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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #4437 - πυκνός
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- thick, dense, compact
- in reference to time
- frequently, often, recurring
- vigorously, diligently
- often, more frequently, the oftener
- in reference to time
- Book
- Word
- Parsing
did not use
this Strong's Number
πυκνός, ή, όν, poet. also πῠκῐνός, ή, όν, both forms in Ep. (v. infr.) and Lyr., Pi. O. 13.52 ( Sup. ), B. Fr. 1; Aeol. πύκνος Sapph. 1.11, Alc. Supp. 14.9 ( πύκινος is dub. l. Id. 82 ); Trag. πυκνός, exc. S. in lyr., Aj. 1208, Ph. 854; πυκινός once in Com., Eub. 38 (s.v.l.): Lacon. Sup. πουκότατος is corrupt in Simm. 26.17: — close, compact. I of a thing with reference to the close union of its parts, close, firm, solid, πυκινὸς θώρηξ Il. 15.529; χλαῖναν πυκνὴν καὶ μεγάλην Od. 14.521; πυκινὸν νέφος Il. 5.751; πυκινὸν λέχος well-stuffed, firm bed, 9.621, Od. 7.340; πυκνὸν καὶ μαλακόν Il. 14.349; Ἁρμονίης πυκινῷ κρυφῷ Emp. 27.3; σπάρτα πυκνὰ ἐστραμμένα X. An. 4.7.15; π. δέμας Parm. 8.59; of a sponge, Hp. Ulc. 2; π. ὀστοῦν Pl. Ti. 75b, cf. Hp. VM 22; [ σάρκες ] Pl. Ti. 74e; χρυσοῦ πυκνότερον ib. 59b; ἔβενος Thphr. HP 1.5.5; πλεύμων Plu. 2.698b; χωρία ib.650d; πυκινὴν νάπαις Ἄζιλιν Call. Ap. 89; [ ὁ ἐλαιὼν] πυκνός ἐστι τοῖς φυτοῖς overgrown with plants, PFay. 113.8 (i/ii A.D.); ξοῒς χαρακτὴ π. IG 7.3073.104 (Lebad., ii B.C. ); of a woman, thick-set, stocky, Sor. 1.34 .
2. narrow, constricted, οὐ διέρχεται . . ἀρκέουσα ἰκμάς . ., πυκνῆς τῆς ὁδοῦ ἐούσης Hp. Mul. 1.73; πυκνοὺς ἔχουσι τοὺς πόρους τοῦ σώματος Alex.Aphr. Proverbs 1:6 .
II of the parts of a thing, close-packed, crowded, πυκιναὶ κίνυντο φάλαγγες Il. 4.281; τῶν δὲ στίχες ἥατο πυκναί 7.61, etc.; πυκινὸν λόχον εἷσαν 4.392, etc.(v. infr. 111.1 ); πυκνὰ καρήατα λαῶν 11.309; πυκνοὶ ἐφέστασαν ἀλλήλοισιν 13.133, cf. Od. 5.480; σταυροῖσιν πυκινοῖσι Il. 24.453; σταυροὺς . . πυκνοὺς καὶ θαμέας Od. 14.12; of thick plumage, πυκινὰ πτερά 5.53; πτερὰ πυκνά Il. 11.454, 23.879; but πύκνα πτέρα fast-beating wings, Sapph. 1.11 (and so perh. Hom. ll. cc.); freq. of thick foliage, ὕλη, λόχμη, θάμνοι, ὄζοι, ῥωπήϊα, δρυμά, πέταλα, Il. 18.320, Od. 19.439, 5.471, Il. 21.245, Od. 14.473, 10.150, 19.520; π. νέφεα Hes. Op. 553; πυκινοῖσι λίθοισι with close-laid stones, Il. 16.212; πυκινοῖσι . . βελέεσσι with a thick shower of darts, 11.576; πυκνῆσιν λιθάδεσσιν Od. 14.36; τοξεύματα πολλὰ καὶ π. Hdt. 7.218; πυκνοῖς ὄσσοις δεδορκώς, of Argus, A. Pr. 678; πεπλεκτανημέναι π. δράκουσιν, of the Furies, Id. Ch. 1050; of thick-falling rain, snow, etc., πυκνῆς ἀκοῦσαι ψακάδος S. Fr. 636; πυκιναῖς δρόσοις Id. Aj. 1208 (lyr.); πυκνῇ νιφάδι E. Andr. 1129; π. ῥόος a dense current, Emp. 100.14; π. θρίξ X. Cyn. 4.6; π. τρίχες Pl. Prt. 321a; [ δένδρεα ] Hdt. 4.22, cf. X. An. 4.8.2; τὰ μὲν π . . . τὰ δὲ μανὰ κατὰ τὴν φυτείαν Thphr. HP 1.8.2 . in Tactics, in close order, opp. ἀραιός, Ascl. Tact. 4.1 ( Sup. ), Arr. Tact. 11.1 ( Comp. ).
