Lectionary Calendar

Monday, December 23rd, 2024
the Fourth Week of Advent

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Bible Lexicons

Old & New Testament Greek Lexical DictionaryGreek Lexicon

Strong's #5259 - ὑπό

Transliteration

hypó

Phonetics

hoop-o'

Origin

a primary preposition

Parts of Speech

preposition

TDNT

None

Definition

Thayer
Strong
Mounce

Thayer's

by, under

Frequency Lists

Book
Word
Parsing

Verse Results

ASV (225)

Matthew 27

Mark 12

Luke 35

John 4

Acts 45

Romans 13

1 Corinthians 20

2 Corinthians 10

Galatians 14

Ephesians 4

Philippians 2

Colossians 2

1 Thessalonians 4

2 Thessalonians 1

1 Timothy 1

2 Timothy 1

Hebrews 9

James 5

1 Peter 2

2 Peter 5

3 John 2

Jude 4

Revelation 3

BSB (166)

Matthew 28

Mark 12

Luke 31

John 2

Acts 41

Romans 14

1 Corinthians 21

2 Corinthians 12

Galatians 14

Ephesians 4

Philippians 2

Colossians 2

1 Thessalonians 4

2 Thessalonians 1

1 Timothy 1

2 Timothy 1

Hebrews 9

James 7

1 Peter 2

2 Peter 5

3 John 2

Jude 3

Revelation 2

CSB (205)

Matthew 28

Mark 11

Luke 26

John 2

Acts 37

Romans 14

1 Corinthians 21

2 Corinthians 12

Galatians 14

Ephesians 4

Philippians 2

Colossians 2

1 Thessalonians 4

2 Thessalonians 1

1 Timothy 1

2 Timothy 1

Hebrews 9

James 7

1 Peter 2

2 Peter 5

3 John 2

Jude 3

Revelation 2

ESV (209)

Matthew 30

Mark 11

Luke 36

John 2

Acts 43

Romans 13

1 Corinthians 21

2 Corinthians 11

Galatians 14

Ephesians 4

Philippians 1

Colossians 2

1 Thessalonians 4

2 Thessalonians 1

1 Timothy 1

2 Timothy 1

Hebrews 9

James 6

1 Peter 2

2 Peter 5

Revelation 3

KJV (230)

Matthew 31

Mark 12

Luke 36

John 4

Acts 43

Romans 13

1 Corinthians 20

2 Corinthians 12

Galatians 14

Ephesians 4

Philippians 2

Colossians 2

1 Thessalonians 4

2 Thessalonians 1

1 Timothy 1

2 Timothy 1

Hebrews 9

James 6

1 Peter 2

2 Peter 5

3 John 2

Jude 3

Revelation 3

LEB (0)

The Lexham English Bible
did not use
this Strong's Number

LSB (51)

Matthew 6

Mark 4

Luke 5

John 1

Acts 4

Romans 7

1 Corinthians 7

Galatians 10

Ephesians 1

Colossians 1

1 Thessalonians 1

1 Timothy 1

James 1

1 Peter 1

Jude 1

N95 (51)

Matthew 6

Mark 4

Luke 5

John 1

Acts 4

Romans 7

1 Corinthians 7

Galatians 10

Ephesians 1

Colossians 1

1 Thessalonians 1

1 Timothy 1

James 1

1 Peter 1

Jude 1

NAS (55)

Matthew 6

Mark 4

Luke 5

John 1

Acts 4

Romans 7

1 Corinthians 7

Galatians 10

Ephesians 1

Colossians 1

1 Thessalonians 1

1 Timothy 1

James 1

1 Peter 1

Jude 1

NLT (152)

Matthew 25

Mark 10

Luke 23

John 4

Acts 40

Romans 14

1 Corinthians 24

2 Corinthians 8

Galatians 15

Ephesians 2

Philippians 4

Colossians 3

1 Thessalonians 4

2 Thessalonians 1

Hebrews 7

James 3

1 Peter 2

2 Peter 8

3 John 2

Jude 2

Revelation 1

WEB (226)

Matthew 28

Mark 12

Luke 36

John 3

Acts 45

Romans 13

1 Corinthians 20

2 Corinthians 11

Galatians 14

Ephesians 4

Philippians 2

Colossians 2

1 Thessalonians 4

2 Thessalonians 1

1 Timothy 1

2 Timothy 1

Hebrews 9

James 5

1 Peter 2

2 Peter 5

3 John 2

Jude 4

Revelation 2

YLT (217)

