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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary
Strong's #2532 - καί
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καί,
Conj.,
I
1. copulative, joining words and sentences, and; also Adv., even, also, just, freq. expressing emphatic assertion or assent, corresponding as positive to the negative οὐ (μή) or οὐδέ (μηδέ). copulative, and, I joining words or sentences to those preceding, ἦ, καὶ κυανέῃσιν ἐπ' ὀφρύσινεῦσε Κρονίων Il. 1.528, etc.: repeated with two or more Nouns, αἱ δὲ ἔλαφοι κ. δορκάδες κ. οἱ ἄγριοι οἶες κ. οἱ ὄνοι οἱ ἄγριοι X. Cyr. 1.4.7; joining only the last pair, Cleom. 2.1 (p.168.5 Z.), Phlp. in APr. 239.30, etc., v. l. in Arist. Po. 1451a20; ὁ ὄχλος πλείων κ. πλείων ἐπέρρει more and more, X. Cyr. 7.5.39; to add epithets after πολύς, πολλὰ κ. ἐσθλά Il. 9.330; πολλὰ κ. μεγάλα D. 28.1, etc.
2. to addalimiting or defining expression, πρὸς μακρὸν ὄρος κ. Κύνθιον ὄχθον to the mountain and specially to.., h. Revelation 17:1-18, cf. A. Ag. 63 (anap.), S. Tr. 1277 (anap.) (sts. in reverse order, πρὸς δῶμα Διὸς κ. μακρὸν Ὄλυμπον Il. 5.398); to add by way of climax, θεῶν.. κ. Ποσειδῶνος all the gods, and above all.., A. Pers. 750, etc.; ἐχθροὶ κ. ἔχθιστοι Th. 7.68; τινὲς κ. συχνοί Pl. Grg. 455c; freq. ἄλλοι τε καί.., ἄλλως τε καί.., v. ἄλλος 11.6, ἄλλως 1.3; ὀλίγου τινὸς ἄξια κ. οὐδενός little or nothing, Id. Ap. 23a: joined with the demonstr. Pron. οὗτος (q. v.), εἶναι.. δούλοισι, κ. τούτοισι ὡς δρηπέτῃσι Hdt. 6.11, cf. 1.147; κ. ταῦτα and this too.., γελᾶν ἀναπείθειν, κ. ταῦθ' οὕτω πολέμιον ὄντα τῷ γέλωτι X. Cyr. 2.2.16, etc.
II at the beginning of a sentence,
1 in appeals or requests, καί μοι δὸς τὴν Χεῖρα Il. 23.75; καί μοι λέγε.., καί μοι ἀπόκριναι.., Pl. Euthphr. 3a, Grg. 462b; freq. in Oratt., καί μοι λέγε.. τὸ ψήφισμα, καί μοι ἀνάγνωθι.., D. 18.105, Lys. 14.8, etc.
2. in questions, to introduce an objection or express surprise, κ. τίς τόδ' ἐξίκοιτ' ἂν ἀγγέλων τάχος; A. Ag. 280; κ. πῶς..; pray how..? E. Ph. 1348; κ. δὴ τί..; but then what..? Id. Hel. 101; κ. ποῖον..; S. Aj. 462; κ. τίς εἶδε πώποτε βοῦς κριβανίτας; Ar. Ach. 86; κἄπειτ' ἔκανες; E. Med. 1398 (anap.); κ. τίς πώποτε Χαριζόμενος ἑτέρῳ τοῦτο εἰργάσατο; Antipho 5.57, cf. Isaiah 1:20, Isoc. 12.23, Pl. Tht. 163d,al.
3. = καίτοι, and yet, Ar. Eq. 1245, E. HF 509.
4. at the beginning of a speech, Lys. Fr. 36a.
III
1. after words implying sameness or like ness, as, γνώμῃσι ἐχρέωντο ὁμοίῃσι κ. σύ they had the same opinion as you, Hdt. 7.50, cf. 84; ἴσον or ἴσα κ..., S. OT 611, E. El. 994; ἐν ἴσῳ (sc. ἐστὶ) κ. εἰ.. Th. 2.60, etc.
