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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #3756 - οὐ
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- no, not; in direct questions expecting an affirmative answer
- Book
- Word
- Parsing
did not use
this Strong's Number
οὐ, the negative of fact and statement, as μή of will and thought; οὐ denies, μή rejects; οὐ is absolute, μή relative; οὐ objective, μή subjective. —
The same differences hold for all compds. of οὐ and μή, and some examples of οὐδέ and οὐδείς are included below. —
As to the Form, v. infr. G. USAG E.
I as the negative of single words,
II as the negative of the sentence.
I οὐ adhering to single words so as to form a quasi-compd. with them: — with Verbs: οὐ δίδωμι withhold, Il. 24.296; οὐκ εἰῶ prevent, 2.132, 4.55, al.; οὐκ ἐθέλω refuse, 1.112, 3.289, al.; οὔ φημι deny, 7.393, 23.668, al. (In most of these uses μή can replace οὐ when the constr. requires it, e.g. εἰ μή φησι ταῦτα ἀληθῆ εἶναι Lycurg. 34; but sts. οὐ is retained, εἰ δ' ἂν.. οὐκ ἐθέλωσιν Il. 3.289; εἰ δέ κ'.. ου'κ εἰῶσι 20.139; ἐὰν οὐ φάσκῃ Lys. 13.76; ἐάντε.. οὐ (v.l. μή) φῆτε ἐάντε φῆτε Pl. Ap. 25b): —
with Participles: οὐκ ἐθέλων Il. 4.224, 300, 6.165, etc.: — with Adjectives: οὐκ ἀέκοντε 5.366, 768, al.; οὐ πολλήν Th. 6.7, etc.: — with Adverbs: οὐχ ἥκιστα Id. 1.68, etc.: rarely with Verbal Nouns (v. infr. 11.10). —
On the use of οὐ in contrasts, v. infr. B.
II as negativing the whole sentence,
1 οὐ is freq. used alone, sts. with the ellipsis of a definite Verb, οὔκ (sc. ἀποκερῇ), ἄν γε ἐμοὶ πείθῃ Pl. Phd. 89b: sts. as negativing the preceding sentence, Ar. Pax 850, X. HG 1.7.19: as a Particle of solemn denial freq. with μά (q. v.) and the acc.; sts. without μά, οὐ τὸν πάντων θεῶν θεὸν πρόμον Ἅλιον S. OT 660 (lyr.), cf. 1088 (lyr.), El. 1063 (lyr.), Ant. 758.
2. with ind. of statement, τὴν δ' ἐγὼ οὐ λύσω Il. 1.29, cf. 114, 495; οὐ φθίνει Κροίσου φιλόφρων ἀρετά Pi. P. 1.94; ἔνθα κεν οὔ τιν' ἀδάκρυτόν γ' ἐνόησας Ἀργείων Od. 24.61; οὔ κεν.. ἔπαξε Pi. N. 7.25; οὐκ ἂν ὑπεξέφυγε Il. 8.369.
3. with subj. in fut. sense, only in , οὐ γάρ τίς με βίῃ γε ἑκὼν ἀέκοντα δίηται 7.197; οὐκ ἄν τοι χραίς μῃ κίθαρις 3.54, cf. 11.387.
4. with opt. in potential sense (without ἄν or κεν), also , ὃ οὐ δύο γ' ἄνδρε φέροιεν 5.303, 20.286.
5. with opt. and ἄν, κείνοισι δ' ἂν οὔ τις.. μαχέοιτο 1.271, cf. 301, 2.250, Hdt. 6.63, A. Pr. 979, S. Aj. 155 (anap.), E. IA 310, Ar. Ach. 403, etc.