Matthew 28

Mark 12

Luke 31

John 2

Acts 41

Romans 12

1 Corinthians 20

2 Corinthians 12

Galatians 14

Ephesians 4

Philippians 2

Colossians 2

1 Thessalonians 4

2 Thessalonians 1

1 Timothy 1

2 Timothy 1

Hebrews 9

James 7

1 Peter 2

2 Peter 5

3 John 2

Jude 3

Revelation 2

ASV (225)

about 1

away by 1

before 1

by 66

did of 1

from 2

in subjection under 1

in ward under 1

is under 1

is, which 1

may be gained over 1

nbsp 5

of 81

of by 1

of the lord 1

on by 1

part under 2

they of 1

things in subjection under 1

things under 1

through 2

under 41

unto 1

up by 1

was about 1

what is mortal 1

with 7

BSB (166)

among 1

and when 1

at 2

at their hands 1

by 97

from 8

in 4

is on 1

of 1

subject to 1

that which is from 1

the way 1

to 1

to have 1

under 41

under her 1

under the care of 1

when by 1

whom 1

CSB (205)

at 2

by 139

from 8

in 4

into 1

of 3

on 1

under 44

with 3

ESV (209)

at 3

before 1

by 136

from 4

hands 1

have 1

in 1

of 7

one side 1

that 2

to 2

under 44

what 1

when 1

with 4

KJV (230)

* 3

among 1

by 42

from 2

of 116

should 1

that 1

under 48

when 1

whereof 1

with 14

LEB (0)

The Lexham English Bible
did not use
this Strong's Number

LSB (51)

about 1

hands 3

power 1

under 46

N95 (51)

about 1

hands 3

power 1

under 46

NAS (55)

about 1

at 3

hands 3

in 1

power 1

under 46

NLT (152)

accuse 1

advance 1

against 1

asked 1

at 1

baptized 1

beneath 3

betray 1

bribe 1

by 55

can 1

delegates 1

designated 1

entrusted 3

follow 1

from 10

given 1

hate 3

hated 1

heavy 1

hid 1

highly 1

in 2

into 1

lift 1

listened 1

love 1

loves 1

made 1

mat 1

mercy 1

obligation 1

of 6

opposed 1

outsmart 1

outwitted 1

possessed 1

power 1

prevented 1

proud 1

saying 1

slave 1

slaves 1

story 1

subject 1

than 1

through 1

to 5

told 1

turn 1

under 18

urging 1

whatever 1

when 1

with 1

you 1

WEB (226)

* 4

about 1

about him 1

away by 1

before 1

by 135

did from 1

from 6

in custody under 1

in subjection under 1

is under 1

may be gained over 1

of 16

of by 1

part under 2

people 1

things in subjection under 1

things under 1

to 1

to be sent forward by 1

under 40

up by 1

was about 1

was directed by 1

was inflicted by 1

what is mortal 1

with 2

YLT (217)

[is] by 1

[is] under 2

agrippa, by 1

at 1

by 152

from 8

himself is by 1

of 2

one [part] under 1

other part under 1

things he did put under 2

thou here under 1

through 1

to 1

to by 2

under 40

RAH

The
did not use
this Strong's Number

SWE

PREP 226

ANT

PREP 231

BEZ

PREP 223

BGB

PREP 230

BMT

PREP 236

BYZ

PREP 231

ELZ

ADV 1

N-ASF 1

N-ASM 1

PREP 182

V-PAPNPF 1

NA26

P 220

SBL

PREP 231

SCV

PREP 230

STV

PREP 221

TIS

PREP 231

PREP 220

TRG

ADV 1

N-ASF 1

N-ASM 1

PREP 213

V-PAPNPF 1

The
did not use
this Strong's Number

Liddell-Scott-Jones Definitions

ὑπό [ῠ], Pr with gen., dat., and acc.: Aeol. ὐπά Alc. 39; Boeot. ὑπά Ἀρχ.Δελτ. 14 Pl. ii 19 (Thespiae, iii B.C.); Ion. ηυπύ only in IG 14.871 (Cumae, v B.C.); Arc. ὁπύ Schwyzer 664.15,21 (Orchom. Arc., iv B.C.); in ὑπαί (also B. 12.139): this is found in Hom. only six times as a well-attested reading (ὑ. πόδα Il. 2.824, ὑ. δέ 3.217, 11.417, 12.149, ὑ. δείους 10.376, 15.4); elsewh. (before λ ν ρ ϝ) it is weakly attested as v. l. for ὑπὸ ( ), e.g. ποσσὶ δ' ὑπὸ (v.l. ὑπαὶ) λιπαροῖσι Il. 2.44, al.; but ὑπαὶ νεφέων is given by most codd. in Il. 15.625, 16.375 (v. Allen ed. maj.), and ὑπαὶ νεφέεσσι Anon. ap. Plu. 2.38e; also in compds., ὑπαιδείδοικα h.Merc. 165, ὑπαιφοινίσσω (q. v.); it is not freq. in Trag. Poets, A. Ag. 892, 944, 1164 (lyr.), Eu. 417, S. El. 711, 1418 (lyr.), Inach. in PTeb. 692 ii5 (lyr.), E. El. 1188 (lyr.), Ar. Ach. 970 (paratrag.). (With ὑπό (ὕπο) cf. Skt. úpa 'towards, near to, etc.', Goth. uf 'under'.) WITH GENITIVE, I of Place, with Verbs of motion, from under, αὖτις ἀναστήσονται ὑ. ζόφου they will rise again from under the gloom, Il. 21.56; ὑ. χθονὸς ἧκε φόωσδε Hes. Th. 669; ῥέει κρήνη ὑ. σπείους Od. 9.141, cf. Pl. Phdr. 230b; ὄσσε δεινὸν ὑ. βλεφάρων ἐξεφάανθεν Il. 19.17; ἐσιδόντες ὑπαὶ χειμῶνος αἴγλαν from under the storm-cloud, B. 12.139; esp. of rescuing from under another's power, after the Verbs ἐρύεσθαι, ἁρπάζειν, ῥύεσθαι, ἐρύειν, Il. 9.248, 13.198, 17.224, 235; ἤγαγεν ὑμέτερόνδ' ἀνδροκτασίης ὕ. λυγρῆς from the consequences of, 23.86; also ἵππους μὲν λῦσαν ὑ. ζυγοῦ from under the yoke, 8.543, Od. 4.39; ὑπ' ἀρνειοῦ λυόμην I loosed myself from under the ram, 9.463; σπλάγχνων ὕπο ματέρος μόλεν, i.e. was born, Pi. N. 1.35, cf. O. 6.43; rarely in Trag., ὑ. πτερῶν σπάσας E. Andr. 441; περᾷ γὰρ ἥδ' ὑ. σκηνῆς πόδα Id. Hec. 53; once in Hdt., τὰς δέ οἱ ἵππους ὑ. τοῦ ἅρματος νεμομένας ἀφανισθῆναι 4.8; αἴ τις ὑ. τῶν νομίων τῶν ἐπιϝοικων ἀνχωρέῃ SIG 47.27 (Locris, v B.C.); cf. ὑπέκ.

