomon sent this message to Hiram:

"You know my father David was not able to build a temple for the name of Yahweh his God. This was because of the warfare all around him until the Lord put his enemies under his feet.^(d)

The Lord my God has now given me rest all around; there is no enemy or crisis.^(e)

So I plan to build a temple for the name of Yahweh my God,^(f) according to what the Lord promised my father David: ‘I will put your son on your throne in your place, and he will build the temple for My name.'^(g)

"Therefore, command that cedars from Lebanon be cut down for me. My servants will be with your servants, and I will pay your servants' wages according to whatever you say, for you know that not a man among us knows how to cut timber like the Sidonians."^(h)

When Hiram heard Solomon's words, he greatly rejoiced and said, "May the Lord be praised today!⁽ⁱ⁾ He has given David a wise son to be over this great people!"

Then Hiram sent a reply to Solomon, saying, "I have heard your message; I will do everything you want regarding the cedar and cypress timber.

My servants will bring the logs down from Lebanon to the sea, and I will make them into rafts to go by sea to the place you indicate. I will break them apart there, and you can take them away. You then can meet my needs by providing my household with food."^(j)

So Hiram provided Solomon with all the cedar and cypress timber he wanted,

and Solomon provided Hiram with 100,000 bushels^[b] of wheat as food for his household and 110,000 gallons^[c] of oil from crushed olives.^(k) Solomon did this for Hiram year after year.

The Lord gave Solomon wisdom, as He had promised him.^(l) There was peace between Hiram and Solomon, and the two of them made a treaty.^(m)

Then King Solomon drafted forced laborers from all Israel;⁽ⁿ⁾ the labor force numbered 30,000 men.

He sent 10,000 to Lebanon each month in shifts; one month they were in Lebanon, two months they were at home. Adoniram was in charge of the forced labor.

Solomon had 70,000 porters and 80,000 stonecutters in the mountains,^(o)

not including his 3,300^[d] deputies^(p) in charge of the work. They ruled over the people doing the work.

The king commanded them to quarry large, costly stones to lay the foundation of the temple with dressed stones.^(q)

So Solomon's builders and Hiram's builders,^(r) along with the Gebalites,^(s) quarried the stone and prepared the timber and stone for the temple's construction.

Solomon began to build the temple for the Lord in the four hundred eightieth year^(a) after the Israelites came out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of his reign over Israel, in the second month, in the month of Ziv.^[a](b)

The temple that King Solomon built for the Lord ^(c) was 90 feet^[b] long, 30 feet^[c] wide, and 45 feet^[d] high.^(d)

The portico in front of the temple sanctuary was 30 feet^[e] long extending across the temple's width, and 15 feet deep^[f] in front of the temple.^(e)

He also made windows with beveled frames^[g] for the temple.^(f)

He then built a chambered structure^[h] along the temple wall, encircling the walls of the temple, that is, the sanctuary and the inner sanctuary.^(g) And he made side chambers^[i] all around.^(h)

The lowest chamber was 7½ feet^[j] wide, the middle was nine feet^[k] wide, and the third was 10½ feet^[l] wide. He also provided offset ledges for the temple all around the outside so that nothing would be inserted into the temple walls.

The temple's construction used finished stones cut at the quarry so that no hammer, chisel, or any iron tool was heard in the temple while it was being built.⁽ⁱ⁾

The door for the lowest^[m] side chamber was on the right side of the temple. They^[n] went up a stairway^[o] to the middle chamber, and from the middle to the third.

When he finished building the temple,^(j) he paneled it with boards and planks of cedar.

He built the chambers along the entire temple, joined to the temple with cedar beams;^(k) each story was 7½ feet^[p] high.