6. in dependent clauses οὐ is used, with ὅτι or ὡς, after Verbs of saying, knowing, and showing, ἐκ μέν τοι ἐρέω.. ὡς ἐγὼ οὔ τι ἑκὼν κατερύκομαι Od. 4.377, cf. S. El. 561, D. 2.8, etc.: so with ind. or opt. and ἄν, ἀπελογοῦντο ὡς οὐκ ἄν ποτε οὕτω μωροὶ ἦσαν X. HG 5.4.22, cf. Pl. R. 330a; ὡς δὲ οὐκ ἂν δικαίως αὐτοὺς δέχοισθε μαθεῖν χρή Th. 1.40, cf. X. Cyr. 1.1.3, etc.: with opt. representing ind. in orat. obliq., ἔλεξε παιδὶ σῷ.. ὡς.. Ἕλληνες οὐ μενοῖεν A. Pers. 358, cf. S. Ph. 346, Th. 1.38, X. HG 6.1.1, Pl. Revelation 22:1-21 b, etc.: for μή in such sentences, v. μή B. 3. in all causal sentences, and in temporal and Relat. sentences unless there is conditional or final meaning, χωσαμένη, ὅ οἱ οὔ τι θαλύσια.. ῥέξε Il. 9.534; ἄχθεται ὅτι οὐ κάρτα θεραπεύεται Hdt. 3.80; διότι οὐκ ἦσαν δίκαι, οὐ δυνατοὶ ἦμεν παρ' αὐτῶν ἃ ὤφειλον πράξασθαι Lys. 17.3; μή με κτεῖν', ἐπεὶ οὐχ ὁμογάστριος Ἕκτορός εἰμι Il. 21.95, etc.; νῦν δὲ ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἐθέλεις.., εἶμι Pl. Prt. 335c; ἐπειδὴ τὸ χωρίον οὐχ ἡλίσκετο Th. 1.102; νηπιάχοις οἷς οὔ τι μέλει πολεμήϊα ἔργα Il. 2.338, etc.: in causal relative sentences, οἵτινές σε οὐχὶ ἐσώσαμεν Pl. Cri. 46a; esp. in the combinations, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅστις οὐ.., as οὐκ ἔστ' ἐραστὴς ὅστις οὐκ ἀεὶ φιλεῖ E. Tr. 1051, cf. Hec. 298; οὔτις ἔσθ' ὃς οὔ S. Aj. 725; οὐδείς ἐστιν ὅστις οὐ.. Isoc. 15.180. after ὥστε with ind. or opt. with ἄν, ὥστ' οὐ δυνατόν σ' εἵργειν ἔσται Ar. V. 384, cf. S. Aj. 98, OT 411; οὕτως αὐτοὺς ἀγαπῶμεν.. ὥστε.. οὐκ ἂν ἐθελήσαιμεν Isoc. 8.45; οὐκ ἂν ὡρκίζομεν αὐτὸν ὥστε τῆς εἰρήνης ἂν διημαρτήκει καὶ οὐκ ἂν ἀμφότερ' εἶχε D. 18.30: ὥστε οὐ with inf. is almost invariably due to orat. obliq., ὥστ' οὐκ αἰσχύνεσθαι (for οὐκ αἰσχύνονται) Id. 19.308, cf. Th. 5.40, 8.76, Lys. 18.6, Isa 11.27 (cj. Reiske). — Rarely not in orat. obliq., S. El. 780, E. Ph. 1358, Hel. 108, D. 53.2, 9.48.
7. in a conditional clause μή is necessary, except, in Hom., when the εἰ clause precedes the apodosis and the verb is indic., εἰ δέ μοι οὐκ ἐπέεσσ' ἐπιπείσεται Il. 15.162, cf. 178, 20.129, 24.296, Od. 2.274, Il. 4.160, Od. 12.382, 13.144 (9.410 is an exception). when the εἰ clause is really causal, as after Verbs expressing surprise or emotion, μὴ θαυμάσῃς, εἰ πολλὰ τῶν εἰρημένων οὐ πρέπει σοι Isoc. 1.44; κατοικτῖραι.., εἰ.. οὐδεὶς ἐς ἑκατοστὸν ἔτος περιέσται Hdt. 7.46, cf. S. Aj. 1242; so also δεινὸν γὰρ ἂν εἴη πρῆγμα, εἰ Σάκας μὲν καταστρεψάμενοι δούλους ἔχομεν, Ἕλληνας δὲ οὐ τιμωρησόμεθα Hdt. 7.9, cf. And. 1.102, Lys. 20.8 (prob.), D. 8.55; οὐκ αἰσχρόν, εἰ τὸ μὲν Ἀργείων πλῆθος οὐκ ἐφοβήθη τὴν Λακεδαιμονίων ἀρχήν, ὑμεῖς δ' ὄντες Ἀθηναῖοι βάρβαρον ἄνθρωπον.. φοβήσεσθε; Id. 15.23, cf. Hdt. 5.97, Lys. 22.13. when οὐ belongs closely to the next word (v. A. I), or is quoted unchanged, εἰ, ὡς νῦν φήσει, οὐ παρεσκευάσατο D. 54.29 codd.; εἰ δ' οὐκέτ' ἐστί (sc. ὥσπερ λέγεις), τίνι τρόπῳ διεφθάρη; E. Ion 347.
8. οὐ is used with inf. in orat. obliq., when it represents the ind. of orat. recta, φαμὲν δέ οἱ οὐ τελέεσθαι Od. 4.664, cf. Il. 17.174, 21.316, S. Ph. 1389, etc.; λέγοντες οὐκ εἶναι αὐτόνομοι Th. 1.67, cf. Pl. R. 348c, X. Cyr. 1.6.18; οἶμαι.. οὐκ ὀλίγον ἔργον αὐτὸ εἶναι Pl. R. 369b, cf. S. OT 1051, Th. 1.71, etc.; ἡγήσαντο ἡμᾶς οὐ περιόψεσθαι ib. 39. (For the occasional use of μή, v. μή B. 5c; sts. we have οὐ and μή in consecutive clauses, οἶμαι σοῦ κάκιον οὐδὲν ἂν τούτων κρατύνειν μηδ' ἐπιθύνειν χερί S. Ph. 1058s q.; αὐτὸ ἡγοῦμαι οὐ διδακτὸν εἶναι μηδὲ.. παρασκευαστόν Pl. Prt. 319b.)
