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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #2239 - ἦθος
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- a customary abode, dwelling place, haunt, customary state
- custom, usage, morals, character
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ἦθος, εος, τό (cf. ἔθος),
1. an accustomed place: hence, in pl., haunts or abodes of animals, μετά τ' ἤθεα καὶ νομὸν ἵππων Il. 6.511; [ σύας] ἔρξαν κατὰ ἤθεα κοιμηθῆναι Od. 14.411; of lions, Hdt. 7.125; of fish, Opp. H. 1.93; of the abodes of men, Hes. Op. 167, 525, Hdt. 1.15, 157, A. Supp. 64 (lyr.), E. Hel. 274, Pl. Lg. 865e, Arist. Mu. 398b33; ἔλεγον ἐξ ἠθέων τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατεῖλαι away from his accustomed place, Hdt. 2.142; of plants, Callistr. Stat. 7: metaph., with play on signf. 11, Pl. Phdr. 277a. II custom, usage: in pl., manners, customs, Hes. Op. 137, Th. 66, Hdt. 2.30, 35, 4.106, Th. 2.61; τρόποι καὶ ἤθη Pl. Lg. 896c; ἐθρέψω Ξέρξην ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἤ. ib. 695e; φθείρουσιν ἤθη χρήσθ' ὁμιλίαι κακαί PHib. 1.7.94 (E. Fr. 1024 = Men. 218); τοῖς ἤθεσιν ἁπλοῦς D.S. 5.21.
2. disposition, character, ἐπίκλοπον ἦθος Hes. Op. 67, 78; ἦ. ἐμφυές Pi. O. 11(10).21; ἀκίχητα ἤ., of Zeus, A. Pr. 187; τοὐμὸν ἦ. παιδεύειν S. Aj. 595; ὦ μιαρὸν ἦ. Id. Ant. 746; τὸ τῆς πόλεως ἦ. Isoc. 2.31; βελτίων τῆς πόλεως τὸ ἦ. D. 20.14; esp. moral character, opp. διάνοια, Arist. EN 1139a1; as the result of habit, τὸ πᾶν ἦ. διὰ ἔθος Pl. Lg. 792e, cf. Arist. EE 1220a39; ἦ. ἀνθρώπῳ δαίμων Heraclit. 119; ἦ. πηγὴ βίου Stoic. ap. Stob. 2.7.1; τῆς ψυχῆς, τῆς γνώμης, Pl. R. 400d, D. 61.16: freq. opp. πάθος, Arist. Rh. 1356a23 (pl.), etc.; ἠθῶν τε καὶ παθῶν μίμησις D.H. Pomp. 3; τὸ ἦ. πρᾶος Pl. Phdr. 243c: less freq. in dat., ἀγοραῖος τῷ ἤ. Thphr. Char. 6.2, cf. Inscr.Magn. 164.3 (i/ii A.D.): pl., traits, characteristics, Pl. R. 402d, Arist. EN 1144b4 (in sg., τὸ τῆς ἀνδρείας ἦ. Pl. Lg. 836d): seldom in pl., of an individual, στερρὸν τὰ ἤθεα Hp. 11; ἱερὸς κατὰ τὰ ἤθη Ath. 1.1e. of outward bearing, ὡς ἱλαρὸν τὸ ἦ. X. Smp. 8.3; ὑγρότης ἤθους Lycurg. 33; ὑψηλὸς τῷ ἤ. Plu. Dio 4: in pl., of facial expression, ὀφθαλμῶν ἤθη Philostr. Gym. 25. in Rhet., delineation of character, ἦ. ἔχουσιν οἱ λόγοι ἐν ὅσοις δήλη ἡ προαίρεσις Arist. Rh. 1395b13; ἦ. ἐμφαίνειν Phld. Rh. 1.200S.; esp. opp. πάθος, Longin. 9.15, etc.; κατ' ἦ. λέγεσθαι, opp. κατὰ πάθος, D.H. Comp. 22, cf. Lys. 19: in pl., πραγμάτων καὶ ἠθῶν Phld. Po. 5.5; ἐν πάθεσι καὶ ἤθεσιν Demetr. Eloc. 28, etc.; so of works of art, ἡ Ζεύξιδος γραφὴ οὐδὲν ἔχει ἦ. Arist. Po. 1450a29; πάθος καὶ ἦ. καὶ σχημάτων χρῆσις Ael. VH 4.3; πολλὰ ἤθη ἐπιφαίνει Philostr. Her. 2.10; also of Music, S.E. M. 6.49. dramatis persona, εἰσάγει ἄνδρα ἢ γυναῖκα ἢ ἄλλο τι ἦ. Arist. Po. 1450a11, al.
3. also of animals, ἦ. τὸ πρὸς τοκέων (prob.l.for ἔθος) A. Ag. 727, cf. E. Hipp. 1219, Pl. R. 375e, Arist. HA 487a12 (pl.); τὸ ἦ. ἀσθενής, of a bird, ib. 615a18; of things, nature, kind, παρὰ δ' ἦ. ἑκάστῳ (to each of the four elements) Emp. 17.28; τοῦ πυρετοῦ Gal. 7.353.
4. ἐν ἤθει tactfully (cf. ἠθικός 11.2), προσφέρεσθαι τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν Plu. 2.73e. cf. Herm. in Phdr. p.195A.; διὰ μέτριον ἦθος, of the expression δοκεῖ μοι, Steph. in Hp. 1.59D.
ἦθος, ᾔθεος (ἐθους), τό (akin to ἔθος, probably from ἘΩ, whence ἧμαι, έ῾ζω (cf. Vanicek, p. 379));
1. a customary abode, dwelling-place, haunt, customary state (Homer, Hesiod, Herodotus, others).
2. custom, usage (cf. German Sitzen,Sitte); plural τά ἤθη morals, character (Latinmores) 1 Corinthians 15:33 from Menander; cf. Menander fragment, Meineke edition, p. 75. (Sir. 20:26 (25); 4 Macc. 1:29; 2:7, 21.)
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** ἦθος , -εος (-ους ), τό ,
[in LXX: Sirach 20:26, 4 Maccabees 1:29; 4 Maccabees 2:7; 4 Maccabees 2:21; 4 Maccabees 5:24; 4 Maccabees 13:27*;]
1, a haunt, abode.
2. = ἔθος , custom, manner: pl., 1 Corinthians 15:33.†
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
For this word, which in the NT is found only in a quotation (1 Corinthians 15:33), generally believed to be taken from Menander, but assigned to Euripides in the new anthology P Hib I. 7.94 (c. B.C. 250–210), we may compare BGU I. 248.14 (ii/A.D.) ἐπιθυμεῖν τῶν ἠθῶν σου ἀπολαῦσαι, P Hamb I. 37.5 (ii/A.D.) ἀναγκαῖον γάρ ἐστι μνημίσκεσθαι (l. μιμνήσκεσθαι) τῆς καλοκαγαθίας σου καὶ τοῦ ἤθους σου τοῦ ἀληθινοῦς (l. –οῦ) φιλο ̣σόφου, P Giss I. 67.5 (ii/A.D.) δι᾽ ἧς (sc. ἐπιστολῆς) τὰ πρέποντά σου τῇ ἀξίᾳ καὶ [τῷ ] ἤθει ἁρμόζοντα δηλοῖς, P Oxy III. 642 (ii/A.D.) ἡμεῖς ν ̣(ῦ)ν ἀπολαύσωμεν τῷ χρηστῷ ὑμῶν ἤθει, ib. VI. 963 (ii/iii A.D.) οὐκ ἀλλότριο ̣[ν γὰρ ] τοῦ ἤθους ποιεῖς, φιλ [τάτη μῆτερ, σ ]πουδάζουσα. . . , and from the inscrr. Michel 545.8 (ii/B.C.) τό τε ἦθος κοσμιότητι καὶ εὐσ [χη ]μοσύνῃ, Magn 164.3 (i/ii A.D.) ἤθει καὶ ἀγωγῇ κόσμιον. See also Aristeas 290 ἦθος χρηστὸν καὶ παιδείας κεκοινωνηκὸς δυνατὸν ἄρχειν ἐστι, ";a good disposition which has had the advantage of culture is fitted to bear rule"; (Thackeray).
Copyright © 1914, 1929, 1930 by James Hope Moulton and George Milligan. Hodder and Stoughton, London.
Derivative Copyright © 2015 by Allan Loder.