2. of a repeated action, frequent, numerous, πυκνοὺς θεοπρόπους ἴαλλε A. Pr. 658; τῶν π. φιλημάτων Id. Fr. 135; ὀδύναι πυκνόταται Hp. VM 22; πυκινῶν κρεγμῶν ἀκροαζομένα Epich. 109 (anap.); π. ὁδοὺς ἐλθόντα E. Tr. 235; π. βαίνων ἤλυσιν, of a blind man, Id. Ph. 844; ἐν πυκνῷ θεοῦ τροχῷ κυκλεῖται on the oft-revolving wheel, S. Fr. 871.1; μεταβολαὶ πυκνόταται Hp. Aër. 13; πνεῦμα πυκνότερον quicker breathing, Id. Acut. 16; π. σφυγμὸς ἢ μανός Plu. 2.136f; continuous, constant, φῶς Corp.Herm. 16.10; ἐρωτήμασι πυκνοῖς χρώμενοι Th. 7.44; ἡ . . εἰωθυῖά μοι μαντικὴ . . πάνυ πυκνὴ ἦν Pl. Ap. 40a; ἐπιθυμίαι π. τε καὶ σφοδραί Id. R. 573e; τὰς ἐντεύξεις π. ποιεῖσθαι Isoc. 1.20: c. inf., πυκνοτέραν εἰσαφικνεῖσθαι πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ποιεῖν τὴν πόλιν more frequently visited by . ., X. Vect. 5.1 codd.
III of artificial union, well put together, compact, strong, πυκινὸς δόμος, χηλός, θύραι, θάλαμος, κευθμῶνες (v. infr. B. 111.1), Il. 10.267, Od. 13.68, Il. 14.167, Od. 23.229, 10.283; ἀσπὶς ῥινοῖσιν πυκινή Il. 13.804; π. δῶμα Xenoph. 17: hence, close, concealed, πυκινὸς δόλος Il. 6.187; and so perhaps π. λόχος, v. supr. 11.1 .
2. in Music, πυκνόν, τό, part of the tetrachord in which the intervals are small, defined as τὸ ἐκ δύο διαστημάτων συνεστηκὸς ἃ συντεθέντα ἔλαττον διάστημα περιέξει τοῦ λειπομένου διαστήματος ἐν τῷ διὰ τεσσάρων Aristox. Harm. p.24M., cf. Plu. 2.1135b, etc. generally, strong of its kind, sore, excessive, ἄτη Il. 24.480; μελεδῶναι Od. 19.516; ἄχος Il. 16.599 .
metaph. of the mind, shrewd, wise, πυκιναὶ φρένες 14.294, cf. Alc. Supp. 14.9, B. l.c.; νόος Il. 15.461; μήδεα 3.208; βουλή 2.55; ἐφετμή 18.216; μῦθοι Od. 3.23; ἔπος Il. 11.788; θυμός, βουλαί, Pi. P. 4.73, I. 7(6).8; φρήν E. IA 67; μήτιδι πυκνῇ Orac. ap. Hdt. 7.141, cf. IG 3.1320: in Prose, πυκνὴ διάνοια Pl. R. 568a; τὸ π. terseness of expression, D.H. Th. 24 .
