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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2413 - ἱερός
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- sacred, consecrated to the deity, pertaining to God
- sacred Scriptures, because inspired by God, treating of divine things and therefore to be devoutly revered
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ἱερός
(v. sub fin.), ά, όν, also ός, όν in the phrase ἱερὸς ἀκτή Hes. Op. 597, 805, Orac. ap. Hdt. 8.77: Ion. and poet. ἱρός, ή, όν (v. sub fin.): Dor. and N. Greek ἱᾰρός IG 22.1126.20, etc.: Aeol. ἶρος Sapph. Supp. 23.25, Alc. Supp. 8.4, but ἴαρος (corr. from ἴερ-) Sapph. Supp. 20a. 6: Sup. ἱερώτατος Ar. Eq. 582 (lyr.), Pl. Lg. 755e.
I filled with or manifesting divine power, supernatural, ἱ. ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο Od. 2.409, al.; ἱ. μένος Ἀλκινόοιο 8.421, etc.; ἄλφιτον, ἀλωαί, Il. 11.631, 5.499; Δημήτερος ἱερὸς ἀκτή Hes. Op. Il.c.; of natural objects or phenomena, rivers, Od. 10.351, Il. 11.726, E. Med. 410 (lyr.); λιβάς, of the Spercheus, S. Ph. 1215 (lyr.); ἱεραὶ βῆσσαι Κίρκης 'faery', Od. 10.275; ἱ. ἦμαρ, κνέφας, Il. 8.66, 11.194; φάος Hes. Op. 339; ἱερὸς δίφρος (where δ. perh.= ἵπποι) Il. 17.464; after Hom., ἱ. χεῦμα θαλάσσης A. Fr. 192 (anap.); ἱ. κῦμα E. Hipp. 1206, cf. Cyc. 265; ὄμβρος S. OT 1428; δρόσοι E. Ion 117 (lyr.); ὕπνος, of death, Call. Epigr. 11; ἔστι μὲν οὐδὲν ἱ. no great matter, Theoc. 5.22.
II
1. of divine things, holy, ἱεροῖς ἐν δώμασι Κίρκης Od. 10.426; ἱ. γένος ἀθανάτων Hes. Th. 21; λέχος, of Zeus, ib. 57; δόσις the gift of God, ib. 93; πόλεμος holy war, ' crusade ', Ar. Av. 556, etc.
2. of earthly things, hallowed, consecrated, βωμοί Il. 2.305; ἱ. δόμος, of the temple of Athena, 6.89; ἱ. ἑκατόμβη 1.99, 431, etc.; ἐλαίη Od. 13.372; χοαί S. OC 469, etc.; ἱρὰ γράμματα hieroglyphics, Hdt. 2.36; but ἱ. γράμματα of the Holy Scriptures, 2 Timothy 3:15; ἱ. βύβλοι OGI 56.70 (Canopus, iii B.C.); ἱ. ἄγαλμα, τρίπους, S. OT 1379, E. Ion 512, etc.; χρήματα Pl. R. 568d, etc.; ἱ. τὸ σῶμα τῷ θεῷ δίδωμ' ἔχειν E. Ion 1285; ἱ. σώματα, of ἱερόδουλοι, Str. 6.2.6; χῆνες Plu. 2.325c; of animals regarded as 'taboo', [ κριοί] εἰσί σφι ἱ. διὰ τοῦτο Hdt. 2.42; so perh. ἱ. ἰχθύς Il. 16.407; of the Roman Tribunes,= Lat. sacrosanctus, ἱ. καὶ ἄσυλος Plu. TG 15, etc.; of Augustus, Mon.Anc.Gr. 5.17; ἱ. νόμος law of sacrifice, D. 21.35, cf. SIG 685.81 (ii B.C.); ἱ. λόγος legend, Hdt. 2.81, etc.; οἱ παλαιοὶ καὶ ἱ. λόγοι Pl. 335a; ἱ. γάμος mystical marriage, a religious ceremony, Men. 320, Phot. s.v.; opp. βέβηλος, as sacred to profane, D.H. 7.8, AB 223; but more freq. ἱ. καὶ ὅσιος Th. 2.52, X. Vect. 5.4, etc.; cf. ὅσιος.