9. οὐ is used with the part., when it can be resolved into a finite sentence with οὐ, as after Verbs of knowing and showing, τὸν κατθανόνθ' ὁρῶντες οὐ τιμώμενον E. Hec. 316; κατενόησαν οὐ πολλοὺς τοὺς Θηβαίους ὄντας Th. 2. 3; ἔργῳ δηλώσω οὐ παραγενόμενος Antipho 2.4.8, etc.; or into a causal sentence, τῶν βαρβάρων οἱ πολλοὶ ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ διεφθάρησαν νέειν οὐκ ἐπιστάμενοι Hdt. 8.89; τὴν Μένδην πόλιν ἅτε οὐκ ἀπὸ ξυμβάσεως ἀνοιχθεῖσαν διήρπασαν Th. 4.130; or into a concessive sentence, δόξω γυναῖκα καίπερ οὐκ ἔχων ἔχειν E. Alc. 352, cf. S. Ph. 377, etc.: regularly with ὡς and part., ὡς οὐχὶ συνδράσουσα νουθετεῖς τάδε Id. El. 1025, etc.; ἐθορυβεῖτε ὡς οὐ ποιήσοντες ταῦτα Lys. 12.73, cf. S. Ph. 884, Aj. 682, Hdt. 7.99, Th. 1.2, 5, 28, 68, 90; ὥσπερ οὐ πάντας τούτῳ τῷ τεκμηρίῳ χρωμένους Lycurg. 90, cf. Th. 8.1, Isoc. 4.11: — for exceptions, v. μή B. 6. when the part. is used with the Art., μή is generally used, unless there is a distinct reference to a fact, when οὐ is occasionally found, ἡμεῖς δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς οὐκ οὔσης ἔτι [πόλεως] ὁρμώμενοι Th. 1.74; τοὺς ἐν τῇ πόλει οὐδὲν εἰδότας Id. 4.111; οἱ οὐκ ἐθέλοντες Antipho 6.26; τῶν οὐ βουλομένων And. 1.9; τοὺς οὐδὲν ἀδικοῦντας ἀκρίτους ἀπέκτειναν Lys. 12.82, cf. τὸν οὐδὲ συμπενθῆσαι τὰς τῆς πατρίδος συμφορὰς τολμήσαντα (preceded by τὸν.. μήτε ὅπλα θέμενον ὑπὲρ τῆς πατρίδος μήτε τὸ σῶμα παρασχόντα κτλ.) Lycurg. 43; τὸ οὐχ εὑρημένον Pl. R. 427e.
10. Adjectives and abstract Substantives with the article commonly take μή (v. μή B. 7) but οὐ is occasionally used, τὰς οὐκ ἀναγκαίας πόσεις X. Lac. 5.4; τοὺς οὐδένας E. IA 371; τὸν οὐδέν Id. Ph. 598 (whereas ὁ μηδείς, τὸ μηδέν is the rule); τὴν τῶν γεφυρῶν οὐ διάλυσιν the non - dissolution of the bridges, the fact of their not being broken up, Th. 1.137; ἡ οὐ περιτείχισις Id. 3.95; ἡ τῶν χωρίων οὐκ ἀπόδοσις Id. 5.35, cf. E. Hipp. 196 (anap.); so without the article, ἐν οὐ καιπῷ Id. Ba. 1287; οὐ πάλης ὕπο ib. 455.
11. for οὐ μή, v. sub voc.
12. in questions οὐ ordinarily expects a positive answer, οὔ νυ καὶ ἄλλοι ἔασι..; Il. 10.165; οὐχ ὁράᾳς..; dost thou not see? Od. 17.545; οὐκ.. ᾐσθόμην; A. Pr. 956: so as a strong form of imper., οὐκ ἀπαλλάξει; E. Ion 524; οὐκ ἀποκτενεῖτε τὸν μιαρὸν τοῦτον ἄνθρωπον; Din. 1.18; οὐκ εἶ καταπιὼν Εὐριπίδην; Ar. Ach. 484; βάλλε, βάλλε folld. by οὐ βαλεῖς; οὐ βαλεῖς; ib. 281 and 283, cf. S. Ant. 885: also with opt. and ἄν, οὐκ ἂν δὴ τόνδ' ἄνδρα μάχης ἐρύσαιο (= ἔρυσαι); Il. 5.456; οὐκ ἂν φράσειας (= φράσον); S. Ph. 1222; but in questions introduced by οὐ δή, οὐ δή του, οὔ που, οὔ τί που, a doubt is implied of the statement involved, and an appeal is made to the hearers, οὐ δή ποθ' ἡμῖν ξυγγενὴς ἥκεις ποθέν; surely you are not..? Id. El. 1202, cf. Ph. 900; οὔ τί που οὗτος Ἀπόλλων..; Pi. P. 4.87, cf. S. Ph. 1233, E. IA 670, Hel. 135, Ion 1113, Ar. Ra. 522, 526.