2. after words implying comparison or opposition, αἱ δαπάναι οὐχ ὁμοίως κ. πρίν Id. 7.28; πᾶν τοὐναντίον ἔχει νῦν τε κ. ὅτε.. Pl. Lg. 967a.
3. to express simultaneity, ἦν ἦμαρ δεύτερον.., κἀγὼ κατηγόμην S. Ph. 355, cf. Th. 1.50; παρέρχονταί τε μέσαι νύκτες κ. ψύχεται [ τὸ ὕδωρ ] Hdt. 4.181, cf. 3.108; [ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι ] οὐκ ἔφθασαν τὴν ἀρχὴν κατασχόντες κ. Θηβαίοις εὐθὺς ἐπεβούλευσαν Isoc. 8.98. joining an affirm. clause with a neg., ἀλλ' ὥς τι δράσων εἷρπε κοὐ θανούμενος S. Tr. 160, etc. καί.., καί.. correlative, not only.., but also.., κ. ἀεὶ κ. νῦν, κ. τότε κ. νῦν, Pl. Grg. 523a, Phlb. 60b; κ. κατὰ γῆν κ. κατὰ θάλατταν X. An. 1.1.7. by anacoluthon, ὣς φαμένη κ. κερδοσύνῃ ἡγήσατ' Ἀθήνη, for ὣς ἔφη κ..., Il. 22.247; ἔρχεται δὲ αὐτή τε.. κ. τὸν υἱὸν ἔχουσα, for κ. ὁ υἱός, X. Cyr. 1.3.1; ἄλλας τε κατηγεόμενοί σφι ὁδούς, κ. τέλος ἐγίνοντο Hdt. 9.104; τοιοῦτος ὤν, κᾆτ' ἀνὴρ ἔδοξεν εἶναι Ar. Eq. 392, cf. Nu. 624.
IV even, also, just,
1 τάχα κεν κ. ἀναίτιον αἰτιόῳτο even the innocent, Il. 11.654, cf. 4.161, etc.; δόμεναι κ. μεῖζον ἄεθλον an even greater prize, 23.551, cf. 10.556, 5.362: with numerals, κ. πέντε full five, 23.833; γενομένης κ. δὶς ἐκκλησίας Th. 1.44, cf. Hdt. 2.44, 60, 68, al. (but ἐτῶν δύο κ. τριῶν two or three, Th. 1.82, cf. X. Eq. 4.4).
2. also, κ. ἐγώ I also, Il. 4.40; κ. αὐτοί they also, X. An. 3.4.44, etc.; Ἀγίας καὶ Σωκράτης κ. τούτω ἀπεθανέτην likewise died, ib. 2.6.30; in adding surnames, etc., Ὦχος ὁ κ. Δαρειαῖος Ctes. Fr. 29.49 (sed Photii est): Ptol. Papyri have nom. ὃς κ., gen. τοῦ κ. etc., Πανίσκος ὃς κ. Πετεμῖνις PLond. 2.219 (b) 2 (ii B.C.); dat. τῷ κ. ib.(a) v2, PRein. 26.5 (ii B. C.); nom. ὁ κ. first in PTeb. 110.1 (i B. C.), freq. later, BGU 22.25 (ii A. D.), etc.; Ἰούδας ὁ κ. Μακκαβαῖος J. AJ 12.6.4; Σαῦλος ὁ κ. Παῦλος Acts 13:9 : with ἄλλος, λαβέτω δὲ κ. ἄλλος Od. 21.152; εἴπερ τι κ. ἄλλο, ὥς τις κ. ἄλλος, X. Mem. 3.6.2, An. 1.3.15, cf. Pl. Phd. 59a, Ar. Nu. 356: freq. in antithetic phrases, οὐ μόνον.., ἀλλὰ καὶ.., not only.., but also.., v. μόνος; οὐδὲν μᾶλλον.. ἢ οὐ καὶ.. Hdt. 5.94, al. freq. used both in the anteced. and relat. clause, where we put also in the anteced. only, εἰ μὲν κ. σὺ εἶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὧνπερ κ. ἐγώ Pl. Grg. 458a, cf. Il. 6.476, X. An. 2.1.21.