2. of the object under which a thing is or is placed, under, beneath, with collat. sense of motion, as μοχλὸν ὑ. σποδοῦ ἤλασα πολλῆς thrust it in under the embers, Od. 9.375; ὑ. στέρνοιο τυχήσας Il. 4.106; τοὺς μὲν ὑ. χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης πέμψαν Hes. Th. 717: also without the sense of motion, ὑπ' ἀνθερεῶνος ὀχεὺς τέτατο Il. 3.372; βάθιστον ὑ. χθονός ἐστι βέρεθρον 8.14; ἐτέθαπτο ὑ. χθονός Od. 11.52; κεκευθὼς πολεμίας ὑ. χθονός A. Th. 588; ὑπ' ἀγκῶνος βέλη Pi. O. 2.83; νέρθεν ὑπ' ἐγκεφάλοιο Il. 16.347; τὰ ὑ. γῆς δικαιωτήρια Pl. Phdr. 249a; δεξιὰν ὑφ' εἵματος κρύπτειν E. Hec. 342; φέρειν ζώνης ὕπο ib. 762: Thom.Mag. p.375 R. says that ὑ. = under takes gen. in Att., acc. in 'Hellenic' Greek; κατακρύψας ὑ. κόπρου, which is v.l. in Od. 9.329 for ὑ. κόπρῳ, is called by Eust. 1631.36 Ἀττικώτερον, ὁποῖον καὶ τὸ φέρειν τι ὑ. κόλπου ἢ ὑ. μάλης (v. κόλπος, μάλη); but in Att. Prose, Hdt., and the Koine ὑ. c. gen. in signfs. 1.1, 2 is almost limited to these and a few other phrases, esp. ὑ. γῆς; it is not found at all in Th., LXX, Ptolemaic papyri, and NT; X. has ὑ. ἁμάξης (= from under) An. 6.4.22, 25; the Orators have only ὑ. μάλης, Lys. Fr. 54, D. 29.12; ὑ. γῆς is found in Pl. Revelation 18:1-24 b, Mx. 246d, R. 414d, al., Arist. Mete. 352b6, al., Hipparch. 2.2.45, Plb. 18.18.10 (ὑ. τῆς γῆς), 21.28.3, 10. metaph., ἀρετῶσι δὲ λαοὶ ὑπ' αὐτοῦ under his rule, Od. 19.114.