The word of the Lord came to Solomon:^(l)

"As for this temple you are building—if you walk in My statutes, observe My ordinances, and keep all My commands by walking in them,^(m) I will fulfill My promise to you, which I made to your father David.⁽ⁿ⁾

I will live among the Israelites and not abandon My people Israel."^(o)

When Solomon finished building the temple,^[q](p)

he paneled the interior temple walls with cedar boards; from the temple floor to the surface of the ceiling he overlaid the interior with wood. He also overlaid the floor with cypress boards.^(q)

Then he lined 30 feet^[r] of the rear of the temple with cedar boards from the floor to the surface of the ceiling,^[s] and he built the interior as an inner sanctuary, the most holy place.^(r)

The temple, that is, the sanctuary in front of the most holy place,^[t] was 60 feet^[u] long.

The cedar paneling inside the temple was carved with ornamental gourds^(s) and flower blossoms. Everything was cedar;^(t) not a stone could be seen.

He prepared the inner sanctuary^(u) inside the temple to put the ark of the Lord 's covenant^(v) there.

The interior of the sanctuary was 30 feet^[v] long, 30 feet^[w] wide, and 30 feet^[x] high; he overlaid it with pure gold.^(w) He also overlaid the cedar altar.

Next, Solomon overlaid the interior of the temple with pure gold, and he hung^[y] gold chains^(x) across the front of the inner sanctuary^(y) and overlaid it with gold.

So he added the gold overlay to the entire temple until everything was completely finished, including the entire altar^(z) that belongs to the inner sanctuary.

In the inner sanctuary he made two cherubim^(aa) 15 feet^[z] high out of olive wood.

One wing of the first cherub was 7½ feet long,^[aa] and the other wing was 7½ feet long. The wingspan was 15 feet^[ab] from tip to tip.

The second cherub also was 15 feet;^[ac] both cherubim had the same size and shape.

The first cherub's height was 15 feet^[ad] and so was the second cherub's.

Then he put the cherubim inside the inner temple. Since their wings were spread out, the first one's wing touched one wall while the second cherub's wing touched the other^[ae] wall, and in the middle of the temple their wings were touching wing to wing.^(ab)

He also overlaid the cherubim with gold.

He carved all the surrounding temple walls with carved engravings—cherubim,^(ac) palm trees and flower blossoms—in both the inner and outer sanctuaries.

He overlaid the temple floor with gold in both the inner and outer sanctuaries.

For the entrance of the inner sanctuary, he made olive wood doors.^(ad) The pillars of the doorposts were five-sided.^[af]

The two doors were made of olive wood. He carved cherubim, palm trees, and flower blossoms on them and overlaid them with gold, hammering gold over the cherubim and palm trees.

In the same way, he made four-sided^[ag] olive wood doorposts for the sanctuary entrance.

The two doors^(ae) were made of cypress wood; the first door had two folding sides, and the second door had two folding panels.

He carved cherubim, palm trees, and flower blossoms on them and overlaid them with gold applied evenly over the carving.

He built the inner courtyard^(af) with three rows of dressed stone^(ag) and a row of trimmed cedar beams.

The foundation of the Lord 's temple was laid in Solomon's fourth year in the month of Ziv.

In his eleventh year in the eighth month, in the month of Bul,^[ah] the temple was completed in every detail and according to every specification.^(ah) So he built it in seven years.^(ai)

Solomon completed his entire palace complex after 13 years of construction.^(a)

He built the House of the Forest of Lebanon.^(b) It was 150 feet^[a] long, 75 feet^[b] wide, and 45 feet^[c] high on four rows of cedar pillars, with cedar beams on top of the pillars.

It was paneled above with cedar at the top of the chambers that rested on 45 pillars, 15 per row.

There were three rows of window frames, facing each other^[d] in three tiers.^[e](c)

All the doors and doorposts had rectangular frames, the openings facing each other^[f] in three tiers.^[g]

He made the hall of pillars 75 feet^[h] long and 45 feet^[i] wide. A portico was in front of the pillars, and a canopy with pillars^[j] was in front of them.

He made the Hall of the Throne where he would judge^(d)—the Hall of Judgment. It was paneled with cedar from the floor to the rafters.^[k]

Solomon's own palace where he would live, in the other courtyard behind the hall, was of similar construction. And he made a house like this hall for Pharaoh's daughter, his wife.^[l](e)

All of these buildings were of costly stones, cut to size and sawed with saws on the inner and outer surfaces, from foundation to coping and from the outside to the great courtyard.