3. under divine protection, freq. of places, Ἴλιος Il. 5.648, Alc. Supp. 8.4; Πύλος Od. 21.108; Θήβη Sapph. Supp. 20a. 6; Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον, Τροίης ἱερὰ κρήδεμνα, Od. 1.2, Il. 16.100; Ἀθῆναι Od. 11.323, cf. Pi. Fr. 75, S. Aj. 1221 (lyr.), Ps.-Orac. ap. Ar. Eq. 1037; Σούνιον ἱρόν Od. 3.278; ἱ. κύκλος the judge's seat under the protection of Zeus, Il. 18.504: with gen. of the divinity, ἄλσος ἱρὸν Ἀθηναίης, ἄντρον ἱρὸν νυμφάων, Od. 6.322, 13.104, cf. Hdt. 1.80, 2.41, Ar. Pl. 937, X. An. 5.3.13, etc.; γῆ καὶ ἑστία ἱερὰ πᾶσι πάντων θεῶν Pl. Lg. 955e; χωρίον ὡς -ώτατον ib. 755e, cf. Ti. 45a; with gen. of a human being, Γναθίου.. ἱ. εἰμι IG 12.920. of persons, φυλάκων ἱ. τέλος Il. 10.56; ἱ. πυλαωροί 24.681; στρατός Od. 24.81; βασιλέες Pi. P. 5.97; ἱ. εὐσεβής τε, of Oedipus, S. OC 287; ἅνθρωπος ἱ. initiated, Ar. Ra. 652; c. gen. of a divinity, deuoted, dedicated, E. Alc. 75, Pl. Phd. 85b. under the Roman Empire,= sacer, imperial, ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν τοῦ Καίσαρος γραμμάτων IGRom. 4.571 (Aezani, ii A.D.); ὁ -ώτατος φίσκος, τὸ -ώτατον ταμιεῖον, ib.3.727 (Lycia), SIG 888.10 (Scaptopara, iii A.D.), etc.; τὸ -ώτατον βῆμα (of the praefectus Aegypti), PHamb. 4.8 (i A.D.): generally, worshipful, ἱ. σύνοδος OGI 713.9 (Egypt, iii A.D.), etc.
III as Subst.,
1 ἱερά, Ion. ἱρά, τά, offerings, victims, ἱερὰ ῥέξας Il. 1.147, etc.; ἔρδειν Hes. Op. 336; διδόναι Od. 16.184; ἀλλ' ὅ γε δέκτο μὲν ἱρά Il. 2.420, cf. 23.207: less freq. in sg., ὄφρ' ἱρὸν ἑτοιμασσαίατ' Ἀθήνῃ 10.571; θῦσαι ἱρά Hdt. 1.59, 8.54, etc.; θυσίας καὶ ἱρὰ ποιέειν Id. 2.63; αἴθειν S. Ph. 1033; ἱ. πατρῷα A. Th. 1015; ἱ. ἐπιχώρια Democr. 259. after Hom., omens afforded by sacrifice, τὰ ἱρὰ οὐ προεχώρεε χρηστά Hdt. 5.44; τὰ ἱερὰ καλὰ [ἦν ] X. An. 1.8.15; simply οὐκ ἐγίγνετο τὰ ἱ. ib. 2.2.3. generally, sacred objects or rites, Hdt. 1.172, 4.33; τῶν ὑμετέρων ἱ. καὶ κοινῶν μετεῖχον D. 57.3; of cult-images, IG Rom. 3.800 (syllium).
2. after Hom., ἱερόν, Ion. ἱρόν, τό, holy place, Hdt. 5.119,al.; opp. νηός, Id. 2.170, cf. Th. 4.90, 5.18; freq. of a temple, ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ τεμένεϊ.. ἱρόν κτλ. Hdt. 2.112; of the Jewish temple, LXX 1 Chronicles 29:4, Plb. 16.39.4, Str. 16.2.34, Matthew 24:1.
3. ἱερὸν τῆς δίκης a sacred principle of right, E. Hel. 1002.
4. ἱερός, ὁ (sc. μήν), name of month at Delos, IG 12.377.22, 11(2).203 A 31 (iii B.C.).