II of Cause or Agency, freq. with pass. Verbs, and with intr. Verbs in pass. sense, μή πως τάχ' ὑπ' αὐτοῦ δουρὶ δαμήῃς Il. 3.436, cf. 4.479; ἡνιόχοιο ἐν κονίῃσι πεσόντος ὑφ' Ἕκτορος 17.428; εὖτ' ἂν πολλοὶ ὑφ' Ἕκτορος θνῂσκοντες πίπτωσι 1.242; τὸν.. τοκέα ὑ. τοῦ.. παιδὸς ἀποθνῄσκειν Hdt. 1.137; οἵαις ὑπ' αὐτοῦ πημοναῖσι κάμπτομαι A. Pr. 308, cf. Th. 7, al.; πέλεκυς.. ὅς τ' εἶσιν διὰ δουρὸς ὑπ' ἀνέρος Il. 3.61; ὑπ' Ἀχαιῶν.. φοβέοντο.. ἀπὸ νηῶν 16.303; πάσχειν δὲ κακῶς ἐχθρὸν ὑπ' ἐχθρῶν A. Pr. 1042 (anap.); ὑ. τοῦ Μήδου δεινότερα τούτων πάσχοντες Th. 1.77; ἐκπεσόντες ὑ. τοῦ πλήθους Id. 4.66; ἀναστάτων Καμαριναίων γενομένων ὑ. Συρακοσίων Id. 6.5; ὑφ' ὑμῶν αὐτῶν καὶ μὴ ὑ. τῶν πολεμίων τοῦτο παθεῖν Id. 4.64; κλύοντές ἐσμεν αἰσχίστους λόγους.. τοῦδ' ὑπ' ἀνδρὸς ἀρτίως we have been called shameful names by.., S. Aj. 1321; κακῶς ὑ. τῶν πολιτῶν ἀκούειν to be ill spoken of by.., Isoc. 4.77, cf. Pl. Hp.Ma. 304e, X. An. 7.7.23; of a subordinate agent, ὑ. κήρυκος προαγορεύειν, ἀπειπεῖν κηρύκων ὕπο, Hdt. 9.98, E. Alc. 737, cf. Th. 6.32; ἐμῶν ὑπ' ἀγγέλων.. πορεύεται S. Tr. 391; ὑ. ἀγγέλων πέμπων Pl. Phlb. 66a: sts. with a verbal Subst., τὸ ὑ. νόμου ἐπίταγμα (i. e. ἐπιταττόμενον) Id. R. 359a; ἐκφορὰ φίλων ὕπο A. Th. 1029; ἡ ὑπ' ἀρετῆς Ἡρακλέους παίδευσις X. Mem. 2.1.34; ἡ ὑ. πάντων τιμή Id. Cyr. 3.3.2; Ἥρας δεσμοὶ ὑ. ὑέος Pl. R. 378d; so ἄτρωτον ἦν ὑ. στύγους (= οὐ τετρωμένον) prob. in A. Ch. 532.

2. also in pregnant phrases, not only of the immediate act of the agent, but also of its further result, ὅθ' ὑ. λιγέων ἀνέμων σπέρχωσιν ἄελλαι hasten driven on by them, Il. 13.334; ὑφ' Ἕκτορος.. φεύγοντες fleeing before him, 18.149, χάσσονται ὑπ' ἔγχεος 13.153, cf. 7.64, 11.119, 424, Od. 5.320, 7.263, al.; πράγματα εἶχον ὑ. λῃστῶν X. HG 5.1.5; ἔπαινον, αἰτίαν ἔχειν ὑ. τινῶν, Hdt. 9.78, A. Eu. 99; οὐκέτι ἀποχωρεῖν οἷόν τ' ἦν ὑ. τῶν ἱππέων Th. 7.78, cf. Ar. V. 1084.

3. freq. of things as well as persons, ὡς διάκειμαι ὑ. τῆς νόσου Th. 7.77; κεῖμαι νούσου ὕ. στυγερᾶς IG 42(1).125.8 (Epid., iii B.C.); χαλεπῶς ἔχειν ὑ. τραυμάτων Pl. Tht. 142b; ὑ. δόρατος πλαγείς IG 42(1).122.64 (Epid., iv B.C.); ὑ. ἔχιος φῦμα ib.123.4 (ibid., iv B.C.); ἰάθη ὑ. ὄφιος ib.121.113 (ibid., iv B.C.); κατεσκεύασαν τὰς πύλας κλείεσθαι ὑ. σφύρας τε μεγάλης καὶ κτύπου παμμεγέθους γιγνομένου Aen.Tact. 20.4: of the agency of feelings, passions, etc., ἀνόρουσ' ὑ. χάρματος h.Cer. 371; ἐνδακρύειν, ἀνολολύξαι χαρᾶς ὕπο, A. Ag. 541, 587; μαίνεται.. ὑφ' ἡδονῆς S. El. 1153; χλωρὸς ὑπαὶ δείους Il. 10.376; ὑ. δέους ἔρρηξε φωνήν Hdt. 1.85, cf. Th. 6.33; οὐ δυνατὸν τὸν δῆμον ἐσόμενον ὑ. τῶν κακῶν καρτερεῖν Id. 4.66; ὑ. κακοῦ ἀγρυπνίῃσι εἴχετο Hdt. 3.129; ὑπ' ἄλγους A. Eu. 183; ὑπ' ὀργῆς Ar. V. 1083; ὑ. λύπης S. OT 1073: hence ὑπό is used even with active Verbs, where a passive word may be supplied, e.g. ὑ. ἀρετῆς καὶ προθυμίης συνεπλήρουν τὰς νέας from courage, i. e. impelled by courage, Hdt. 8.1; ὤρυσσον ὑ. μαστίγων Id. 7.22, cf. 56; οὐδὲ σέ γε δόλος ἔσχ' ὑ. χειρὸς ἐμᾶς by my agency, S. Ph. 1118 (lyr.); αἰ μήτις αὐτὸς δοίη, μὴ ὑπ' ἀνάγκας not under compulsion, GDI 5128.5 (Vaxos).