The foundation was made of large, costly stones 12 and 15 feet^[m] long.

Above were also costly stones, cut to size, as well as cedar wood.

Around the great courtyard, as well as the inner courtyard of the Lord 's temple and the portico of the temple, were three rows of dressed stone and a row of trimmed cedar beams.^(f)

King Solomon had Hiram^[n](g) brought from Tyre.

He was a widow's son from the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a bronze craftsman. Hiram had great skill,^(h) understanding, and knowledge to do every kind of bronze work. So he came to King Solomon and carried out all his work.⁽ⁱ⁾

He cast two hollow bronze pillars:^(j) each 27 feet^[o] high and 18 feet^[p] in circumference.^[q](k)

He also made two capitals^(l) of cast bronze to set on top of the pillars; 7½ feet^[r] was the height of the first capital, and 7½ feet^[s] was also the height of the second capital.

The capitals on top of the pillars had gratings of latticework, wreaths^[t] made of chainwork—seven for the first capital and seven for the second.

He made the pillars with two encircling rows of pomegranates on the one grating to cover the capital on top; he did the same for the second capital.

And the capitals on top of the pillars in the portico were shaped like lilies, six feet^[u] high.

The capitals on the two pillars were also immediately above the rounded surface next to the grating, and 200 pomegranates^(m) were in rows encircling each^[v] capital.

He set up the pillars at the portico⁽ⁿ⁾ of the sanctuary: he set up the right pillar and named it Jachin;^[w] then he set up the left pillar and named it Boaz.^[x](o)

The tops of the pillars were shaped like lilies. Then the work of the pillars was completed.^(p)

He made the cast metal reservoir,^[y](q) 15 feet^[z] from brim to brim, perfectly round. It was 7½ feet^[aa] high and 45 feet^[ab] in circumference.

Ornamental gourds^(r) encircled it below the brim, 10 every half yard,^[ac] completely encircling the reservoir.^(s) The gourds were cast in two rows when the reservoir was cast.

It stood on 12 oxen,^(t) three facing north, three facing west, three facing south, and three facing east. The reservoir was on top of them and all their hindquarters were toward the center.

The reservoir was three inches^[ad] thick, and its rim was fashioned like the brim of a cup or of a lily blossom. It held 11,000 gallons.^[ae]

Then he made 10 bronze water carts.^[af](u) Each water cart was six feet^[ag] long, six feet^[ah] wide, and 4½ feet^[ai] high.

This was the design of the carts: They had frames; the frames were between the cross-pieces,

and on the frames between the cross-pieces were lions, oxen, and cherubim.^(v) On the cross-pieces there was a pedestal above, and below the lions and oxen were wreaths of hanging^[aj] work.

Each cart^(w) had four bronze wheels with bronze axles. Underneath the four corners of the basin were cast supports, each next to a wreath.

And the water cart's opening inside the crown on top was 18 inches^[ak] wide. The opening was round, made as a pedestal 27 inches^[al] wide. On it were carvings, but their frames were square, not round.

There were four wheels under the frames, and the wheel axles were part of the water cart; each wheel was 27 inches^[am] tall.

The wheels' design was similar to that of chariot wheels: their axles, rims, spokes, and hubs were all of cast metal.

Four supports were at the four corners of each water cart; each support was one piece with the water cart.

At the top of the cart was a band nine inches^[an] high encircling it; also, at the top of the cart, its braces and its frames were one piece with it.

He engraved cherubim, lions, and palm trees^(x) on the plates of its braces and on its frames, wherever each had space, with encircling wreaths.

In this way he made the 10 water carts using the same casting, dimensions, and shape for all of them.

Then he made 10 bronze basins^(y)—each basin holding 220 gallons^[ao] and each was six feet^[ap] wide—one basin for each of the 10 water carts.

He set five water carts on the right side of the temple and five on the left side. He put the reservoir near the right side of the temple toward the southeast.^(z)