2. of persons, sagacious, shrewd, crafty, cunning, Σίσυφος πυκνότατος παλάμαις Pi. O. 13.52; κύων πυκινώτατον ἑρπετόν Id. Fr. 106; πυκινοί the wise, S. Ph. 854 (lyr.); πυκνότατον κίναδος Ar. Av. 430 (lyr.); πυκνός τις καὶ σοφὸς γνώμην ἀνήρ Critias 25.12 . Adv. πυκινῶς, and after Hom. πυκνῶς, θύραι or σανίδες πυκινῶς ἀραρυῖαι close or fast shut, Il. 9.475, Od. 2.344, etc.
2. sorely (v. supr. A. IV), πυκινῶς ἀκαχήμενος Il. 19.312, cf. Od. 19.95, al.; constantly, ὅταν π. διᾴττωσι X. Cyn. 6.22 .
3. sagaciously, shrewdly, π. ὑποθήσομαι Od. 1.279, cf. Il. 21.293; πυκνῶς ἀνευρεῖν Ar. Th. 438 (lyr., s.v.l.).
II neut. sg. and pl., πυκνόν, πυκνά, πυκινόν, πυκινά as Adv., esp. in the sense much, often, πήρην πυκνὰ ῥωγαλέην a much torn wallet, a wallet full of holes, Od. 13.438, 17.198; πυκινόν περ ἀχεύων 11.88; τέττιξ . . καταχεύετ' ἀοιδὴν πυκνόν Hes. Op. 584: in Prose, πυκνὰ ἐκπίπτει ὦμος Hp. Art. 2; πυκνὰ ἀποβλέπειν Pl. R. 501b; πυκνὰ στρέφεσθαι X. An. 6.1.8; πυκνὸν ἀναπνεῖν Arist. Rh. 1357b19; πυκνότερον ἰέναι, παρέρχεσθαι, Pl. R. 328d, D. 41.24; πυκνότερα ἐπάγειν Pl. Cra. 420d . Adv. -οτέρως Lesb.Gramm. 23, PLond. 5.1929 (iv A.D.): Sup. πυκνότατα X. Eq. 11.11 .
2. πυκινὰ φρονεῖν (v. supr. A.V) Od. 9.445 .
III poet. Adv. πύκα [ ], thickly, solidly, θαλάμου πύκα ποιητοῖο 1.436; π. π. δόμοιο 22.455; σάκεος π. π. Il. 18 . 608; Λυκίων π. θωρηκτάων 12.317, cf. 15.689, 739; πύλαι π. στιβαρῶς ἀραρυῖαι 12.454 .
2. θάλαμος πύκ' ἐβάλλετο with thick-falling darts, 9.588 .
3. wisely, π. φρονεῖν ib. 554, 14.217, Q.S. 1.449, al.; τρέφειν rear carefully, Il. 5.70 .
πυκνός, gen. of πνύξ (q.v.).
πυκνός, πυκνη, πυκνόν (ΠΥΚΩ, see πυγμή), from Homer down, thick, dense, compact; in reference to time, frequent, often recurring (so in Greek writings from Aeschylus down), 1 Timothy 5:23; neuter plural πυκνά, as adverb (Winers Grammar, 463 (432); Buttmann, § 128, 2), vigorously, diligently (?(cf. Morison as in πυγμή)), Mark 7:3 Tdf.; often, Luke 5:33; πυκνότερον, more frequently, the oftener, Acts 24:26.
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πυκιός , -ή , -όν ,
[in LXX: Ezekiel 31:3 A (H2793), 3 Maccabees 1:28; 3 Maccabees 4:10, 4 Maccabees 12:12*;]
1. close, compact, solid.
2. frequent: 1 Timothy 5:23. Neut. pl., πυκνά , as adv., much, often: Mark 7:3 Τ (see πυγμή ), Luke 5:33. Comparat., πυκνότερον , very often or so much the oftener (v.Bl., § 44, 3,): Acts 24:26.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
";sound a trumpet,"; is often understood metaph. in Matthew 6:2, as by Klostermann in HZNT, where he compares the use of the subst. in Achilles Tatius viii. 10 οὐχ ὑπὸ σάλπιγγι μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ κήρυκι μοιχεύεται. For a defence of the literal meaning by a reference to the sounding of the ram’s horn (shofar) on the occasion of public fasts, see Büchler in JTS x. (1909), p. 266 ff., also Klein in ZNTW vi. (1905), p. 203 f.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