POSITION. οὐ is generally put immediately before the word which it negatives, οὐκ ἐκεῖνον ἐθεώμην. — ἀλλὰ τίνα μήν ; ἔφη ὁ Τιγράνης X. Cyr. 3.1.41; οὐχ αἱ τρίχες ποιοῦσιν αἱ λευκαὶ φρονεῖν Men. 639; οὐ διὰ τὸ μὴ ἀκοντίζειν οὐκ ἔβαλον αὐτὸν ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ μηδενὶ ὑπὸ τὸ ἀκόντιον ὑπελθεῖν Antipho 3.4.6: in Poetry the position is freq. more free, κίνδυνος ἄναλκιν οὐ φῶτα λαμβάνει Pi. O. 1.81; οὐ ψεύδεϊ τέγξω λόγον ib. 4.19; κατακρύπτει δ' οὐ κόνις ib. 8.79; χρὴ πρὸς θεὸν οὐκ ἐρίζειν Id. P. 2.88: sts. emphatically at the end of the clause, καὶ τοὶ γὰρ αἰθοίσας ἔχοντες σπέρμ' ἀνέβαν φλογὸς οὔ Id. O. 7.48; ταρβήσει γὰρ οὔ S. Aj. 545: in clauses opposed by μέν and δέ the οὐ (or μή) is freq. placed at the end, βούλονται μέν, δύνανται δ' οὔ Th. 6.38; οὗτος δ' ἦν καλὸς μέν, μέγας δ' οὔ X. An. 4.4.3; ἔδοξέ μοι ὁ ἀνὴρ δοκεῖν μὲν εἶναι σοφὸς.., εἶναι δ' οὔ Pl. Revelation 21:1-27 c; so τὸ Πέρσας μὲν λέληθε, ἡμέας μέντοι οὔ Hdt. 1.139: freq. with ὁ μὲν.. ὁ δέ, οὐ πάσας χρὴ τὰς δόξας τιμᾶν, ἀλλὰ τὰς μέν, τὰς δ' οὔ Pl. Cri. 47a, cf. Ap. 24e, R. 475b, etc.; Λέριοι κακοί, οὐχ ὁ μέν, ὃς δ' οὔ Phoc. 1: sts. in the first clause after μέν, οἱ δὲ στρατηγοὶ ἐξῆγον μὲν οὔ, συνεκάλεσαν δέ X. An. 6.4.20, cf. 4.8.2, Cyr. 1.4.10, Pl. Phd. 73b; κατώρα πᾶν μὲν οὒ τὸ στρατόπεδον Hdt. 7.208.
ACCUMULATION.
1 A simple neg. (οὐ or μή) is freq. repeated in composition with Prons., Advbs., or Conjs., as οὐδείς or μηδείς, οὐδέ or μηδέ, οὐδαμῶς or μηδαμῶς, first in Hom., οὔ μιν ὁΐομαιοὐδὲ πεπύσθαι λυγρῆς ἀγγελίης Il. 17.641; ἀλλ' οὔ μοι Τρώων τόσσον μέλει ἄλγος ὀπίσσω οὔτ' αὐτῆς Ἑκάβης οὔτε Πριάμοιο ἄνακτος 6.450; οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδὲν κρεῖσσον οἰκείου φίλου E. Andr. 986: the first neg. may be a compd., καθεύδων οὐδεὶς οὐδενὸς ἄξιος οὐδὲν μᾶλλον τοῦ μὴ ζῶντος Pl. Lg. 808b; οὐδενὶ οὐδαμῇ οὐδαμῶς οὐδεμίαν κοινωνίαν ἔχει Id. Prm. 166a (similarly with μή, Phdr. 236e): or a neg. Adj., ἀδύνατος οὐδὲν ἄλλο πλὴν λέγειν μάτην E. Andr. 746; οὐ follows the compd. neg., οὐδ' εἰ πάντες ἔλθοιεν Πέρσαι, πλήθει γε οὐχ ὑπερβαλοίμεθ' ἂν τοὺς πολεμίους X. Cyr. 2.1.8; οὐδ' ἂν ἡ πόλις ἄρα (ὅπερ ἄρτι ἐλέγομεν) ὅλη τοιοῦτον ποιῇ, οὐκ ἐπαινέσῃ Pl. R. 426b, cf. Smp. 204a: sts. a confirmative Particle accompanies the first οὐ or οὐδέ, and the neg. is repeated with emphasis, οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδέ μ' ἔασκες Il. 19.295; οὐδὲ γὰρ οὐδὲ Δρύαντος υἱὸς.. δὴν ἧν 6.130, v. οὐδέ C. 11; οὐ μέντοι οὐδὲ αὖ ὡς σύ μοι δοκεῖς οἴεσθαι Pl. Prt. 332a: so also in Trag. and Att. without any such Particle, οὐ σμικρός, οὔχ, ἁγὼν ὅδε not small, no, is this struggle, S. OC 587; θεοῖς τέθνηκεν οὗτος, οὐ κείνοισιν, οὔ Id. Aj. 970, cf. Ar. Ra. 28, 1308, X. Smp. 2.4, Pl. R. 390c.
