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Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2508 - καθαίρω
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- to cleanse, of filth impurity, etc
- to prune trees and vines from useless shoots
- metaph. from guilt, to expiate
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- Parsing
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this Strong's Number
κᾰθαίρω,
fut. κᾰθᾰρῶ X. Oec. 18.6, prob. in Pl. Lg. 735b, etc.: aor. 1 ἐκάθηρα Od. 20.152, Th. 3.104, Hp. Mul. 1.47, IG 22.1672.47 (ἀνα-), Theoc. 5.119, etc.; ἐκάθᾱρα is found in codd. of Antipho 6.37, X. An. 5.7.35, Hp. Acut. (Sp.) 11, and commonly in later Gr., Thphr. Char. 16.7, BCH 6.23 (Delos, ii B.C.), (ἀνα-) PPetr. 3p.141 (iii B.C.), (συνανα-) IG 11(2).163 A 56 (Delos, iii B.C.), cf. διακαθαίρω, ἐκκαθαίρω, etc., and Phryn. 16; v. infr. Med.: pf. κεκάθαρκα (ἐκ-) Sch. Ar. Pax 752: —
Med., fut. καθαροῦμαι Pl. Cra. 396e, Hp. Morb. 2.38 (in pass. sense, ib. 2.13, Nat.Mul. 13, Mul. 2.160): aor. ἐκαθηράμην A. Fr. 354, Hp. Epid. 5.43, Pl. Lg. 868a, IG 11(2).146 A 78 (Delos, iv B.C.), 153.9, 154 A 37 (ibid., iii B.C.); later ἐκαθᾱράμην ib.146 A 80 (iv B.C.), Inscr.Délos 290.79, al. (iii B.C.), etc., (ἀνα-) IG 22.1668.8 (iv B.C.): Pass., fut. καθαρθήσομαι Ruf. ap. Orib. 7.26.64, Gal. 7.222: aor. ἐκαθάρθην Hdt. 1.43, Th. 3.104, Hp. Epid. 5.2, etc. (aor. 2 ἀποκαθαρῇ is f.l. in Arr. Cyn. 27.1): pf. κεκάθαρμαι Hp. Nat.Mul. 8, Pl. Phd. 69c, etc.: (καθαρός):
I
1. cleanse, of things, καθήρατε δὲ κρητῆρας Od. 20.152; τραπέζας ὕδατ ι.. καθαίρειν 22.439; καθήραντες χρόα καλὸν ὕδατι 24.44; κ. οἰκίαν Antipho l.c., Thphr. l.c.; of wounds, Hp. Ulc. 6, al. (cf. καθαιρέω 11.6): c. gen., ἵππον αὐχμηρᾶς τριχός S. Fr. 475; κ. σῖτον X. Oec. 18.6; γῆν clear of weeds, ib. 20.11, cf. PLille 5.24 (iii B.C.), etc.; χρυσόν purify, refine, Pl. Plt. 303d: metaph., purge, clear a land of monsters and robbers, S. Tr. 1012 (hex.), 1061, Plu. Thes. 7; κ.λῃστηρίων τὴν ἐπαρχίαν Id. Ma 6: c.acc. cogn., καθαρμὸν κ. Pl. Lg. 735b: — Pass., τὴν νηδὺν ἀνασχισθεῖσαν καὶ καθαρθεῖσαν Hdt. 4.71.
2. in religious sense, purify, [ δέπας] ἐκάθηρε θεείῳ by fumigating with sulphur, Il. 16.228; κ. τινὰ φόνου purify him from blood, Hdt. 1.44, cf. Berl.Sitzb. 1927.160(Cyrene); Δῆλον κ. Hdt. 1.64, cf. Th. 1.8; στόλον κ., Lat. classem lustrare, App. BC 5.96: abs., IG 5(1).1390.68 (Andania, i B.C.): — Med., purify oneself, get purified, Hdt. 4.73; οἱ φιλοσοφίᾳ καθηράμενοι Pl. Phd. 114c, cf. Phdr. 243a, Cra. 396e; καθαίρεσθαι καθαρμούς Id. Lg. 868e; καθήρασθαι στόμα keep one's tongue pure, A. Fr. 354: — Pass., κεκαθαρμένος καὶ τετελεσμένος Pl. Phd. 69c.
