the Week of Proper 25 / Ordinary 30
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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2904 - κράτος
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- force, strength
- power, might: mighty with great power
- a mighty deed, a work of power
- dominion
- Book
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this Strong's Number
κράτος [ᾰ],
Ion. and κάρτος, εος, τό, both in Hom.; Aeol. κρέτος Alc. 25: —
I
1. strength, might, in Hom. esp. of bodily strength, ἔπεφνε δόλῳ, οὔ τι κράτεΐ γε Il. 7.142; ἔχει ἥβης ἄνθος, ὅ τε κ. ἐστὶ μέγιστον 13.484, etc.; τὸ γὰρ αὖτε σιδήρου γε κ. ἐστίν this (i.e. τὸ βάψαι) is what gives strength to iron, Od. 9.393: generally, δικαία γλῶσσ' ἔχει κ. μέγα S. Fr. 80; μηχανῆς ἔστω κ. A. Supp. 207; κατὰ κράτος with all one's might or strength, πολιορκεῖσθαι Th. 1.64; πολεμεῖν Pl. Lg. 692d; ἐξελέγχεσθαι D. 34.20, etc.: freq. in phrase αἱρεῖν κατὰ κ. take by storm, Th. 8.100, Isoc. 4.119, etc.; also ἀνὰ κράτος διώκειν X. Cyr. 1.4.23; ἐλαύνειν Id. An. 1.8.1, etc.; ἀπὸ κράτους D.S. 17.34; πρὸς ἰσχύος κράτος, opp. λόγῳ, S. Ph. 594.
2. personified, K. Βία τε A. Proverbs 12:1-28; K. καὶ Δίκη Id. Ch. 244.
II
1. power, τοῦ γὰρ κ. ἐστὶ μέγιστον, of Zeus, Il. 2.118, etc.; τοῦ γὰρ κ. ἔστ' ἐνὶ οἴκῳ Od. 1.359, cf. Il. 12.214; Ζηνὸς κ. Pi. O. 6.96, cf. A. Pr. 527 (lyr.); ἐκπίπτειν κράτους, of Zeus, ib. 948; τὸ κ. τοῦ θεοῦ LXX Psalms 62:11(61).11, etc.: pl., ὑποχείριος κράτεσιν ἀρσένων A. Supp. 393 (lyr.), cf. S. Ant. 485; esp. of political power, rule, sovereignty, ὁ μαιόμενος τὸ μέγα κρέτος ὀντρέψει τάχα τὰν πόλιν Alc. l.c.; τὸ κ. περιθεῖναί τινι Hdt. 1.129; ἐς τὸ πλῆθος φέρειν τὸ κ. Id. 3.81; τὸ πᾶν κ. ἔχειν to be all- powerful, Id. 7.3; ἀρχὴ καὶ κ. τυραννικόν S. OC 373; βασιλεὺς πρῶτος ἐν κράτει Ὀδρυσῶν ἐγένετο in real power, Th. 2.29; later τὸ κ. τῶν Ῥωμαίων POxy. 41i2 (iii/iv A. D.): in pl., κράτη καὶ θρόνους S. Ant. 173, cf. OT 586, etc.; θρόνων κράτη sovereign power, Id. Ant. 166.
2. c. gen., power over, τὸ Περσέων κ. ἔχοντα Hdt. 3.69; τὸ κ. εἶχε τῆς στρατιῆς Id. 9.42; πᾶν κ. ἔχων χθονός A. Supp. 425 (lyr.); τῶν ἄλλων δαιμόνων E. Tr. 949; δὸς κ. τῶν σῶν δόμων A. Ch. 480; δωμάτων ἔχειν κ. Ar. Th. 871; τὸ τῆς θαλάσσης κ. Th. 1.143; μετὰ κράτους τῆς γῆς Id. 8.24; ὧν ἂν ᾖ τὸ κ. τῆς γῆς whoever have possession of the land, Id. 4.98; κ. ἔχειν ἑαυτοῦ Pl. Plt. 273a: pl., ἀστραπᾶν κράτη νέμων S. OT 201 (lyr.).
3. of persons, a power, an authority, Ἀχαιῶν δίθρονον κ. A. Ag. 109 (lyr.), cf. 619, Th. 127 (lyr.).
III
1. mastery, victory, freq. in Hom., Il. 1.509, 6.387, Od. 21.280; κ. ἄρνυσθαι S. Ph. 838 (lyr.); νίκη καὶ κράτη A. Supp. 951; ἀέθλων κ. victory in.., Pi. I. 8(7).4; νίκη καὶ κ. τῶν δρωμένων S. El. 85; κ. ἀριστείας the meed of highest valour, Id. Aj. 443; ϝίκη καὶ κ. πολεμίων Pl. Lg. 962a; κ. πολέμου καὶ νίκη D. 19.130. Medic., in pl., ligaments, Hp. Mul. 2.167.
2. = ταρσός, back of the hand, Poll. 2.144. Pythag. name for ten, Theol.Ar. 59. — This word and its derivs. take two forms, κρατ - and καρτ -; the latter is mostly , as κάρτος, κάρτιστος, καρτύνω, but in κρατερός and καρτερός the reverse holds, v. κρατερός fin.; κρατέω, κρατύς have no form καρτ-. (κρατ - and καρτ - from kṛt -, weak form of κρετ -, cf. κρέτος, κρέσσων.)