4. ὑπό freq. serves to denote the attendant or accompanying circumstances, νέφος ἐρχόμενον κατὰ πόντον ὑ. Ζεφύροιο ἰωῆς Il. 4.276, cf. 16.591, etc.: sts. with part. added, ἀμφὶ δὲ νῆες σμερδαλέον κονάβησαν ἀϋσάντων ὑπ' Ἀχαιῶν at their shouting, i.e. when they shouted, 2.334, 16.277; ἴαχε σάλπιγξ ἄστυ περιπλομένων δηΐων ὕ. 18.220.

5. of accompanying music, to give the time, κώμαζον ὑπ' αὐλοῦ Hes. Sc. 281, cf. 278; ᾄδων ὑπ' αὐλητῆρος Archil. 123, cf. Thgn. 825, Charon Fr. 9; πίνειν ὑ. σάλπιγγος Ar. Ach. 1001: generally, of anything attendant, δαΐδων ὕ. λαμπομενάων ἠγίνεον by torchlight, Il. 18.492, cf. E. Hel. 639 (lyr.), Ion 1474 (lyr.); καταθάψομεν.. ὑ. κλαυθμῶν A. Ag. 1554 (anap.); ὑπ' εὐκλείας θανεῖν E. Hipp. 1299; εἴσειμ' ὑπαὶ πτερύγων κιχλᾶν καὶ κοψίχων Ar. Ach. 970; ὑπ' εὐφήμου βοῆς θῦσαι offer a sacrifice accompanied by it, S. El. 630; ὑ. φανοῦ πορεύεσθαι by lantern-light, X. Lac. 5.7; ὑ. πομπῆς ἐξάγειν τινά in or with solemn procession, Hdt. 2.45, cf. Ar. Th. 1030; ὑ. βίης βήξας coughing with violence, violently, Hdt. 6.107; ἐτόξευον ὑ. μαστίγων, i.e. they shot and lashed, X. An. 3.4.25: v. infr. B. 11.4, C. IV. 1.

6. ὑ. Ἑλλανοδικᾶν, = ἐπί c. gen., SIG 171 (Olympia, iv B.C.).

7. Math., ἡ ὑ. ΘΔΗ the angle ΘΔΗ (= ἡ ὑ. τῶν ΘΔ, ΔΗ περιεχομένη γωνία), Procl. Hyp. 2.26; but also τὸ ὑ. τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ the rectangle contained by ΑΓ, ΓΒ, = ΑΓ χ ΓΒ, Euc. 2.4.

8. ναῦλον ὄνων γ εἰς τὴν πόλιν ὑ. οἴνου laden with wine, Pap. in Hermes 28.163 (ii A.D.), cf. ib.479, and infr. C. IV. 2.

WITH DATIVE (esp. in Poets, never in LXX (Job 12:5 is dub. l.) or NT, not common in Arist., Ptolemaic papyri, or Plb.), of Position under, ὑ. ποσσί Il. 2.784, al.; ὑ. πλατανίστῳ ib. 307, cf. 18.558; ὑ. Τμώλῳ at its foot, 2.866, cf. Od. 1.186; Βερύσιοι ὑ. τῇ Ἴδῃ IG 12.191.11, cf. 373.118, al.; ὑ. τῇ ἀκροπόλι Hdt. 6.105; τῶν θανόντων ὑπ' Ἰλίῳ under its walls, E. Hec. 764, cf. A. Ag. 860; πέτρῃ ὕ. γλαφυρῇ εὗδον, Βορέω ὑπ' ἰωγῇ Od. 14.533; ὑ. τοῖς ὄρεσιν ἔχειν τὰς πηγάς Arist. Mete. 350b27; ὑ. πέτρᾳ παῖς IG 42(1).122.19 (Epid., iv B.C.); ὑ. τῷ ναῷ ἀστραγαλίζοντος αὐτοῦ ib.121.25 (ibid., iv B.C.); ηυπὺ τῇ κλίνῃ τούτῃ ληνὸς (or Λῆνος) ηύπυ ib.14.871 (Cumae, v B.C.); στρουθοὶ ὑ. τῇ τραπέζῃ Michel 832.33 (Samos, iv B.C.); ὑ. τῇ μασχάλῃ Hp. Art. 11; χέλυν δ' ὑ. μασχάλῃ εἶχεν h.Merc. 242; ὑ. ταῖς μασχάλαις Arist. PA 688b5, 14; ὁ ὑ. τῇ γῇ ἀήρ under the earth, Id. Cael. 295a28; ἐὰν ὑ. σοὶ κατακλινῇ lies next below you, Pl. Smp. 222e; ὑφ' ἅρμασι under, i.e. yoked to, the chariot, Il. 8.402, 18.244; εἶχε μάχαιραν ὑφ' αὑτῷ παρεσκευασμένος Plb. 8.20.6 codd., cf. POxy. 1800 Fr. 2.36 (Vit.Aesop.); ὑ. τοῖς χιτωνίσκοις περιζώματα φοροῦσιν Plb. 12.26a. 4, cf. 13.7.9; τά τε θηρία καὶ τὰς ὑπ' αὐτοῖς σχεδίας under them, on which they stood, Id. 3.46.8; τῆς γῆς τῆς ὑ. τῷ κόσμῳ κειμένης Timae. ap. eund. 12.25.7; οἱ ὑ. τῇ ἄρκτῳ, τῇ μεσημβρία, οἰκοῦντες Adam. 2.31, cf. Arist. Pr. 940a37, Phgn. 806b16; ὑ. τῷ μετώπῳ ὀφρύες Id. HA 491b14; ὑ. τῷ γενείῳ Plb. 34.10.9; τὰ ὑ. τοῖς ὕδασι καὶ ὑμέσι καὶ ὑέλοις Hero *Deff. 135.12; ὑ. τῷ δέρματι Gal. 18(2).102.