3. freq. in apodosi, after temporal Conjs., ἀλλ' ὅτε δή ῥα.., κ. τότε δή.. Il. 1.494, cf. 8.69, Od. 14.112; also after εἰ, Il. 5.897: in Prose, ὡς δὲ ἔδοξεν, κ. ἐχώρουν Th. 2.93: as a Hebraism, κ. ἐγένετο.. κ... LXX Genesis 24:30, al., Luke 1:59, etc.
4. with Advs., to give emphasis, κ. κάρτα Hdt. 6.125; κ. λίην full surely, Il. 19.408, Od. 1.46; κ. μᾶλλον Il. 8.470, cf. E. Heracl. 386; κ. πάλαι, κ. πάνυ, S. OC 1252, Pl. Chrm. 154e; κ. μάλα, κ. σφόδρα, in answers, Ar. Nu. 1326, Pl. La. 191e.
5. with words expressing a minimum, even so much as, were it but, just, ἱέμενος κ. καπνὸν ἀποθρῴσκοντα νοῆσαι Od. 1.58; οἷς ἡδὺ κ. λέγειν Ar. Nu. 528; τίς δὲ κ. προσβλέψεται; who will so much as look at you? E. IA 1192, cf. Ar. Ra. 614, Pl. Ap. 28b, 35b.
6. just, τοῦτ' αὐτὸ κ. νοσοῦμεν 'tis just that that ails me, E. Andr. 906, cf. Ba. 616, S. Tr. 490, Ar. Pax 892, Ra. 73, Pl. Grg. 456a, Tht. 166d: freq. with a relat., τὸ κ. κλαίουσα τέτηκα Il. 3.176; διὸ δὴ καὶ.. Th. 1.128, etc.: also in interrogations (usu. to be rendered by emphasis in intonation), ποίου Χρόνου δὲ καὶ πεπόρθηται πόλις; and how long ago was the city sacked? A. Ag. 278; ποῦ καί σφε θάπτει; where is he burying her? E. Alc. 834, cf. S. Aj. 1290, al., X. An. 5.8.2, Ar. Pax 1289, Pl. Euthphr. 6b, D. 4.46, etc.
7. even, just, implying assent, ἔπειτά με κ. λίποι αἰών thereafter let life e'en leave me, Il. 5.685, cf. 17.647, 21.274, Od. 7.224.
8. κ. εἰ even if, of a whole condition represented as an extreme case, opp. εἰ κ. although, notwithstanding that, of a condition represented as immaterial even if fulfilled, cf. Il. 4.347, 5.351, Od. 13.292, 16.98 with Il. 5.410, Od. 6.312, 8.139, etc.; εἰ κ. ἠπιστάμην if I had been able, Pl. Phd. 108d, cf. Lg. 663d. (This remark does not apply to cases where εἰ and καί each exert their force separtely, as εἴ περ ἀδειής τ' ἐστί, καὶ εἰ.. and if.. Il. 7.117, cf. Hdt. 5.78, etc.)
9. before a Participle, to represent either καὶ εἰ.., or εἰ καί.., although, albeit, Ἕκτορα κ. μεμαῶτα μάχης σχήσεσθαι ὀΐω, for ἢν κ. μεμάῃ, how much soever he rage, although he rage, Il. 9.655; τί σὺ ταῦτα, κ. ἐσθλὸς ἐών, ἀγορεύεις; (for εἰ κ. ἐσθλὸς εἶ) 16.627, cf. 13.787, Od. 2.343, etc.; κ. τύραννος ὢν ὅμως S. OC 851.
Position:
1. καί and, is by Poets sts. put after another word, ἔγνωκα, τοῖσδε κοὐδὲν ἀντειπεῖν ἔχω, for καὶ τοῖσδε οὐδέν A. Pr. 51, cf. Euph. 51.7, etc.
2. καί also, sts. goes between a Pr and its case, ἐν κ. θαλάσσᾳ Pi. O. 2.28.
