Bible Lexicons

πρός is almost entirely confined in the NT to the acc. (679 times), as against 1 instance c. gen. (Acts 27:34) and 7 c. dat. (Mark 5:11, Luke 19:37, John 18:16; John 20:11-12 (bis), Revelation 1:13) : cf. Proleg. pp. 106, 63.

(1) With the gen. constr. in Ac l.c., which is literary, = ";on the side of,"; cf. P Flor III. 340.13 (iii/A.D.) ἐκ τοῦ πρὸς βορρᾶ μέρους τοῦ προκειμέν [ου ] τόπου.

(2) For the dat. constr. = ";close at,"; ";at,"; cf. P Petr II. 42 (b).5 (mid. iii/B.C.) (= Witkowski.2. p. 21) εἰμὶ γὰρ πρὸς τῶι ἀποδημεῖν, P Flor III. 382.77 (A.D. 222–3) πρὸς τῇ διαλογῇ αὐτοῦ, and ib. I. 5.6 (A.D. 244–5) εἶς μὲν πρὸς τῷ πυλῶνι.

The phrase οἱ πρός τινι, qui aliqua in re versantur, is seen in P Tebt I. 5.85 (B.C. 118) ἐ ]π ̣ι ̣̣ προσπείπτει τοὺς πρὸς ταῖς σιτολο (γίαις) καὶ ἀντιγρ (αφείαις) μι ̣ζοσι μέ [τ ]ροις [πα ]ρ ̣ὰ τὰ εὔσ <ταθμα > . . χα (λκᾶ, ";since it sometimes happens that the sitologi and antigrapheis use larger measures than the correct bronze measures"; ( Edd.), ib. 30.18 (B.C. 115) τῶν δὲ πρὸς ταῖς γραμματείαις ἀγνοούντων τὴν γεγονυῖαν περὶ ἐ [μο ]ῦ οἰκονομίαν, ";but the scribes being ignorant of this transaction affecting me"; (Edd.), BGU II. 455.2 (i/A.D.) πρὸς τῇ ἐπιμελείᾳ τῶν χρηματιστῶν, and ib. III. 915.9 (ii/A.D.) ὁ πρὸς ταῖς χρείαις.

(3) c. acc. (a) of motion towards—P Par 49.29 (B.C. 161–0) (= UPZ i. p. 309) παρακαλέσας αὐτὸν ἀπόστειλον πρὸς ἐμέ, BGU I. 246.15 (ii/iii A.D.) ἵνα ἀπενέκκω (l. ἀπενέγκω) αὐτὸν πρὸς Σεραπίωνα, P Oxy XIV. 1773.8 (iii/A.D.) οὐχ εὗρον πῶς ἔλθω πρὸς ὑμᾶς, P Grenf I. 61.8 (vi/A.D.) εὐχὰς καὶ δεήσι (= ει)ς ἀναπέμπω πρὸς τὸν Θεόν μου, and with reference to place PSI IV. 311.26 (iv/A.D.?) πρ ]ο ̣̣ς τὴν Λαυδίκιαν τῆς κοίλης Συρία [ς. Headlam (on Herodas VII. 123) holds that τὰ πρὸς τὴν θύραν in Mark 2:3 ";is surely idiomatic (not vulgar as Moulton thinks) ‘spots which commanded the door’"; : cf. Matthew 3:10, Luke 3:9. For πρός, ";with,"; as in John 1:1 f., Hebrews 4:13, cf. Epict. iv. 9. 13 πρὸς ὃν οὐδείς ἐστί σου πιθανώτερος (see Sharp Epict. p. 92). And for the possibility that the difficult πρός in Mark 6:3; Mark 9:19; Mark 14:49, John 1:1, 1 John 1:2, is to be explained as an Aramaism, see Rendel Harris Prologue to S. John’s Gospel p. 8 f., and Burney Aramaic Origin of the Fourth Gospel p. 28 f.

(b) of time = ";for"; (a time) and no longer—BGU I. 113.12 (A.D. 143) βουλόμενος παρεπιδημεῖν πρὸς καιρόν (cf. Luke 8:13), P Oxy I. 67.14 (A.D. 338) πρὸς ὀλίγον εἰσχύει, ";withstands but for a short time"; (cf. James 4:14), and P Flor III. 282.8 (A.D. 520) πρὸς ὅλον χρόνον.

(c) of mental direction, friendly or otherwise—P Hib I. 53.3 (B.C. 246) πειρῶ οὖν ἀσφαλῶς διεγγυᾶν ὡς πρὸς σὲ τοῦ λό [γ ]ου ἐσομένου, ";do you therefore endeavour to obtain good security, knowing that you will be held accountable"; (Edd.) (cf. Hebrews 4:13), P Par 46.13 (B.C. 152) (= UPZ i. P. 338) οὓς (sc. ὅρκους) συνθέμενοι πρὸς ἑαυτό (= ού)ς (cf. Luke 23:12), ib. 48.7 (B.C. 152) (= UPZ i. p. 340) περὶ το [ῦ ] ἀνθρώπου τοῦ πρὸς σὲ τὴν ἀηδείαν ποήσαντος (cf. 2 Corinthians 7:4), P Tebt I. 59.7 (B.C. 99) ἣν ἔχετε πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἄνωθεν πατρικὴν φιλίαν, ";the hereditary friendship which you have for me of old"; (Edd.), P Oxy XIV. 1680.15 (iii/iv A.D.) ὑπονοοῦμαι ὅτι πάντως πάλιν τί ποτε ἔχει πρὸς σέ, ";I suspect that he must have some further claim against you"; (Edd.), P Amh II. 145.9 (iv/v A.D.) τὸ γνωστὸν τῆς πρὸς ἀλ [λήλο ]υς συνηθείας, ";the knowledge of our intimacy with one another"; (cf. John 6:52), and from the inscrr. JHS xix. (1899) No. 302 (Christian) ὃς δὲ [ἂν κακὴν ] κεῖραν (l. χεῖρα) προσενένκῃ, ἔστε (= αι) αὐτῷ πρὸς θεόν.

