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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2783 - κῆρυξ
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- a herald or messenger vested with public authority, who conveyed the official messages of kings, magistrates, princes, military commanders, or who gave a public summons or demand, and performed various other duties. In the NT God's ambassador, and the herald or proclaimer of the divine word.
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κῆρυξ, ῡκος, ὁ,
Aeol. κᾶρυξ [ᾱ] Sapph. Supp. 20a. 2, Pi. N. 8.1: —
I
1. but κήρῡκος, ου, ὁ, EM 775.26: (κηρύσσω): — herald, pursuivant: generally, public messenger, envoy, κ. λιγύφθογγοι Il. 2.50, al.; κηρύκων, οἳ δημιοεργοὶ ἔασιν Od. 19.135; κ. Διῒφίλοι Il. 8.517; κ., Διὸς ἄγγελοι ἠδὲ καὶ ἀνδρῶν 1.334; θεῶν κ., of Hermes, Hes. Op. 80, cf. Th. 939, A. Ag. 515, Ch. 124: distd. from πρέσβεις, as being messengers between nations at war, Sch. Th. 1.29, cf. A. Supp. 727, Pl. Lg. 941a, D. 12.4: used interchangeably with ἀπόστολος, Hdt. 1.21: as pr.n.of a family at Athens, Th. 8.53, And. 1.116, Paus. 1.38.3, Poll. 8.103; functioning as μάγειροι at festivals, Clidem. 3, 17; Κηρυκίδαι Phot. as fem., Pi. N. 8.1, Nonn. D. 4.11.
2. crier, who made proclamation and kept order in assemblies, etc., Ar. Ach. 42 sq.; ὁ κ. ἀνεῖπεν And. 1.36, etc.; ὁ τῶν μυστῶν κ., at Eleusis, X. HG 2.4.20, cf. SIG 845 (Eleusis, iii A.D.), Philostr. VS 2.33.4.
3. auctioneer, ὑπὸ κήρυκος πωλεῖν Thphr. Fr. 97; ἀπέδοτο πάντα τὰ ἔργα ὑπὸ κήρυκα IPE 12.32 B 35 (Olbia, iii B.C.), cf. PHib. 1.29.21 (iii B.C.); ἀποδίδοσθαι ὑπὸ κήρυκι Ammon. Diff. p.81 V. (v.l. ὑπὸ κήρυκα Ptol.Asc. p.399 H.).
4. generally, messenger, herald, θεοὶ κήρυκες ἀγγέλλουσι S. OC 1511, cf. E. El. 347; of the cock, Ar. Ec. 30; of writing, Id. Th. 780 (anap.); κ. καὶ τάφος εἰμὶ βροτοῦ IG 14.1618; of Homer, ἡρώων κάρυκ' ἀρετᾶς ib.1188: metaph., κ. καὶ ἀπόστολος 1 Timothy 2:7, al.
II trumpet-shell, e.g. Triton nodiferum, and smaller species, Arist. HA 528a10, al., Hp. Vict. 2.48, Diocl.Fr. 133, Macho ap. Ath. 8.349c, Gal. 4.670, Alciphr. 1.7, Alex. Trall. 3.7. [ ῡ exc. acc. pl. κήρῠκας Antim. 19 (s.v.l.), cf. κηρῠκιον AP 11.124 (Nicarch.): but accented κῆρυξ, Hdn.Gr. 1.44, etc.] (Cf. Skt. kârús 'poet', kîrtis 'fame'.)
κῆρυξ, less correctly (yet so L WH) κῆρυξ (on the accent see Winers Grammar, § 6, 1 c.; (Buttmann, 13 (12)); Lipsius, Gramm. Untersuch., p. 36; (Chandler § 622; Göttling, p. 254f; Lob. Paralip., p. 411; W. Dindorf in Stephanus Thesaurus, under the word; Tdf. Proleg., p. 101)), κήρυκος, ὁ (akin to γῆρυς a voice, a sound, γηρύω to utter a sound, to speak; (yet cf. Vanicek, p. 140)); common in Greek writings from Homer down; a herald, a messenger vested with public authority, who conveyed the official messages of kings, magistrates, princes, military commanders, or who gave a public summons or demand, and performed various other duties. In the O. T., Genesis 41:43; Daniel 3:4; Sir. 20:15. In the N. T. God's ambassador, and the herald or proclaimer of the divine word: δικαιοσύνης, one who summoned to righteousness, of Noah, 2 Peter 2:5; used of the apostles, as the divine messengers of the salvation procured by Christ and to be embraced through him, 1 Timothy 2:7; 2 Timothy 1:11.
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κῆρυξ
(κήρ -, T), -υκος , ὁ ,
[in LXX: Da LXX TH Daniel 3:4 (H3744), Genesis 41:43, Sirach 20:15, 4 Maccabees 6:4 *;]
a herald: 1 Timothy 2:7, 2 Timothy 1:11, 2 Peter 2:5.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
κῆρυξ is common as the designation of a subordinate official in connexion with public and other gatherings, as when at the games at Oxyrhynchus, P Oxy III. 519.15 (ii/A.D.), eight drachmae were paid κήρυκι : cf. ib. VII. 1050.6 (ii/iii A.D.). In P Hib I. 29.21 (c. B.C. 265), the farming of a tax upon slaves, we read—κήρυκας δὲ καὶ ὑπη [ρ ]έτα [ς ] καθίστω ὁ τε [λώ ]ν ̣η ̣̓, and in BGU III. 992ii. 4 (ii/B.C.) διὰ κήρυκος Ἀρχελάου τῶ [ν σ ]τρατοκηρύκων, the reference is again apparently financial. In Syll 226.132 (Olbia—iii/B.C.) ἀπεδότω πάντα τὰ ἔργα ὑπὸ κήρυκα, the word points to a public sale. Cf. also OGIS 505I (A.D. 156) ἡ ἐξ Ἀρείου πάγου βουλὴ καὶ ὁ κῆρυξ αὐτῆς καὶ ἀγωνοθέτης τῶν τῆς Σεβαστῆς ἀγώνων. . . δήμωι χαίρειν, and for the κῆρυξ in connexion with the mystery cult associations see Poland Vereinswesen, p. 395. Amongst the seats set apart for the priests in the temple of Dionysus at Athens we hear of seats Στρατηγοῦ —Κήρυκος —Ἱερομνήμονος κτλ. (Michel 860.9 ff.—ii/B.C. –ii/A.D.). The dedicatory inscr. of a certain choragus Eutyches, Kaibel *603.1 (ii/iii A.D.), begins—κῆρυξ καὶ τάφος εἰμὶ βροτοῦ πάρος ἀρχεχόροιο Εὐτύχους, and ib. 772.1 is a dedication—κήρυκι ἀθανάτων Ἑρμῆι. In an Eleusinian inscr., Syll 382.1 (mid. iii/A.D.), Nicagoras is described as—ὁ τῶν ἱερῶν κῆρυξ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς καθέδρας σοφιστής : Dittenberger cites Philostratus Vit. Soph. II. 33, 4 p. 628—καὶ περὶ Νικαγόρου τοῦ Ἀθηναίου, ὃς καὶ τοῦ Ἐλευσινίου ἱεροῦ κῆρυξ ἐστέφθη. These last exx. prepare us for the ";strange dignity and world-wide importance"; which, as Hicks has pointed out (CR i. p. 44), the Gospel gave to the old title and office : cf. 1 Timothy 2:7, 2 Timothy 1:11, 2 Peter 2:5, and Dibelius’ note in HZNT ad 1 Tim l.c.
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