2. when the compd. neg. precedes and the simple neg. follows with the Verb, the opposing negs. produce an emphatic positive, οὐδεὶς ἀνθρώπων ἀδικῶν τίσιν οὐκ ἀποτείσει Orac. ap. Hdt. 5.56; γλώσσης κρυφαῖον οὐδὲν οὐ διέρχεται S. Fr. 935 (but prob. f.l.); οὐδεὶς οὐκ ἔπασχέ τι X. Smp. 1.9.
3. similarly each of two simple negs. may retain its negating force, ὥσπερ οὐ διὰ πρᾳότητα καὶ ἀσχολίαν τὴν ὑμετέραν οὐ δεδωκὼς ὑμῖν δίκην Lys. 6.34; ἐγὼ δ' οὐκ οἶμαι.. οὐ δεῖν ὑμᾶς ἀμύνεσθαι Id. 13.52 (similarly with μή, D. 19.77): sts. a combination of a μέν -clause with a δέ -clause containing οὐ is negatived as a whole by a preceding οὐ, e.g. οὐ γὰρ δήπου Κτησιφῶντα μὲν δύναται διώκειν δι' ἐμέ, ἐμὲ δέ, εἴπερ ἐξελέγξειν ἐνόμιζεν, αὐτὸν οὐκ ἂν ἐγράψατο Id. 18.13.
PLEONASM OF οὐ: after Verbs of denying, doubting, and disputing, folld. by ὡς or ὅτι with a finite Verb, οὐ is inserted to show the neg. character of the statement, where in Engl. the neg. is not required, ὡς μὲν οὐκ ἀληθῆ ταῦτ' ἐστὶν οὐκ ἔχετ' ἀντιλέγειν D. 8.31, cf. Th. 1.77, X. HG 2.3.16, Smp. 2.12, Isoc. 5.57, etc.; οὐδεὶς ἂν τολμήσειεν ἀντειπεῖν ὡς οὐ τὴν μὲν ἐμπειρίαν μᾶλλον τῶν ἄλλων ἔχομεν Id. 6.48, cf. And. 4.34, D. 16.4, etc.; οὐκ ἂν ἀρνηθεῖεν ἔνιοι ὡς οὐκ εἰσὶ τοιοῦτοι Id. 9.54; ἀρνεῖσθαι ὅτι οὐ παρῆν X. Ath. 2.17; οὐδ' αὐτὸς ὁ Λάμπις ἔξαρνος ἐγένετο
οὐ before a consonant, οὐκ before a vowel with a smooth breathing, and οὐχ before an aspirated vowel; but sometimes in the best manuscripts οὐχ occurs even before a smooth breathing; accordingly, L T WH marginal reading have adopted οὐχ ἰδού, Acts 2:7; L T οὐχ Ἰουδαϊκῶς, Galatians 2:14 (see WH, Introduction, § 409); L οὐχ ὀλίγος, Acts 19:23; οὐχ ἠγάπησαν, Revelation 12:11; and contrariwise οὐκ before an aspirate, as οὐκ ἕστηκεν, John 8:44 T; (οὐκ ἕνεκεν, 2 Corinthians 7:12 T); (οὐκ εὗρον, Luke 24:3; (οὐκ ὑπάρχει, Acts 3:6) in manuscript א (also C*; cf. the Alex. manuscript in 1 Esdr. 4:2, 12; Job 19:16; Job 38:11, 26)); cf. Winers Grammar, § 5, 1 d. 14; Buttmann, 7; (A. V. Schütz, Hist. Alphab. Art., Berol. 1875, pp. 54-58; Sophocles, Hist. of Greek Alphab., 1st edition 1848, p. 64f (on the breathing); Tdf., the Sept., edition 4, Proleg., pp. xxxiii. xxxiv.; Scrivener, Collation etc., 2nd edition, p. 55: no. 9; id. manuscript Bezae, p. xlvii. no. 11 (cf. p. xiii. no. 5); Kuenen and Cobet, N. T. etc., p. 87f; Tdf. Proleg., p. 90f; WH. Introductory §§ 405ff, and Appendix, p. 143f); the Sept. for לֹא, אַיִן, אֵין; a particle of negation, not (how it differs from μή has been explained in μή, at the beginning); it is used:
1. absolutely and accented, οὐ, nay, no (Winer's Grammar, 476 (444)): in answers, ὁ δέ φησίν. οὐ, Matthew 13:29; ἀπεκρίθη. Οὐ, John 1:21; (