3. very seldom at the end of a verse, S. Ph. 312, Ar. V. 1193.
crasis:
with ᾰ, as κἄν, κἀγαθοί, etc.;
with ε, as κἀγώ, κἄπειτα, etc., Dor. κἠγώ, κἤπειτα, etc.;
with η, as Χἠ, Χἠμέρη, Χἠμεῖς, etc.;
with ῐ in Χἰκετεύετε, Χἰλαρή;
with ο, as Χὠ, Χὤστις, etc.;
with υ in Χὐμεῖς, Χὐποχείριον, etc.;
with ω in the pron. ᾧ, Χᾦ;
with αι, as κᾀσχρῶν;
with αυ, as καὐτός;
with ει, as κεἰ, κεἰς (but also κἀς), κᾆτα;
with εὐ-, as κεὐγένεια, κεὐσταλής;
with οι in Χοἰ (Χᾠ EM 816.34);
with ου in Χοὖτος, κοὐ, κοὐδέ, and the like.
καί ,
conj.,
and.
I. Copulative.
1. Connecting single words;
(a) in general: Matthew 2:18; Matthew 16:1, Mark 2:15, Luke 8:15, Hebrews 1:1, al. mult.; repeated before each of the terms in a series, Matthew 23:23, Luke 14:21, Romans 7:12; Romans 9:4, al.;
(b) connecting numerals (WM, § 37, 4): John 2:20, Acts 13:20;
(c) joining terms which are not mutually exclusive, as the part with the whole: Matthew 8:33; Matthew 26:59, Mark 16:17, Acts 5:29, al.
2. Connecting clauses and sentences: Matthew 3:12, Acts 5:21, al. mult.; esp.
(a) where, after the simplicity of the popular language, sentences are paratactically joined (WM, § 60, 3; M, Proverbs 12:1-28; Deiss., LAE, 128 ff.): Matthew 1:21; Matthew 7:25, Mark 9:5, John 10:3, al.;
(b) joining affirmative to negative sentences: Luke 3:14, John 4:11, 3 John 1:10;
(c) consecutive, and so: Matthew 5:15; Matthew 23:32, Hebrews 3:19, al.; after imperatives, Matthew 4:19, Luke 7:7, al.; (d) = καίτοι and yet: Matthew 3:14; Matthew 6:26, Mark 12:12, Luke 18:7 (Field, Notes, 72), 1 Corinthians 5:2, al.;
(e) beginning an apodosis (= Heb. ו ; so sometimes δέ in cl.), then: Luke 2:21; Luke 7:12, Acts 1:10; beginning a question (WM, § 53, 3 a): Mark 10:26, Luke 10:29, John 9:36.
3. Epexegetic, and, and indeed, namely (WM, § 53, 3 c): Luke 3:18, John 1:16, Acts 23:6, Romans 1:5, 1 Corinthians 3:5, al.
4. In transition: Matthew 4:23, Mark 5:1; Mark 5:21, John 1:19, al.; so, Hebraistically, καὶ ἐγένετο (זַיְהִי H1961; also ἐγένετο δέ ), Mark 1:9 (cf. Luke 5:1; v. Burton, §§ 357-60; M, Proverbs 14:1-35; Proverbs 16:1-33).
5. καὶ . . καί , both . . . and (for τε . . . καί , see τε );
(a) connecting single words: Matthew 10:28, Mark 4:41, Romans 11:33, al.;
(b) clauses and sentences: Mark 9:13, John 7:28, 1 Corinthians 1:22, al.
II. Adjunctive, also, even, still: Matthew 5:39-40, Mark 2:28, al. mult.; esp. c. prop., adv., etc., Matthew 20:4, John 7:47, al.; ὡς κ ., Acts 11:17; καθὼς κ ., Romans 15:7; οὕτω κ ., Romans 6:11; κ ., Luke 1:35; ὁ κ . (Deiss., BS, 313 ff.), Acts 13:9; pleonastically, μετὰ κ . (Bl., § 77, 7; Deiss., BS, 265 f,), Philippians 4:3; τί κ ., 1 Corinthians 15:29; ἀλλὰ κ ., Luke 14:22, John 5:18, al.; καίγε (M, Pr., 230; Burton, § 437), Acts 17:27; καίπερ , Hebrews 5:8; κ . ἐάν , see ἐάν .