(d) = ";with reference to,"; ";in view of";—P Hib I. 54.14 (c. B.C. 245) χρεία γάρ ἐστι ταῖς γυναιξὶν πρὸς τὴν θυσίαν, ";for he is wanted by the women for the sacrifice"; (Edd.). P Oxy I. 115.10 (letter of consolation—ii/A.D.) (= Selections, p. 96) ὅμως οὐδὲν δύναταί τις πρὸς τὰ τοιαῦτα, ";yet no one can do anything in the face of such things.";

(e) =";at the rate of";—P Oxy II. 237vi. 25 (A.D. 186) τὴν οὐσίαν ταύτην πρὸς ὅλα (τάλαντα) η ̄, ";this property for a total sum of 8 talents,"; ib. I. 114.4 (ii/iii A.D.) τὸν τόκον. . . πρὸς στατῆρα τῆς μνᾶς, ";interest, at the rate of a stater per mina.";

(f) =";according to";—P Amh II. 43.10 (B.C. 173) μ ̣ε ̣τ ̣ρ ̣ω ̣ι δικαίωι τῶι πρὸς τὸ βασιλικὸν χαλκοῦν, ";by just measure calculated by the royal bronze standard"; (Edd.) : cf. Luke 12:47, 1 Corinthians 12:7.

(g) with the articular inf. denoting purpose (as in Mark 13:22, 1 Thessalonians 2:9 : Lightfoot Notes, p. 131)—P Ryl II. 69.16 (B.C. 34) ἀποδοῦναι τὰς προκειμένας κνή (κου) (ἀρτάβας) ι ̄ε ̄, πρὸς τὸ μηθὲν τῶν ἐκφορίων διαπεσεῖν, ";to restore to us the aforesaid 15 artabae of cnecus, so that the rents suffer no loss"; (Edd.), BGU I. 226.22 (A.D. 99) ὅτ ̣αν ὁ κράτιστος ἡγεμὼν. . . τὸν τοῦ νομοῦ διαλογισμὸν ποιῆται πρὸς τὸ τυχῖν με τῆς ἀπὸ σοῦ βοηθείας, ";with a view to my obtaining your assistance,"; P Oxy II. 237vi. 35 (A.D. 186) ὅπως φροντίσῃς ἀκόλουθα πρᾶξαι τοῖς π [ε ]ρὶ το [ύ ]του πρότερον γραφεῖσι ὑπὸ Λογγαίου Ῥούφο [υ ] τοῦ διασημοτάτο [υ ] πρὸς τὸ μὴ π [ε ]ρὶ τῶν αὐτῶν πάλιν αὐτὸν ἐντυγχάνειν, ";see that the matter is decided in accordance with the previous instructions of his excellency Longaeus Rufus, in order that Chaeremon may not send any more petitions on the same subject"; (Edd.), ib. viii. 41 ἵνα ] δ᾽ [ο ]υ ̣͂̔ν β ̣[εβ ]α ̣ία τε καὶ εἰς ἅπαν διαμένῃ τῶν διαστρωμάτων ἡ χρῆσ íε ýις πρὸς τὸ μὴ πάλιν ἀπογραθῆς δεηθῆναι, παραγγέλλω. . . ";therefore in order that the use of the abstracts may become secure and permanent, and prevent the necessity of another registration, I command. . ."; (Edd.).

(h) as a periphrasis for the adverb (as in James 4:5 πρὸς φθόνον) cf. Jos. Antt. XII. 398 (x. 3) πρὸς ἡδονὴν ἑκάστῳ καὶ χάριν.

(i) =";in addition."; In P Oxy I. 68.24 (A.D. 131) ἀργυρίου ταλάντων ἓξ καὶ πρὸς ἐπὶ τῷ α ́ὐτὸν ἀποδο <ῦ > ναι τοῖς τοῦ Σαραπίωνος δανισταῖς τὰ ὑπὸ αὐτοῦ ὀφειλόμενα, the editors translate"; six talents of silver with the further stipulation that (Dionysius) should repay Sarapion’s creditors the debts owed to them,"; but suggest in their note that καὶ πρός might perhaps be connected with ἕξ, ";six talents and upwards.";

As in the case of all the prepositions, the monographs of Kuhring, Rossberg, and Regard (see Abbreviations I. General) should be consulted.

 

ποσα πόσα ποσαι πόσαι ποσας πόσας πόση ποσην πόσην Ποσοι Πόσοι ποσον πόσον Ποσος Πόσος Ποσους Πόσους ποσω πόσω πόσῳ ποσων πόσων posa pósa posai pósai posas pósas posen posēn pósen pósēn poso posō Posoi Pósoi pósōi poson posōn póson pósōn Posos Pósos Posous Pósous