2. It is joined to other words — to a finite verb, simply to deny that what is declared in the verb applies to the subject of the sentence: Matthew 1:25 (οὐκ ἐγίνωσκεν αὐτήν); Mark 3:25; Luke 6:43; John 10:28; Acts 7:5; Romans 1:16, and times without number. It has the same force when conjoined to participles: ὡς οὐκ ἀέρα δέρων, 1 Corinthians 9:26; οὐκ ὄντος αὐτῷ τέκνου, at the time when he had no child, Acts 7:5 (μή ὄντος would be, although he had no child); add, Romans 8:20; 1 Corinthians 4:14; 2 Corinthians 4:8; Galatians 4:8, 27; Colossians 2:19; Philippians 3:3; Hebrews 11:35; 1 Peter 1:8; ὁ ... οὐκ ὤν ποιμήν, John 10:12 (where according to classical usage μή must have been employed, because such a person is imagined as is not a shepherd; (cf. Buttmann, 351 (301) and μή, I. 5 b.)). in relative sentences: εἰσιν ... τινες οἱ οὐ πιστεύουσιν, John 6:64; add, Matthew 10:38; Matthew 12:2; Luke 6:2; Romans 15:21; Galatians 3:10, etc.; οὐκ ἐστιν ὅς and οὐδέν ἐστιν ὁ followed by a future: Matthew 10:26; Luke 8:17; Luke 12:2; τίς ἐστιν, ὅς οὐ followed by a present indicative: Acts 19:35; Hebrews 12:7; cf. Winers Grammar, 481 (448); Buttmann, 355 (305); in statements introduced by ὅτι after verbs of understanding, perceiving, saying, etc.: John 5:42; John 8:55, etc.; ὅτι οὐκ (where οὐκ is pleonastic) after ἀρνεῖσθαι, 1 John 2:22; cf. Buttmann, § 148, 13; (Winer's Grammar, § 65, 2 β.); — to an infinitive, where μή might have been expected: τίς ἔτι χρεία κατά τήν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ ἕτερον ἀνίστασθαι ἱερέα καί οὐ κατά τήν τάξιν Ἀαρών λέγεσθαι, Hebrews 7:11 (where the difficulty is hardly removed by saying (e. g. with Winer's Grammar, 482 (449)) that οὐ belongs only to κατά τήν τάξιν Ἀαρών, not to the infinitive). it serves to deny other parts of statements: οὐκ ἐν σοφία λόγου, 1 Corinthians 1:17; οὐ μέλανι, οὐκ ἐν πλαξί λιθίναις, 2 Corinthians 3:3, and many other examples; — to deny the object, ἔλεος (R G ἔλεον) θέλω, οὐ θυσίαν, Matthew 9:13; Matthew 12:7; οὐκ ἐμέ δέχεται, Mark 9:37. It blends with the term to which it is prefixed into a single and that an affirmative idea (Winers Grammar, 476 (444); cf. Buttmann, 347 (298)); as, οὐκ ἐάω, to present, hinder, Acts 16:7; Acts 19:30 (cf., on this phrase, Herm. ad Vig., p. 887f); οὐκ ἔχω, to be poor, Matthew 13:12; Mark 4:25 (see ἔχω, I. 2 a., p. 266{b}); τά οὐκ ἀνήκοντα (or ἅ οὐκ ἀνῆκεν, L T Tr WH), unseemly, dishonorable, Ephesians 5:4 (see μή, I. 5 d. at the end, p. 410a; (cf. Buttmann, § 148, 7{a}.; Winer's Grammar, 486 (452))); often so as to form a litotes; as, οὐκ ἀγνοέω, to know well, 2 Corinthians 2:11 (Wis. 12:10); οὐκ ὀλίγοι, not a few, i. e. very many, Acts 17:4, 12; Acts 19:23; Acts 15:2; Acts 14:28; Acts 27:20; οὐ πολλαί ἡμέραι, a few days, Luke 15:13; John 2:12; Acts 1:5; οὐ πολύ, Acts 27:14; οὐ μετρίως, Acts 20:12; οὐκ ἄσημος, not undistinguished (A. V. no mean etc.), Acts 21:39; οὐκ ἐκ μέτρου, John 3:34. it serves to limit the term to which it is joined: οὐ πάντως, not altogether, not entirely (see πάντως, c. β.); οὐ πᾶς, not any and every one, Matthew 7:21; plural, οὐ πάντες, not all, Matthew 19:11; Romans 9:6; Romans 10:16; οὐ πᾶσα σάρξ, not every kind of flesh, 1 Corinthians 15:39; οὐ παντί τῷ λαῷ, not to all the people, Acts 10:41; on the other hand, when οὐ is joined to the verb, πᾶς ... οὐ must be rendered no one, no (as in Hebrew, now כָּל ... לֹא, now לֹא ... כָּל; cf. Winer, Lex. Hebrew et Chald., p. 513f): Luke 1:31; Ephesians 5:5; 1 John 2:21; Revelation 22:3; πᾶσα σάρξ ... οὐ with a verb, no flesh, no mortal, Matthew 24:22; Mark 13:20; Romans 3:20; Galatians 2:16; cf. Winers Grammar, § 26, 1; (Buttmann, 121 (106)). Joined to a noun it denies and annuls the idea of the noun; as, τόν οὐ λαόν, a people that is not a people (German ein Nichtvolk, a no-people), Romans 9:25, cf. 1 Peter 2:10; ἐπ' οὐκ ἔθνει (R. V. with that which is no nation), Romans 10:19 (so עָם לֹא; אֵל לֹא, a no-god, Deuteronomy 32:21; עֵץ לֹא, a not-wood, Isaiah 10:15; οὐκ ἀρχιερεύς, 2 Macc. 4:13; ἡ οὐ διάλυσις, Thucydides 1, 137, 4; ἡ οὐ περιτείχισις 3, 95, 2; ἡ οὐκ ἐξουσία 5, 50, 3; δἰ ἀπειροσυναν ... κουκ ἀπόδειξιν, Euripides, Hippolytus 196, and other examples in Greek writings; non sutor, Horace sat. 2, 3, 106; non corpus, Cicero, acad. 1, 39 at the end); cf. Winers Grammar, 476 (444); (Buttmann, § 148, 9); ἡ οὐκ ἠγαπημένη, Romans 9:25; οἱ οὐκ ἠλεημένοι, 1 Peter 2:10.
3. followed by another negative,
a. it strengthens the negation: οὐ κρίνω οὐδένα, John 8:15; add, Mark 5:37; 2 Corinthians 11:9 (8); οὗ οὐκ ἦν οὐδέπω οὐδείς κείμενος, Luke 23:53 (see οὐδέπω); οὐκ ... οὐδέν, nothing at all, Luke 4:2; John 6:63; John 11:49; John 12:19; John 15:5; οὐ μέλει σοι περί οὐδενός, Matthew 22:16; οὐκ ... οὐκέτι, Acts 8:39; cf. Matthiae, § 609, 3; Kühner, ii. § 516; Winers Grammar, § 55, 9{b}; (Buttmann, § 148, 11).
b. as in Latin, it changes a negation into an affirmation (cf. Matthiae, § 609, 2; Klotz ad Devar. ii. 2, p. 695f; Winers Grammar, § 55, 9 a.; Buttmann, § 148, 12); οὐ παρά τοῦτο οὐκ ἐστιν ἐκ τοῦ σώματος, not on this account is it not of the body, i. e. it belongs to the body, does not cease to be of the body, 1 Corinthians 12:15; οὐ δυνάμεθα ἅ εἴδομεν καί ἠκούσαμεν μή λαλεῖν, we are unable not to speak (A. V. we cannot but speak), Acts 4:20.
4. It is used in disjunctive statements where one thing is denied that another may be established (Winers Grammar, § 55, 8; cf. Buttmann, 356 (306)): οὐκ ... ἀλλά, Luke 8:52; Luke 24:6 (WH reject the clause); John 1:33; John 7:10, 12, 16; John 8:49; Acts 10:41; Romans 8:20; 1 Corinthians 15:10; 2 Corinthians 3:3; 2 Corinthians 8:5; Hebrews 2:16, etc.; see ἀλλά II. 1; οὐχ ἵνα ... ἀλλ' ἵνα, John 3:17; οὐχ ἵνα ... ἀλλά, John 6:38; οὐ μόνον ... ἀλλά καί, see ἀλλά, II. 1 and μόνος, 2; οὐκ ... εἰ μή, see εἰ, III. 8 c., p. 171{b}; οὐ μή with subjunctive aorist followed by εἰ μή, Revelation 21:27 (see εἰ as above, β.).
5. It is joined to other particles: οὐ μή, not at all, by no means, surely not, in no wise, see μή, IV.; οὐ μηκέτι with aorist subjunctive Matthew 21:19 L T Tr marginal reading WH. μή οὐ, where μή is interrogative (Latinnum) and οὐ negative (cf. Buttmann, 248 (214), 354 (304); Winer's Grammar, 511 (476)): Romans 10:18; 1 Corinthians 9:4; 1 Corinthians 11:22. εἰ οὐ, see εἰ, III. 11, p. 172a. οὐ γάρ (see γάρ, I., p. 109b), Acts 16:37.
