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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #1099 - γλυκύς
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- sweet
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γλῠκύς, εῖα (-ῆα Herod. 4.2), ύ (-ύν IG 14.1890),
I
1. sweet to the taste or smell, νέκταρ Il. 1.598; οἶνος Epich. 124, etc.; γλυκὺ ὄζειν Cratin.Jun. 1, prob. in Crates Com. 2; opp. ὀξύς, Hp. Vict. 2.55; opp. δριμύς, Plu. 2.708e: mostly metaph., even in Hom., pleasant, delightful, ἵμερος, ὕπνος, Il. 3.139, Od. 2.395; γ. αἰών 5.152, Hdt. 7.46; πόλεμος γλυκίων γένετ' ἠὲ νέεσθαι Il. 2.453; οὐδὲν γλύκιον ἧς πατρίδος οὐδὲ τοκήων Od. 9.34, cf. Pi. N. 5.2, E. Med. 1036, etc.; γλυκύ [ἐστι ], c. inf., A. Pr. 698, Alex. 210; θανεῖν γλύκιστον B. 3.47; ὅτῳ.. μηδὲν ἦν ἰδεῖν γλυκύ S. OT 1335 (lyr.), cf. 1390. of water, sweet, fresh, Xenoph. 1.8, etc.; opp. πικρός, Hdt. 4.52; opp. ἁλμυρός, Arist. Mete. 355a33, etc.
2. after Hom. (but v. supr.), of persons, sweet, dear, γλυκεῖα (v.l. -ῆα) μᾶτερ Sapph. 90; γλυκεῖαι παῖδες ἀρχαίου Σκότου S. OC 106: c. inf., γ. φρὴν συμπόταισιν ὁμιλεῖν Pi. P. 6.52; freq. in epitaphs, IG 14.1472 (Sup.), etc.; also ὑπὲρ τῆς γλυκυτάτης πατρίδος τελευτῆσαι POxy. 33i13 (ii A. D.); ὦ γλυκύτατε my dear fellow, Ar. Ach. 462, cf. Ec. 124; sts. in bad sense, simple, silly, ὡς γ. εἶ ! Pl. Hp.Ma. 288b; also applied κατ' ἀντίφρασιν to a swine, Gal. 18(2).611; γλυκὺ πνεῖον, of mustard, Matro Conv. 90.
II as Subst., ὁ γ. (sc. οἶνος)
1. grape-syrup, Alex. 59, 172.14, Arist. Pr. 875b2, Herod. 6.77, POxy. 1088.51; also τὸ γ. Nic. Al. 386, POxy. 234ii6 (ii/iii A. D.). of the eye of Polyphemus, Theoc. 6.22.
2. ἡ γ., = γλυκύρριζα, Thphr. HP 9.13.2.
3. ἡ γ., = χολή, Sch. Nic. Th. 594.
III Comp. and Sup. γλυκίων Od. 9.34; γλύκιστος B. 3.47, Ael. NA 12.46, etc.; also γλυκύτερος, -τατος Pi. O. 1.109, 19, etc.; γλύσσων Xenoph. 38.2. Adv. -κέως Poll. 4.24. (Perh. fr. Δλυκύς, cf. Lat. dulcIsa)
γλυκύς, γλυκεῖα, γλυκύ, sweet: James 3:11 (opposed to πικρόν); 12 (opposed to ἁλυκόν); Revelation 10:9 (10). (From Homer down.)
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The neuter γλυκύ could denote some kind of sweet wine. Thus P Oxy II. 234ii. 6 (ii/iii A.D.—medical prescriptions) λεάνας διεὶς γλυκεῖ , ";soften by diluting with raisin wine"; (Edd.); cf. ib. VIII. 1142.16 (late iii/A.D.) γλ ]ύκιον ῥοιτικόν , ";pomegranate wine"; (Ed.), and P Lond 239.13 (c. A.D. 346) (= II. p. 298) γλυκοιδίων ὀμφακηρά (see note). BGU IV. 1118.16 (B.C. 22) and 1120.15 (B.C. 5) have πράσου γλυκέως . Ib. II. 424.4 (ii/iii A.D.) ἀλλὰ πάντοτε τὰ τῶν γονέων γλυγύτερά (= γλυκ .) ἐστιν . The rest of our papyrus citations are in superlative, which is very common as a term of affection. Thus P Oxy I. 33i. 13 (late ii/A.D.) κλέος σοι ἐστὶν ὑπὲρ τῆς γλυκυτάτης σου πατρίδος τελευτῆσαι , ib. VI. 907.3 (A.D. 276) τέκνα μου γλυκύτατα , ib. 935.22 (iii/A.D.) ἄσπασαι πολλὰ τὸν γλυκύτατον ἀδελφὸν Ἁρποκρατίωνα , P Giss I. 22.5 (early ii/A.D.) εὔχομαι . . . τὴν [γλυκυ ]τάτην σου ὄψιν προσκυ [νῆσαι , and from the inscriptions OGIS 526.4 τὴν γλυκυτάτην καὶ σεμνοτάτην σύνβιόν μου . Ramsay Luke, p. 374 f. refers to a Lycaonian inscription in which the application of the phrase τὸν γλυκύτατον καὶ πάντων φίλον to a bishop (ὁ μακάριος πάπας ) points, he thinks, to an early Christian period when epithets were not so religious and stereotyped as later. He compares a Christian inscription of Rome (A.D. 238) in which a father describes his son who died at the age of seven as γλυκύτερον φωτὸς καὶ ζοῆς , ";dearer than light and life."; Γλυκύς survives in MGr, partly with change of flexion : see Thumb Handb. p. 70. There are also many derivatives noted in his glossary.
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