2. with Verbs of motion, where rest or position follows, εἷσαν ὑ. φηγῷ set [him] down under it, Il. 5.693; ἔζευξαν ὑφ' ἅρμασιν.. ἵππους Od. 3.478, cf. Il. 24.782; ὑ. δ' ἄξοσι.. ἔπιπτον 16.378, cf. X. Cyr. 7.1.37; δέμνι' ὑπ' αἰθούσῃ θέμεναι Il. 24.644.

3. in such phrases as ὑ. χερσί τινος ἁλῶναι, δαμῆναι, 2.374, 860, al.; ἐμῇς ὑ. χερσὶ δάμασσον 3.352; ὑ. δουρὶ δαμῆναι 5.653, etc.; ἔκπεσον ἵππων Ἀτρεΐδεω ὑ. χερσί 11.180; ὤλετο.. ὑ. γαμφηλῇσι λέοντος 16.489; πέπληγμαι δ' ὑπαὶ δάκει φοινίῳ A. Ag. 1164 (lyr.); ἐν κονίῃσι πέσοιεν ὑπ' ἀνδράσι Il. 6.453; ὑ. τινὶ κτείνεσθαι 16.490.

4. behind, ὑ. φάλαγγι Ascl. Tact. 6.1; under the cover or protection of, ὑ. τούτῳ τῷ φράγματι τοὺς ὑπορύσσοντας εἶναι Aen.Tact. 37.9; ὑ. ταῖς αὑτῶν ἀσφαλείαις Plb. 1.57.8, 4.12.10, 16.6.1.

II of the person under whose hand, power, or influence, or the thing by or through which a thing is done, ὑπ' Ἀργείοισι φέβοντο fled before them, Il. 11.121; freq. in Hom. with intr. or pass. Verbs, ἐφόβηθεν ὑφ' Ἕκτορι Il. 15.637; ὁρμηθέντες ὑ. πληγῇσιν ἱμάσθλης Od. 13.82; βῆ.. θεῶν ὑ. πομπῇ Il. 6.171; ὦρτο δὲ κῦμα πνοιῇ ὕπο 23.215; ὑ. λαίλαπι βέβριθε χθών 16.384; τεκεῖν, τεκέσθαι ὑ. τινί, 2.714, 728, 742; ἀτῆθαι ὑ. τῷ μεμφομένῳ GDI 4994.8 (Crete); ὁ χρησμὸς ὁ γεγονὼς ὑ. τοῖ Ἀπόλλωνι Inscr.Magn. 38.5, cf. 12,31,52.

2. expressing subjection or dependence, ὑ. τινί under one's power, δέδμητο δὲ λαὸς ὑπ' αὐτῷ Od. 3.305, cf. Il. 9.156; ὑπ' ἀνδράσιν οἶκον ἔχουσιν Od. 7.68; εἶναι ὑ. τισί to be subordinate, subject to them, Th. 1.32; ὑ. Χείρωνι τεθραμμένος under the eye of.., Pl. R. 391c; ἔχειν ὑφ' ἑαυτῷ have under one, at one's command, X. Cyr. 2.1.26; τὰ θηρία τὰ ὑ. τοῖς ἀνθρώποις Pl. R. 563c; ὑ. τινὶ στρατεύσασθαι Plu. Cic. 44: in pregnant sense, ἵνα.. πάντα ὑ. Πέρσῃσι γένηται Hdt. 7.11, cf. Th. 7.64; ὑπ' ἑωυτῷ ποιήσασθαι Hdt. 7.157; κινδυνεύσαιμ' ἂν ὑ. τῇ δυσχερεστάτῃ γενέσθαι τύχῃ Lys. 24.6; ὑ. τῷ Μακεδόνι ταττομένων Plb. 18.11.4; τοὺς τραφέντας ὑ. τούτοις Id. 6.7.2.

3. of the subordination of things coming under a class, αἱ ὑ. ταῖς τέχναις ἐργασίαι Pl. Smp. 205c; τὸ ὑ. ταῖς γεωμετρίαις Id. R. 511b; ὄργανα.. τὰ ὑ. τῇ μουσικῇ Id. Hp.Ma. 295d.

