the Third Week of Advent
Click here to join the effort!
Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #3987 - πειράω
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- to make a trial of, to attempt
- taught by trial, experienced
- to test, to make trial of one, put him to proof
- his mind, sentiments, temper
- in particular, to attempt to induce one to commit some (esp. carnal) crime
- tempted to sin
- Book
- Word
- Parsing
did not use
this Strong's Number
πειράω,
Il. 8.8, etc.: impf. ἐπείρων Th. 4.25: fut. - άσω [ᾱ] ib. 9, 43: aor. ἐπείρᾱσα S. OC 1276, Ar. Eq. 517, Th. 6.54: pf. πεπείρᾱκα Luc. Am. 26: — Pass., aor. ἐπειράθην [ᾱ] Th. 6.54; cf. πειράζω. more freq. in Med. πειράομαι, Il. 2.193, 24.390, etc.: fut. - άσομαι [ᾱ] S. OC 959, etc.; Dor. 2 pl. πειρασεῖσθε Ar. Ach. 743, cf. Hippod. ap. Stob. 4.1.94; later πειρᾱθήσομαι Gp. 12.13.12: aor. ἐπειρᾱσάμην, Ion. ἐπειρησάμην, Od. 8.120, Hdt. 7.135, Th. 2.44,al.; but aor. Pass. ἐπειρήθην, Att. ἐπειράθην [ᾱ], found in med. sense, Il. 19.384, al., Hdt. 3.152,al., Th. 2.5 (v.l.), 33, 6.92, and in later Prose: pf. πεπείρᾱμαι, Ion. - ημαι, Od. 3.23, Pi. Fr. 110, Hdt. 9.46, S. Fr. 584, Antipho 5.1, etc.: 3 pl. plpf. ἐπεπείραντο D.C. Fr. 24.3, Ion. ἐπεπειρέατο Hdt. 7.125. (From πεῖρα.) Act., attempt, endeavour, try, c. inf., μήτε τις.. πειράτω διακέρσαι ἐμὸν ἔπος Il. 8.8; πειρήσω (δύναμαι) φηλητέων ὄρχαμος εἶναι h.Merc. 175; π. ἐς τὴν Μηδικὴν ἐσβάλλειν Hdt. 6.84, cf. Ar. V. 1025, al.: folld. by ὡς.., Il. 4.66, Od. 2.316, etc.; by ὅπως.., 4.545: c. Adj. neut., πολλὰ πειρῶντες Th. 6.38; πάντα Plu. 2.1122b: with inf. understood, Th. 7.32. II c. gen. pers., make trial of one, μή μευ πειράτω, for the purpose of persuading, Il. 9.345, cf. 24.433; of things, τευχέων A.R. 3.1249: in hostile sense, make an attempt on, μήλων πειρήσοντα Il. 12.301, Od. 6.134; οὐ πειρᾶν τῆς πόλιος, πρὶν.. Hdt. 6.82; π. τοῦ χωρίου Th. 1.61; Νισαίας Id. 4.70; ἀλλήλων Id. 7.38; νυμφείας εὐνᾶς Pi. N. 5.30. III abs., ναυσὶ π. make an attempt by sea, Th. 4.25; π. ἐπὶ τὴν κώμην ib. 43. c. acc. rei, experience, τύχης ἐπήρειαν Luc. Am. 46.
2. c. acc. pers., make an attempt on a woman's honour, Ar. Eq. 517 (ubiv. Sch.), Pl. 150, 1067, Lys. 1.12, X. Cyr. 5.2.28, etc.: — Pass., πειραθεὶς ὁ Ἁρμόδιος ὑπὸ Ἱππάρχου Th. 6.54, cf. Pl. Phdr. 227c; v. infr. B. IV, cf. πεῖρα 11. more freq. in Med., c. inf., try to do, Il. 4.5, Hdt. 5.71, 6.138, al., Ar. Pl. 459, X. Oec. 6.2, Lys. 12.64, Isoc. 3.41, Pl. Tht. 186b: c. fut. inf., J. AJ 17.8.4: the inf. is sts. understood, πειρήσεται (sc. ἀλύξαι) Od. 4.417: folld. by εἰ, Il. 13.806, Pl. Phd. 95b; πειρήσεται αἴ κε θέῃσιν Il. 18.601; by ἐάν or ἄν, A. Pr. 327, Pl. Lg. 638e; by μὴ.., lest.., Od. 21.394; by ὅπως.., X. An. 3.2.3: c. part., freq. in Hdt., ἐπειρᾶτο ἐπιών 1.77; προσβαίνων ib. 84; π. βιώμενοι 4.139; π. ἀποσχίζων 6.9, cf. 5, 50, 7.139, al.; π. σκοπῶν Pl. Tht. 190e [*] c. neut. Adj., τὰ μεγάλα καὶ τὰ μικρὰ π. X. Cyr. 1.5.14.