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
In LAE p. 129 ff. Deissmann discusses the thoroughly popular character of the Johannine style with its short paratactic sentences, introduced by καὶ. . . καί. To illustrate this, he cites amongst other exx. a Dream from the Serapeum, P Par 51 (B.C. 160) (= Selections, p. 18 ff. : see especially the amended readings in Archiv vi. p. 204), which runs—.2 ff. ὤμ [ην ] βατ (= δ)ίζειν με [ἀπ ]ὸ λειβὸς ἕως ἀ [πηλι ]ώτου, καὶ ἀναπίπτομαι ἐπ᾽ ἄχυρον · καὶ [ἄν ]θρωπ [ος ] ἀπὸ λιβός μου, ἐχόμενός μου · ἀναπίπτει καὶ αὐτός, καὶ ὥσπερ κεκλειμμ [ένοι ] μου ἦσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοί μου, καὶ ἐξαί [φνης ] ἀνύγω τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς μου, καὶ ὁρῶ κτλ., ";I dreamed that I was going from West to East, and I lie down upon chaff. And there is a man west of me, near to me. He also lies down, and my eyes were as if they were closed. And suddenly I open my eyes, and I see etc."; Cf. also the letter of consolation P Oxy I. 115.3 ff. (ii/A.D.) (= Selections, p. 96) οὕτως ἐλυπήθην καὶ ἔκλαυσα ἐπὶ τῶι εὐμοίρωι (";the blessed one";) ὡς ἐπὶ Διδυμᾶτος ἔκλαυσα, καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἦν καθήκοντα ἐποίησα καὶ πάντες οἱ ἐμοί, and the inscr. Syll 807 .15 ff. cited s.v. ἐπιχρίω, on which Deissmann (op. cit. p. 132) remarks : ";this text is, if possible, even more paratactic (‘Semitic,’ people would say, if it were a quotation from the New Testament) than the corresponding passage in St. John [John 9:7; John 9:11.]."; So also the simple parataxis of John 4:35 al. is illustrated by the illiterate P Par 18.14 ἔτι δύο ἡμέρας ἔχομεν καὶ φθάσομεν εἰς Πηλ [οίσι, and by the dedicatory inscr. at El-Kab, Preisigke 158 Ἀνδρόμαχος Μακεδὼν ἀφίκετο πρὸς Ἀμενώθην χρηστὸν θεὸν μ [ι ]σθοῦ ἐργαζόμενος καὶ ἐμαλακίσθη (";he was weakly";) καὶ ὁ θεὸς αὐτῶι ἐβοήθησε αὐθημερή : cf. Thumb Hellen. p. 129. Notwithstanding, however, this use of καί in later Greek idiom, it is impossible to deny that the use of καί in the LXX for the Heb. ו influenced the Johannine usage.
For δέ after καί, as in Matthew 10:18, John 6:51, 1 John 1:3, cf. P Hib I. 54.20 (c. B.C. 245) καὶ τὸ σῶμα δὲ εἰ συνείληφας παράδος αὐτὸ (deleted in the original) Σεμφθεῖ. For καί after μετά in Philippians 4:3 Deissmann (BS, p. 265) can quote only BGU II. 412.6 (iv/A.D.) Λαυνοῦς χήρα οὖσα μετὰ καί τοῦ υἱοῦ ἑαυτῆς, but he gives (p. 266) several instances of σὺν καί, e.g. ib.515.17 (A.D. 193) Πτολεμαῖος σὺν καὶ ὑπη [ρ ]έ [τ ]ῃ Ἀμμων [ί ]ῳ : add from the inscr. PAS iii. 612 (Imperial) σὺν καὶ τῷ ἀνδρὶ αὐτῆς. For καὶ γάρ see s.v. γάρ, and add P Giss I.69.4 (A.D.118–9) καὶ γὰρ πέρυσι ἐπὶ τὴν παράλημψιν τῶν ἱματίων αὐτὸν παρὰ σοὶ κατέλειψα : and for ὁ καί see s.v. ὁ. The strange form κά for καί occurs seven times in Codex Washington (W).
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
the Fifth Week after Epiphany