4. as in A. 11.5, ὑπ' αὐλητῆρι πρόσθ' ἔκιον advanced to the music of the flute-player, Hes. Sc. 283; ὑπ' αὐλῷ, ὑ. κήρυκι καὶ θεολόγῳ, Luc. DDeor. 2.2, Alex. 19; ὑ. μάστιξι διορύττειν τὸν Ἄθω Plu. 2.470e: generally, of attendant circumstances, ἐξ ἁλὸς εἶσι.. πνοιῇ ὕπο Ζεφύροιο Od. 4.402; ὑ. ῥάβδοις καὶ πελέκεσι κατιών escorted by the lictors, Plu. Publ. 10; ὑ. σκότῳ, νυκτί,

Thayer's Expanded Definition

ὑπό (i. e. Latinsub (Curtius, § 393)), preposition, under, in secular authors used with the genitive, dative, and accusative, but in the N. T. with the genitive and accusative only. (On the use and the omission of elision with it before words beginning with a vowel, see WH's Appendix, p. 146{b}; Tdf Proleg., p. 4, (addenda et emendanda).)

I. with the genitive (cf. Winers Grammar, 364 (342), 368f, (346); Buttmann, § 147, 29), it is used:

1. properly, in a local sense, of situation or position under something higher, as ὑπό χτονος, often from Homer down; ὁ ἐπί γῆς καί ὑπό γῆς χρυσός, Plato, legg. 5, p. 728 a.; hence,

2. metaphorically, of the efficient cause, as that under the power of which an event is conceived of as being; here the Latin uses ἆ or ἀβ, and the English by; thus a. after passive verbs — with the genitive of a person: Matthew 1:22; Matthew 2:15; Mark 1:5; Mark 2:3; ( L T Tr WH); Luke 2:18; ( Rec.); John 10:14 R G; ; Acts 4:11; Acts 15:4; ( L T Tr WH); Romans 15:15 (R G L); 1 Corinthians 1:11; 2 Corinthians 1:4, 16; Galatians 1:11; Ephesians 2:11; Philippians 3:12; 1 Thessalonians 1:4; 2 Thessalonians 2:13; Hebrews 3:4, and in many other passages; φωνῆς ἐνεχθείσης ὑπό τῆς μεγαλοπρεποῦς δόξης, when a voice was brought by the majestic glory (cf. R. V. marginal reading), i. e. came down to him from God, 2 Peter 1:17; after γίνομαι, to be done, effected, Luke 9:7 R L in brackets; Luke 13:17; Luke 23:8; Ephesians 5:12; γίνεται τίνι ἐπιβουλή, Acts 20:3; ἡ ἐπιτιμία ἡ ὑπό τῶν πλειόνων, namely, ἐπιτιμηθεισα, 2 Corinthians 2:6; — with the genitive of a thing: Matthew 8:24; Matthew 11:7; Matthew 14:24; Luke 7:24; Luke 8:14 (see πορεύω, at the end); John 8:9; Acts 27:41; Romans 3:21; Romans 12:21; 1 Corinthians 10:29; 2 Corinthians 5:4; Ephesians 5:13; Colossians 2:18; James 1:14; James 2:9; James 3:4, 6; 2 Peter 2:7, 17; Jude 1:12; Revelation 6:13.

b. with neuter verbs, and with active verbs which carry a passive meaning: πάσχειν ὑπό τίνος, Matthew 17:12; Mark 5:26; 1 Thessalonians 2:14 (Homer, Iliad 11, 119; Thucydides 1, 77; Xenophon, symp. 1, 9; Cyril 6, 1, 36; Hier. 7, 8); ἀπολέσθαι, to perish, 1 Corinthians 10:9f (very often in secular authors from Herodotus 3, 32 on); ὑπομένειν τί, Hebrews 12:3 (cf. ἀντιλογία, 2); λαμβάνειν namely, πληγάς, to be beaten, 2 Corinthians 11:24; after a term purely active, of a force by which something is bidden to be done: ἀποκτεῖναι ἐν ῤομφαία καί ὑπό τῶν θηρίων τῆς γῆς, by the wild beasts, Revelation 6:8 (cf. 9:18 Rec.) (so ὠλεσε θυμόν ὑφ' Ἐκτορος, Homer, Iliad 17, 616; cf. Matthiae, ii., p. 1393; (Buttmann, 341 (293))).

II. with the accusative (Winer's Grammar, § 49, k.);

1. of motion, in answer to the question 'whither?': to come ὑπό τήν στέγην, Matthew 8:8; Luke 7:6; ἐπισυνάγειν, Matthew 23:37; Luke 13:34; with verbs of putting or placing: Matthew 5:15; Mark 4:21; Luke 11:33; 1 Corinthians 15:25; of placing under or subjecting, Luke 7:8; Romans 7:14; Romans 16:20; 1 Corinthians 15:27; Galatians 3:22; Galatians 4:3; Ephesians 1:22; 1 Peter 5:6; ἔχω τινα ὑπ' ἐμαυτόν, Matthew 8:9; Luke 7:8, γίνεσθαι, born under i. e. subject to, Galatians 4:4; of falling, tropically, James 5:12 (where Rst εἰς ὑπκρισιν).