3. Medic., purge, evacuate, either by purgatives or emetics, κ. κάτω ἢ ἄνω Hp. Mul. 1.64 (Pass.), cf. Thphr. HP 9.11.11, etc.: — Med., κατὰ κύστιν ἐκαθήρατο Hp. Epid. 1.15: — Pass., ib. 5.2, etc.; also of menstruation, Id. Superf. 33; of the after-birth, τὰ λοχεῖα κ. Id. Mul. 1.78; καθαίρων, ὁ, name for ἶρις, Ps.- Dsc. 1.1.
4. prune a tree,i.e. clear it of superfluous wood, John 15:2.
5. sift, winnow grain, PTeb. 373.10 (ii A.D.).
6. metaph., = μαστιγόω, Theoc. 5.119.
II of the thing removed by purification, purge away, wash off, λύματα πάντα κάθηρεν Il. 14.171; ἐπεὶ πλῦνάν τε κάθηράν τε ῥύπα πάντα Od. 6.93; clear away, τὰ λῃστικά D.C. 37.52: metaph., φόνον κ. A. Ch. 74 (lyr.); also perh., clear up, explain an action, τὴν σύστασιν Epicur. Nat. 66G., cf. 73G.
III c. dupl. acc., αἷμα κάθηρον.. Σαρπηδόνα cleanse him of blood, wash the blood off him, Il. 16.667: — Pass., καθαίρομαι γῆρας I am purged of old age, A. Fr. 45; ὁ καθαρθεὶς τὸν φόνον Hdt. 1.43.
καθαίρω; perfect passive participle κεκαθαρμενος; (καθαρός); to cleanse, properly, from filth, impurity, etc.; trees and vines (from useless shoots), to prune, John 15:2 (δένδρα ... ὑποτεμνομενα καθαίρεται, Philo de agric. § 2 (cf. de somniis ii. § 9 middle)); metaphorically, from guilt, to expiate: passive Hebrews 10:2 R G (see καθαρίζω, at the beginning) (Jeremiah 13:27; and so in Greek writings from Herodotus down). (Compare: διακαθαίρω, ἐκκαθαίρω.)
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καθαίρω
(< καθαρός ),
[in LXX: Isaiah 28:27 (H1758 ho.), 2 Samuel 4:6, Jeremiah 51:39 א *;]
to cleanse: of pruning, John 15:2 (cf. καθαρίζω ).†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
With the use of this verb in John 15:2 we may compare P Lille I. 5.24 (B.C. 260–59) ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου ξυλοκοπήσει καὶ τὴγ γῆν καθαρεῖ. Cf. P Tebt II. 373.10 (A.D. 110–1) ἐφ᾽ ᾧ ὁ Ἥρων μετρήσι καὶ καθαρεῖ καθ᾽ ἔτος εἰς τὸ δημόσιον. . . [τ ]ὰ. . . ἐκφόρια, ";on condition that Heron shall measure out and winnow the produce (cf. 2 Kings 4:6) annually for the State."; The verb is common in the inscrr, of ceremonial cleansing, e.g. Michel 694.68 (B.C. 91) ἔστι δὲ ἃ δεῖ παρέχειν πρὸ τοῦ ἄρχεσθαι τῶν μυστηρίων · ἄρνας δύο λευκούς, . . . καὶ ὅταν ἐν τῶι θεάτρωι καθαίρει, χοιρίσκους τρεῖς : cf. Kaibel 104.1 f.—
Ἐνθάδε Διάλογος καθαρῶι πυρὶ γυῖα καθήρας
ἀσκητὴς σοφίης ὤιχετ᾽ ἐς ἀθανάτους.
The compound ἀνακαθαίρω is found in P Lond 1177.332 (A.D. 113) (= III. p. 190).
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