5. ἱεροί, οἱ, members of a religious college or guild, ib.5(1).1390.1, al. (Andania, i B.C.), prob. in SIG 1010.7 (Chalcedon), etc.; also of women, ἱεραί, αἱ, IG 5(1). l.c., cf. 1511 (Sparta). = cross ἱερόδουλος, ib. 1356 (Messenia, V B.C.), Inscr.Perg. 572, GDI 5702.39 (Samos). special phrases, post- Hom., 1 prov., ἱ. ἄγκυρα one's last hope, Plu. 2.815d, Luc. JTr. 51, Fug. 13, Poll. 1.93, Gal. 11.182.
2. ἱ. βόλος, name of a throw at dice, Eub. 57.1.
3. ἱ. βοτάνη, v. cross βοτάνη.
4. ἱ. (sc. γραμμή) (cf. γραμμή 111.1), last line of draught-board, κινήσαις τὸν ἀπ' ἴρας.. λίθον Alc. 82, cf. Epich. 225, Sophr. 127; τὴν ἀφ' ἱερᾶς (v.l. cross τὴν ἱεράν) Plu. Cor. 32.
5. ἱ. ἰχθύς,= ἀνθίας, Arist. HA 620b35, cf. Ath. 7.282e, Plu. 2.981d.
6. ἱ. λόχος, v. cross λόχος.
7. ἱερά (sc. νίκη), ἡ, drawn contest, dead heat (because the prize was assigned to the god), SIG 1073.48 (Olymp.); ποιῆσαι ἱεράν, of the competitor, Wood Ephesus, App. vi p.70; so ἱ. ἀθλήματα Inscr.Olymp. 56; ἱερὸς ὁ στέφανος ἐκρίθη IG 9(2).525 (Larissa); τὸ παγκράτιον ἱ. ἐγένετο ib.527 (ibid.); ἱερός (sc. ἀγών) ib.7.2727.19, 24 (Acraeph.): metaph., ἱερὸν ποιῆσαι τὸν στέφανον 'divide the honours', Plb. 1.58.5, 29.8.9.
8. ἱ. νόσος epilepsy, Hdt. 3.33, Hp. Morb. Sacr. tit., Thphr. HP 9.11.3, etc., cf. Call. Aet. 3.1.14: metaph., τὴν οἴησιν ἱ. νόσον ἔλεγε Heraclit. 46 (= Epicur. Fr. 224).
9. ἡ ἱ. ὁδός the sacred road to Delphi, Hdt. 6.34; also, from Athens to Eleusis, Cratin. 61, Paus. 1.36.3, Harp. s.v.; and that from Elis to Olympia, Paus. 5.25.7.
10. ἱ. ὀστέον, os sacrum, the last bone of the spine, Hp. Art. 45, Plu. 2.981d, Gal. UP 5.8, etc.
11. ἱ. συμβουλή sacred duty of an adviser, Pl. 321c, X. An. 5.6.4, cf. Pl. Thg. 122b, Luc. Rh. Proverbs 1:1-33.
12. ἱ. σῦριγξ spinal canal, Poll. 2.180.
13. ἱερὰ τριήρης, of the Delian ship, or one of the state-ships (Salaminia or Paralos), D. 4.34.
14. freq. in geographical names, e.g. ἱ ἄκρα, in Lycia, Str. 14.3.8; ἱ. ἀκρωτήριον, in Spain, Cape St. Vincent, Id. 2.4.3; ἱ. κώμη, in Lydia, Plb. 16.1.8; ἱ. νῆσος, one of the Liparean group, Th. 3.88; one of the insulae Aegates, Plb. 1.60.3. Adv. -ρῶς holily, ἀποθανεῖν v.l. in Plu. Lyc. 27. [ ῐ by nature, but sts. ῑ in , esp. in endings of hexameters, ἱ. ἰχθύς, ἱ. ἦμαρ, ἱερὰ ῥέξας, ἀλφίτου ἱεροῦ ἀκτή, Il. 16.407, 8.66, 1.147, 11.631; ῑερόν in the first foot of a hex., Theoc. 5.22; also in compds. ἱεραγωγός, ἱεροθαλλής, ἱερόφωνος: ῑ always in contr. form ἱρός wh. is used in , Hdt., and some Ion. inscrr., as IG 12(8).265.9 (Thasos), cf. Semon. 7.56, Herod. 4.79, al., but is rarely found in codd. of Hp. (never in Heraclit. or Democr.); also in Trag., A. Th. 268, etc., but never required by metre in lyr. of Com.]