II most freq. (V. A. 11) c. Genesis 1:1-31 c. gen. pers., make trial of one, Il. 10.444, Od. 13.336, etc.; νῦν σεῦ, ξεῖνε, ὀΐω πειρήσεσθαι, εἰ.. 19.215; ἕο αὐτοῦ ἐν ἔντεσι.. εἰ οἷ ἐφαρμόσσειε Il. 19.384; with gen. not expressed, ἔπεσιν πειρήσομαι 2.73; ἦ πρῶτ' ἐξερέοιτο ἕκαστά τε πειρήσαιτο test him in each particular, Od. 4.119 (v.l. μυθήσαιτο) ; π. θεοῦ make trial of, tempt a god, Hdt. 6.86. γ, cf. A. Ag. 1663 (troch.): in hostile sense, πρὶν πειρήσαιτ' Ἀχιλῆος Il. 21.580 (with acc. cogn. added ἀέθλους.. ἐπειρήσαντ' Ὀδυσῆος Od. 8.23): freq. in Hdt., esp. ἀλλήλων πειρᾶσθαι, as ἐπειρῶντο κατὰ τὸ ἰσχυρὸν ἀλλήλων 1.76; πειρᾶσθέ μου γυναικὸς ὡς ἀφράσμονος A. Ag. 1401, etc.; π. τῆς Πελοποννήσου make an attempt on it, Hdt. 8.100; π. τοῦ τείχους Th. 2.81.
2. c. gen. rei, make proof or trial of.., σθένεος Il. 15.359; ἥβης 23.432; χειρῶν καὶ σθένεος π., ἢ.. ἦ.. Od. 21.282; try one's chance at or in a work or contest, ἔργου 18.369; ἀέθλου, ἀέθλων, Il. 23.707, Od. 8.100, etc.; παλαιμοσύνης ib. 126; make proof of, try a weapon, τόξου 21.159, 180; νευρῆς ib. 410 (but [ ὀϊστοί,] τῶν τάχ' ἔμελλον πειρήσεσθαι arrows whose force they were soon to make trial of, i. e. feel, ib. 418); also, make proof of, have experience of, esp. in pf. Pass., first in Hes., νηῶν Op. 660; οὐ πεπειρημένοι πρότερον [οἱ] Αἰγύπτιοι Ἑλλήνων Hdt. 4.159, cf. Pl. Phd. 118; πειρασάμενος ἀγαθῶν, δουλείας, Th. 2.44, 5.69, cf. Antipho 5.1; κακῶν D. 18.253; ὀρφανίας π., i.e. to be an orphan, Phalar. 49; but π. τινὸς μετρίου find him moderate by experience or on trial, Plu. Aem. 8, cf. Arat. 43; also, πεπείρανται ὅτι.. Lys. 27.2.
3. abs., try one's fortune, try the chances of war, αἴ κε θεὸς πειρώμενος ἐνθάδ' ἵκηται Il. 5.129; πειρώμενος ἢ ἐν ἀέθλῳ ἠὲ καὶ ἐν πολέμῳ making trial of one's powers, 16.590; Ἕκτορι πειρηθῆναι ἀντιβίην, ἢ.. ἦ.. to try one's fortune against him, 21.225; περὶ δ' αὐτῆς πειρηθήτω (sc. τῆς ἵππου) let him try for her, as a prize, 23.553.
III make a trial or put a matter to the test, ἐν σοὶ πειρώμεθα Pl. Phlb. 21a: c. dat. modi, ἐγχείῃ πειρήσομαι Il. 5.279; ἐπειρήσαντο πόδεσσι tried their luck in the foot-race, Od. 8.120, cf. 205; σφαίρῃ 8.377; also π. σὺν ἔντεσι, σὺν τεύχεσι π., Il. 5.220, 11.386: but in pf., οὐδέ τί πω μύθοισι πεπείρημαι I have not tried myself, have not found my skill, in words, Od. 3.23: abs., ὁ πειραθεὶς πιστεύσει X. Eq.Mag. 1.16; πεπειραμένος σαφῶς οἶδα by experience, Id. Hier. 2.6. c. acc. pers., make an attempt on (V.A.IV. 2), Διὸς ἄκοιτιν Pi. P. 2.34.
πειράω: imperfect middle 3 person (singular and plural), ἐπειρᾶτο, ἐπειρῶντο; perfect passive participle πεπειραμενος (see below); common in Greek writings from Homer down; to try; i. e.:
1. to make a trial, to attempt (A. V. to assay), followed by an infinitive; often so from Homer down; also so in the middle in Acts 9:26 R G;
2. In post-Homer usage with the accusative of a person to test, make trial of one, put him to the proof: his mind, sentiments, temper, Plutarch, Brut. 10; in particular, to attempt to induce one to commit some (especially a carnal) crime; cf. Passow, under the word, 3{a}; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, A. IV. 2). Hence, πεπειραμενος in Hebrews 4:15 (see 1 above) is explained by some (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 15. Note at the end) tempted to sin; but the passive in this sense is not found in Greek writings; see Delitzsch at the passage.
Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2006, 2011 by Biblesoft, Inc.
All rights rserved. Used by permission. BibleSoft.com
πειράω ,
more commonly as depon., πειράομαι ,
[in LXX for H5254;]
to try, attempt: Acts 26:21.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
With the pass, ";am embittered"; in Colossians 3:19, cf. the compd. in P Lille I. 7i. 9 (iii/B.C.) προσπικρανθείς μοι.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
