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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #3581 - ξένος
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- a foreigner, a stranger
- alien (from a person or a thing)
- without the knowledge of, without a share in
- new, unheard of
- one who receives and entertains another hospitably
- with whom he stays or lodges, a host
- Book
- Word
- Parsing
ξένος, ὁ,
and Ion. ξεῖνος (also freq. in Pi., N. 7.61, al., used by Trag. metri gr. even in trim., mostly in voc., S. OC 33, al., E. IT 798 codd., El. 247), Aeol. ξέννος Hdn.Gr. 2.302; scanned and written ξεῖνος in Theoc. 28.6, 30.17: Aeol. Sup. ξεννότατος Sch. Tz. in An. Ox. 3.356.18 (sed v. fin.).
I
1. guest-friend, applied to persons and states bound by a treaty or tie of hospitality, Od. 1.313, etc.; ξεῖνοι δὲ.. εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος 15.196; ξ. πατρώϊός ἐσσι παλαιός Il. 6.215; ξ. δ' ἀλλήλων πατρώϊοι εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι Od. 1.187; φησὶ δ' Ὀδυσσῆος ξεῖνος πατρώϊος εἶναι 17.522; later freq. coupled with φίλος, Πλούταρχος ὁ τούτου ξένος καὶ φίλος D. 21.110, cf. 18.46, X. An. 2.1.5, Lys. 19.19; βασιλέως πατρικὸς ξ. Pl. Men. 78d.
2. of parties giving or receiving hospitality, Od. 8.145, etc.; mostly of the guest, opp. the host, ξεινοδόκοι καὶ ξεῖνος ib. 543, etc.; ἁ ξείνα the visitor, Theoc. 2.154; of guests at a club, opp. σύνδειπνοι, PTeb. 118.4 (ii B. C.): less freq. of the host, Il. 15.532, A.R. 1.208, Romans 16:23, etc.: c. dat., ξεῖνός τινι Hdt. 1.20, 22, cf. Th. 2.13, X. An. 1.1.10, etc.; also ξ. τινός ib. 2.4.15.
II stranger, esp. wanderer, refugee (under the protection of Ζεὺς ξένιος), sts. coupled with ἱκέτης, Ζεὺς ἐπιτιμήτωρ ἱκετάων τε ξείνων τε ξείνιος Od. 9.270, cf. 8.546; with πτωχός, πρὸς γὰρ Διός εἰσιν ἅπαντες ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε 6.208.
III
1. generally, stranger, foreigner, opp. ἔνδημος, Hes. Op. 225; opp. ἀστός, Pi. O. 7.90, S. OC 13, And. 4.10, etc.; πολιατᾶν καὶ ξ. Pi. I. 1.51, cf. A. Th. 924 (lyr.), Pl. Grg. 473d, etc.; opp. ἐπιχώριος, Id. Men. 94d: coupled with μέτοικος, Th. 4.90, cf. IG 12.39.53; with ἔπηλυς, Luc. Herm. 24; opp. a member of the family, PMasp. 169.10 (vi A. D.), etc. as a term of address to any stranger, ὦ ξένε E. Ion 247, Mosch. 1.5, etc.; ὦ ξένη Pl. Smp. 204c.
2. = βάρβαρος, at Sparta, Hdt. 9.11, 55. hireling, Od. 14.102; esp. mercenary soldier, IG 12.949.89, X. An. 1.1.10, D. 18.152, etc.; ξ. ναυβάται Th. 1.121:
I rarely simply, ally, X. Lac. 12.3. as Adj. ξένος, η, ον (also ος, ον E. Supp. 94), Ion. ξεῖνος, η, ον, foreign, not in Hom. (in the phrases ξεῖνε πάτερ Od. 7.28, ἄνθρωποι ξεῖνοι Il. 24.202, both words are Subst.); freq. in later writers, ξείνα γαῖα Pi. P. 4.118 codd.; ξένης ἐπὶ χθονός S. OC 1256; γᾶς ἐπὶ ξένας ib. 1705 (lyr., cf. ξένη); ἐν ξένῃσι χερσί by foreign hands, Id. El. 1141; ξ. δόμοι, πόλις, etc., E. Ph. 339 (lyr.), 369, etc.; of alien property, ξ. ἄρουραι PMasp. 295.22 (vi A.D.).