6. As in Hebrew לֹא with imperfect, so in Biblical Greek οὐ with 2 person future is used in emphatic prohibition (in secular authors it is milder; cf. Winers Grammar, § 43, 5 c.; also 501f (467f); (Buttmann, § 139, 64); Fritzsche on Matthew, p. 259f (cf. p. 252f) thinks otherwise, but not correctly): Matthew 6:5; and besides in the moral precepts of the O. T., Matthew 4:7; Matthew 19:18; Luke 4:12; Acts 23:5; Romans 7:7; Romans 13:9.
7. οὐ is used interrogatively — when an affirmative answer is expected (Latinnonne; (Winers Grammar, § 57, 3{a}; Buttmann, 247 (213))): Matthew 6:26, 30; Matthew 17:24; Mark 4:21; Mark 12:24; Luke 11:40; John 4:35; John 7:25; Acts 9:21; Romans 9:21; 1 Corinthians 9:1, 6f, 12; James 2:4, and often; οὐκ οἴδατε κτλ.; and the like, see εἰδῶ, II. 1, p. 174{a}; ἀλλ' οὐ, Hebrews 3:16 (see ἀλλά, I. 10, p. 28{a}); οὐκ ἀποκρίνῃ οὐδέν; answerest thou nothing at all? Mark 14:60; Mark 15:4; — where an exclamation of reproach or wonder, which denies directly, may take the place of a negative question: Mark 4:13, 38; Luke 17:18; Acts 13:10 (cf. Buttmann, § 139, 65);
STRONGS NT 3756: οὐχ οὐχ, see οὐ.
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οὐ ,
before a vowel with smooth breathing οὐκ , before one with rough breathing οὐχ (but improperly οὐχ ἰδού , Acts 2:7, WH, mg.; cf. WH, Intr., § 409; M, Pr., 44, 244),
neg. particle, not, no, used generally c. indic. and for a denial of fact (cf. μή );
1. absol. (accented), οὔ , no: Matthew 13:29, John 1:21; John 21:5; οὒ οὔ , Matthew 5:37, James 5:12.
2. Most freq. negativing a verb or other word, Matthew 1:25; Matthew 10:26; Matthew 10:38 Mark 3:25; Mark 9:37, John 8:29, Acts 7:5, Romans 1:16, Philippians 3:3, al.; in litotes, οὐκ ὀλίγοι (i.e. very many), Acts 17:4, al.; οὐκ ἄσημος , Acts 21:39; πᾶς . . . οὐ , c. verb. (like Heb. H3808 . . . H3605), no, none, Matthew 24:22, Mark 13:20, Luke 1:37, Ephesians 5:5, al.; in disjunctive statements, οὐκ . . . ἀλλά , Luke 8:52, John 1:33, Romans 8:20, al.; c. 2 pers. fut. (like Heb. H3808, c. impf.), as emhatic prohibition, Matthew 4:7, Luke 4:12, Romans 7:7, al.
3. With another negative,
(a) strengthening the negation: Mark 5:37, John 8:15; John 12:19, Acts 8:39, al.;
(b) making an affirmative: Acts 4:20, 1 Corinthians 12:15.
4. With other particles: οὐο μή (see μή ); οὐ μηκέτι , Matthew 21:19; with μή interrog., Romans 10:18, 1 Corinthians 9:4-5; 1 Corinthians 11:22.
5. Interrogative, expecting an affirmative answer (Lat. nonne): Matthew 6:26, Mark 4:21, Luke 11:40, John 4:35, Romans 9:21, al.
οὐχ , see οὐ .
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
In its sole NT occurrence, Hebrews 6:6 (cf. Pss. Song of Solomon 2:14), this verb is used in the sense of ";expose to public ignominy."; Cf. Plut. Mor. 520 where Archilochus is described as rendering himself infamous—ἑαυτὸν παραδειγματίζοντος —by the character of the verses he writes : cf. the use of the simplex in Matthew 1:19, and see s.v. δειγματίζω.
We may cite one or two exx. of the subst. in the more ordinary sense of ";example"; : PSI IV. 422.38 (iii/B.C.) Ὧρός μω (= ο)ι τὸ παραδεῖγμα ἔδωκεν, P Fay 20.2 (Imperial edict—ii/A.D.) μοι παρέστη τὸ βούλευμα τοῦτο οὐδὲ ἀποδέοντι παραδειγμάτων, ";I have formed this intention, not wanting in precedents"; (Edd.), P Oxy II. 237viii. 8 (A.D. 186) παραδείγματι τῷ καλλίστῳ χρώμενος, ";following a most illustrious precedent,"; OGIS 508.8 (A.D. 162–3) ὡς μὴ ῥαιδίως ἀνάγεσθαί τινας τῶι παραδείγματι, and the epitaph to an athlete, Kaibel 940.4—
Τ ]οιάδε τις δείξας παραδε [ί ]γματα παισὶν ἑαυτοῦ
μᾶλλον ὀρέξασθαι τῆς ἀρετῆς προτρέπει.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