κράτος, κρατεος (κράτους) (from a root meaning 'to perfect, complete' (Curtius, § 72); from Homer down), τό, Hebrew עֹז;
1. force, strength.
2. power, might: τό κράτος τῆς ἰσχύος αὐτοῦ, the might of his strength, Ephesians 1:19; Ephesians 6:10; τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ, Colossians 1:11; κατά κράτος, mightily, with great power, ηὔξανε, Acts 19:20; metonymy, a mighty deed, a work of power: ποιεῖν κράτος (cf. ποιεῖν δυνάμεις), Luke 1:51.
3. dominion: in the doxologies, 1 Timothy 6:16; 1 Peter 4:11; 1 Peter 5:11; Jude 1:25; Revelation 1:6; Revelation 5:13; τίνος (the genitive of object), Hebrews 2:14 (τό Περσεων κράτος ἔχοντα, Herodotus 3, 69). (Synonym: see δύναμις, at the end.)
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κράτος , -εος (-ους ), τό ,
[in LXX chiefly for H5797, Job 12:16, Psalms 90:11 al.;]
1. strength, esp. as in Hom., of bodily strength.
2. power, might: Hebrews 2:14; τὸ κ . τῆς ἰσχύος αὐτοῦ , Ephesians 1:19; Ephesians 6:10 (Isaiah 40:26, Da TH Daniel 4:27); τ . δόςης αὐτοῦ , Colossians 1:11; κατὰ κράτος , mightily, Acts 19:20; a mighty deed, an act of power, Luke 1:51; in doxologies, 1 Timothy 6:16, 1 Peter 4:11; 1 Peter 5:11, Judges 1:25, Revelation 1:6; Revelation 5:13.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
An interesting ex. of this word is found in P Leid G.14 (B.C. 181–145) (= I. P. 42), a petition to Ptolemy Philometer and Berenice, in which the petitioner states that he is offering prayers and sacrifices to the gods, in order that they may give the Sovereigns—ὑγίειαν, [ν ]ίκην, κράτος, σθένος, κυριείαν τῶν [ὑ ]πὸ τὸν οὐρανὸν χώρω [ν : cf. the invocation to Isis, ib. Uii. 17 (2nd half ii/B.C.) ἐλθέ μοι θεὰ θεῶν, κράτος ἔχουσα μέγιστον. From the time of Augustus comes a dedication—εἰς κράτος Ῥώμης καὶ διαμονὴν μυστηρίων (Syll 757.5), with which may be compared the acclamation at a popular demonstration at Oxyrhynchus on the occasion of a visit from the Prefect, P Oxy I. 41i. 2 (iii/iv A.D.) εἰς [ἐ ]ῶνα τὸ κράτος τ ̣[ῶ ]ν ̣ [Ῥ ]ωμαίων, ";the Roman power for ever !"; (Edd.). This and similar usages find a parallel in the language of Christian worship, as in the prayer P Oxy III. 407.6 (iii/iv A.D.) which is offered—διὰ. . . Ἰησοῦ Χρειστοῦ, δι᾽ οὗ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰωνῶ [ν : cf. especially the doxology in 1 Peter 4:11. See also the magic PSI I. 29.21 (iv/A.D. ?) τὸ κράτος τοῦ Ἀδωναῖ καὶ τὸν στέφανον τοῦ Ἀδωναῖ δότε, and the late BGU I. 314.13 (A.D. 630) ἔργῳ δυνάμει κράτ (ει) (cf. Archiv iv. p. 214). For the phrase κατὰ κράτος, as in Acts 19:20, cf. P Tebt I. 27.83 (B.C. 113) ἡ δ᾽ εἴσπραξις τῶν προεθησομένων παρὰ σοῦ κατὰ κράτος ἔσται, ";any losses will be rigorously exacted from you"; (Edd.). In MGr κράτο (ς) is used = ";kingdom, kingdom of Greece.";
The late form κράτησις = ";dominion,"; as in Wisdom of Solomon 6:3, is found in P Fay 89.2 (A.D. 9) ἔτους ὀγδόου καὶ τριακοστοῦ τῆς Καίσαρος κρατήσεως θεοῦ υἱοῦ, ";the 38th year of the dominion of Caesar, son of the god"; : see also Hermes xxx. (1895), P. 151 ff. For the meaning ";possession,"; see P Tor I. 1iii. 32 (B.C. 116) τῆς κρατήσεως τῆς οἰκίας, ib. v. 36 μηδεμίας κρατήσεως μηδὲ κυριείας τινος ἑγγαίου περιγενομένης αὐτῶι, where the editor (p. 117) distinguishes κράτησις, ";possessio facti,"; from κυριεία, ";dominium, ius, quod a possessione disiunctum esse potest"; : cf. P Tebt II. 294.19 (A.D. 146) μενεῖν (l. μενεῖ) δέ μοι καὶ ἐγγόνοις καὶ τοῖς παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ μεταλημψομένοις ἡ τούτων κυρεί [α ] καὶ κράτηα [ις ἐπὶ τ ]ὸν ἀε ̣ι ̣, χρόνο [ν, ";and I and my descendants and assigns shall have the permanent ownership and possession of the office for ever"; (Edd.).
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