the Week of Christ the King / Proper 29 / Ordinary 34
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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #4557 - σαρδόνυξ
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- a sardonyx, a precious stone marked by the red colours of the carnelian (sard) and the white of the onyx
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σαρδόνυξ,
ῠχος, ὁ, ( σάρδιον )
sardonyx, Philem. 216, Gal. 5.46, AP 1.116, J. AJ 3.7.5, BJ 5.5.7, Revelation 21:20, Ps.- Plu. Fluv. 20.4, etc. The stone was called ὄνυξ when the dark ground was simply spotted or streaked with white, but σαρδόνυξ if the different colours were disposed in layers.
σαρδιονυξ, equivalent to σαρδόνυξ (which see): Revelation 21:20 Lachmann
STRONGS NT 4557: σαρδόνυξ σαρδόνυξ (Lachmann σαρδιονυξ), σαρδονυχος, ὁ, (σάρδιον and ὄνυξ), sardonyx, a precious stone marked by the red colors of the carnelian (sard) and the white of the onyx (B. D. under the word; Riehm, HWB, under the word Edelsteine 12): Revelation 21:20. (Josephus, Plutarch, Ptolemy, others; (Genesis 2:12 Aq. (Montf.)).)
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* σαρδόνυξ
(L, σαρδιόνυξ ), -υχος , ὁ
(< σάρδιον , ὄνυξ ),
sardonyx, a stone marked by the red of the sard and the white of the onyx: Revelation 21:20.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
";Dung,"; the prevailing sense of this word, may be explained by a popular association with σκῶρ, with which it is impossible to connect it historically. That it was a vulgar coinage from ἐς κύνας βαλεῖν is likely enough (like σκορακίζω from ἐς κόρακας) : its original meaning thus would be ";refuse"; (RV marg.); but ";dung"; is probably what Paul meant in Philippians 3:8, the only occurrence of the word in the NT. This meaning is well illustrated by P Fay 119.7 (c. A.D. 100) where Gemellus informs his son that the donkey-driver has bought μικρὰν δύσμην καὶ χόρτον σαπρὸν καὶ ὥλον (l. ὅλον) λελυμένον ὡς σκύβαλον, ";a little bundle and rotten hay, the whole of it decayed—no better than dung"; (Edd.).
The word is found in the more general sense of ";leavings,"; ";gleanings,"; in P Ryl II. 149.22 (A.D. 39–40) κατενέμησαν ἀφ᾽ οὗ εἶχον λαχανοσπ (έρμου) σ ̣κ ̣υβάλου, ";grazed them on the gleanings of my vegetable-seed crop"; (Edd.), and PSI III. 184.7 (A.D. 292) ἐν σκυβάλοις χόρτου.
Σκύβαλος appears as a proper name in P Oxy I. 43 Versoiii. 25 (A.D. 295) δ (ιὰ) Σκυβάλου βαφέως : cf. also CPR I. 175.16 (time of Commodus).
To the exx. of the word in late writers given by Wetstein add Vett. Val. p. 3.11 σκυβάλων ἐκκρίσεως, and for the thought of Philippians 3:8 note Plautus Truc. ii. 7. 5 Amator qui bona sua pro stercore habet, cited by Kennedy EGT ad l.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