2. of situation, position, tarrying: after κατασκηνοῦν, Mark 4:32; κάθημαι, James 2:3; with the verb εἶναι: (to and under) in a local or proper sense, John 1:48(49); Acts 4:12; Romans 3:13; 1 Corinthians 10:1; ἡ ὑπό (τόν) ὀυρνανος namely, χώρα, Luke 17:24; πάσῃ κτίσει τῇ ὑπό τόν οὐρανοῦ, namely, οὔσῃ, Colossians 1:23; τά ὑπό τόν οὐρανόν namely, ὄντα, Acts 2:5 (τά ὑπό σελήνην, Philo de vit. Moys. ii., § 12); εἶναι ὑπό τινα or τί, to be under, i. e. subject to the power of, any person or thing: Romans 3:9; Romans 6:14, 15; 1 Corinthians 9:20; Galatians 3:10, 25; Galatians 4:2, 21; Galatians 5:18; 1 Timothy 6:1; ὑπό ἐξουσίαν namely, ὤν, Matthew 8:9 (where L WH brackets read ὑπό ἐξουσίαν τασσόμενος (set under authority), so also the Sinaiticus manuscript); οἱ ὑπό νόμον, namely, ὄντες, 1 Corinthians 9:20; Galatians 4:5 (ὑπό ἐκπληξιν εἶναι, Protevangelium Jacobi, 18). τηρεῖν τινα, Jude 1:6; φρουρεῖσθαι, Galatians 3:23.

3. of time, like the Latinsub (cf.sub vespe. ram), equivalent to about (see examples from the Greek writings in Passow, p. 2111{a}; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, C. III.)): ὑπό τόν ὄρθρον, about daybreak, Acts 5:21. This preposition occurs with the accusative nowhere else in the N. T. The apostle John uses it only twice with the genitive (John 14:21; 3 John 1:12 — three times, if John 10:14 R G is counted (cf. John 8:9)), and once with the accusative (John 1:48 (49)).

III. in Composition ὑπό denotes:

1. locality, under: ὑποκάτω, ὑποπόδιον, ὑπωπιάζω, ὑποδέω; of the goal of motion, i. e. ὑπό τί, as ὑποδέχομαι (under one's roof); ὑπολαμβάνω (to receive by standing under); ὑποβάλλω, ὑποτίθημι; tropically, in expressions of subjection, compliance, etc., as ὑπακούω, ὑπακοή, ὑπηκως, ὑπόδικος, ὕπανδρος, ὑπάγω, ὑπολείπω, ὑποχωρέω.

2. small in degree, slightly, as ὑποπνέω.

Abbott-Smith Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament

ὑπό

(before smooth breathing ὑπ᾿ , Matthew 8:9 b, Luke 7:8 b; before rough breathing ὑφ᾿ , Romans 3:9; on the neglect of elision in Mt, Lk, ll. c a, Galatians 3:22, v. WH, App., 146; Tdf., Pr., iv), prep. c. gen., dat. (not in NT), acc

I. C. gen., primarily of place, under, hence, metaph., of the efficient cause, by: after passive verbs, c. gen. pers., Matthew 1:22, Mark 1:5, Luke 2:18, John 14:21, Acts 4:11, 1 Corinthians 1:11, Hebrews 3:4, al.; c. gen. rei, Matthew 8:24, Luke 7:24, Romans 3:21, al.; with neut. verbs and verbs with pass. meaning, Matthew 17:12, Mark 5:26, 1 Corinthians 10:9-10, 1 Thessalonians 2:14, al.

II. C. acc, under;

1. of motion: Matthew 5:15; Matthew 8:8, Mark 4:21, Luke 13:34; hence, metaph., of subjection, Romans 7:14, 1 Corinthians 15:27, Galatians 3:22, 1 Peter 5:6, al.

2. Of position: John 1:49, Acts 4:12, Romans 3:13, 1 Corinthians 10:1, al.; hence, metaph., under, subject to, Matthew 8:9, Romans 3:9, 1 Corinthians 9:20, Galatians 4:5, al.

3. Of time, about: Acts 5:21.

III. In composition: under (ὑποδέω ), hence, of subjection (ὑποτάσσω ), compliance (ὑπακούω ), secrecy (ὑποβάλλω ), diminution (ὑποπνέω ).

Abbott-Smith Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament.
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.

Vocabulary of the Greek NT

For this city of the Roman province Asia (Rev. 1:11; Rev. 3:7), see Ramsay Letters, p. 391 ff. A village of the same name is found in the Arsinoite nome, see P Lond 166 b.6 (A.D. 186) (= II. p. 106), BGU II. 356.6 (A.D. 213).

List of Word Forms

υπ υπ' ὑπ' υπο υπό ὑπό ὑπὸ υφ υφ' ὑφ' hyp' hyph' hypo hypó hypò up uph upo