II c. gen. rei, strange to a thing, unacquainted with, ignorant of it, ξ. τοῦ λόγου S. OT 219, cf. Revelation 4:3 a.37 (Agath.); ξ. τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας Ephesians 2:12, cf. BGU 405.12 (iv A. D.). Adv. ξένως, ἔχω τῆς ἐνθάδε λέξεως I am a stranger to the mode of speech, Pl. Revelation 17:1-18 d; ἔχειν τῆς διαλέκτου Them. Or. 21.253c.
III
1. strange, unusual, λόγοι A. Pr. 688 (lyr.); τιμωρίαι Ti.Locr. 104d; ποιεῖν ξένην τὴν διάλεκτον Arist. Rh. 1404b11, cf. 1415a7; οὐδὲν ξ. ἐν τῷ παντὶ ἀποτελεῖται Epicur. Fr. 266; τοῖς νέοις ποιεῖν ξένα τὰ φαῦλα Arist. Pol. 1336b34; ξένα ταῖς ὄψεσι D.S. 3.15; ὡς ξένου συμβαίνοντος 1 Peter 4:12; διδαχαὶ ποικίλαι καὶ ξ. Hebrews 13:9; ξ. δαιμόνια Acts 17:18 : Sup., πράξεων ὡς -οτάτων Phld. Herc. 1251.5; ξ. αὐτῷ δοκεῖ τὸ πρᾶγμα Luc. Cont. 13, etc. Adv. ξένως, λαλεῖν Phld. P 0.5.12.
2. τοῦ πνεύματος.. ῥύσις ὡς -ωτάτη air as fresh as possible, Hp. Nat.Hom. 9. (From ξένϝος, cf. πρόξενϝος IG 9(1).867, Ξενϝάρης ib.869, Ξενϝοκλῆς, Ξένϝων, ib.4.315,348: hence it is improb. that the Aeol. form was ξέννος.)
ξένος, ξένῃ, ξένον, from Homer down, masculine a guest-friend (Latinhopes (of parties bound by ties of hospitality)), i. e.:
1. a foreigner, stranger (opposed to ἐπιχώριος, Plato, Phaedo c. 2, p. 59 b.; Josephus, b. j. 5, 1, 3);
a. properly: Matthew 25:35, 38, 43; Matthew 27:7; 3 John 1:5; ξένοι καί παρεπίδημοί ἐπί τῆς γῆς, Hebrews 11:13; οἱ ἐπιδημοῦντες ξένοι, Acts 17:21; opposed to συμπολίτης, Ephesians 2:19; (the Sept. for אֹרֵחַ, a traveler, 2 Samuel 12:4, Alex. manuscript; for נֵר, Job 31:32; several times for נָכְרִי). (as adjective with) δαιμόνια, Acts 17:18.
b. tropically, α. alien (from a person or thing); without knowledge of, without a share in: with a genitive of the thing, τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας, Ephesians 2:12 (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 30, 4, 6) (τοῦ λόγου, Sophocles O. T. 219). β. new, unheard of: διδαχαι, Hebrews 13:9; ξένον τί a strange, wonderful thing, 1 Peter 4:12 (Aeschylus Prom. 688; Diodorus 3, 15 and 52; others).
2. one echo receives and entertains another hospitably; with whom he stays or lodges, a host: ὁ ξένος μου, Romans 16:23, where καί τῆς ἐκκλησίας ὅλης is added, i. e. either 'who receives hospitably all the members of the church who cross his threshold,' or 'who kindly permits the church to worship in his house' (Fritzsche).
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ξένος , -η , -ον ,
[in LXX chiefly for H5237;]
(a) foreign, alien: δαιμόνια , Acts 17:18; διδαχαί Hebrews 13:9;
(b) c. gen. rei, strange to, estranged from, ignorant of: Ephesians 2:12;
(c) strange, unusual: 1 Peter 4:12.
As subst., ὁ ξ .,
(a) a foreigner, stranger: Matthew 25:35; Matthew 25:38; Matthew 25:43-44; Matthew 27:7, Acts 17:21, 3 John 1:5; ξέίνοι κ . τάροικοι (opp. to συμπολῖται , οίκεῖοι ), Ephesians 2:19; ξ . καὶ παρεπίδημοι , Hebrews 11:13;
(b) one of the parties bound by ties of hospitality;
(α ) the guest;
(β ) the host (= ξενοδόκος , Hom., Ii, xv, 532) : Romans 16:23.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
This NT ἅπ. εἰρ. (Luke 1:25) may be illustrated from Joseph. c. Apion. i. 285, where it is associated with βλάβη. Cf. also Test. xii. patr. Reub. vi. 3 εἰς ὄλεθρον βελίαρ καὶ ὄνειδος αἰώνιον.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