ἱερός, ἱερά, ἱερόν (its primary sense is thought to be mighty; cf. Curtius, § 614; Vanicek, p. 88; yet see Schmidt as below; fr, Homer down), sacred, consecrated to the deity, pertaining to God: ἱερά γράμματα, sacred Scriptures, because inspired by God, treating of divine things and therefore to be devoutly revered, 2 Timothy 3:15 (Josephus, Antiquities prooem. 3; (10, 10, 4 at the end); b. j. 6, 5, 4; contra Apion 1 (10, 3; 18, 6); 26, 1; ἱεραι βίβλοι, Antiquities 2, 16, 5; (c. Apion 1, 1; 23, 4), etc.; οὐκ ἐνετραφης οὐδέ ἐνησκηθης τοῖς ἱεροῖς γραμμασι, Philo, leg. ad Gaium § 29, Mang. edition ii., p. 574); (κήρυγμα, Mark 16 WH in (rejected) 'Shorter Conclusion'); neuter plural as a substantive, τά ἱερά, the holy things, those which pertain to the worship of God in the temple, 1 Corinthians 9:13, cf. ἐργάζομαι, 2 a. (See references under the word ἅγιος, at the end; especially Schmidt, chapter 181.)
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ἱερός , -ά , όν ,
[in LXX: Ezekiel 28:18 (H4720); τό ἱ , 1 Chronicles 29:4 (H1004), Ezekiel 45:19 (H5835); very freq. in 1 Esdras 1:1-58 -4 Mac;]
1. in Hom., marvellous, mighty, divine.
2. (Also in Hom, and later cl.) consecrated to the deity, sacred: pl., ἱ . γράμματα , 2 Timothy 3:15.
3. As subst.,
(a) (so in Hom.), τὰ ἱ ., sacrifices, sacred rites, sacred things: 1 Corinthians 9:13;
(b) later, τὸ ἱ .,., a consecrated or sacred place, a temple: τ . Ἀρτέμιδος , Acts 19:27; of the temple at Jerusalem, i.e. the entire precincts or some part thereof (as distinct from ὁ ναός , q.v., the Sanctuary proper): 1 Corinthians 9:13, and freq. in Gosp. and esp. in Ac, Matthew 12:6, Mark 13:3, Acts 4:1, al. (on the use of ἱ . in Imperial Iuser., v. Deiss., LAE, 380 f.).
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
This adj., which remains unchanged in MGr, is very common in the inscrr. with reference to heathen temples, sacred revenues, and sacrificial and other rites. With the use in 2 Timothy 3:15 we may compare the νόμοι ἱεροὶ καὶ ἀραί by which the temple of Jupiter at Magnesia was protected against harm : see Magn 105.53 (ii/A.D.) as cited by Thieme p. 36. See also s.vv. βίβλος and γράμμα, and for the protection afforded by the ";sacred"; area see s.v. βωμός, and the note on PSI V. 515.15. The βῆμα of the Prefect of Egypt is described in P Hamb I. 4.8 (A.D. 87) as ἱερώτατον : cf. P Lond 358.19 (c. A.D. 150) (= II. p. 172), and BGU II. 613.19 (time of Anton. Pius). See also P Oxy IX. 1211.1 (ii/A.D.) τὰ πρὸς τὴν θυσίαν τοῦ ἱερωτάτου Νείλου. The adj. is found in the title of an athletic club in P Lond 1178.16 (A.D. 194) (= III. p. 217, Selections, p. 99) ἡ ἱερὰ ξυστικὴ περιπολιστικὴ. . . σύνοδος, ";the Worshipful Gymnastic Club of Nomads."; For ἱερὰ νόσος = ";epilepsy"; cf. P Oxy I. 94.11 (A.D. 83), 95.19 (A.D. 129) and the other passages collected by Modica Introduzione, p. 146. The word is used in the address of a Christian letter, P Oxy XII. 1492.1 (iii/iv A.D.) χα [ῖ ]ρε, ἱερ [ὲ υἱέ, also ib. verso and 1592.7.
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