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Bible Lexicons
Old & New Testament Greek Lexical Dictionary Greek Lexicon
Strong's #1142 - δαίμων
- Thayer
- Strong
- Mounce
- a god, a goddess
- an inferior deity, whether good or bad
- in the NT, an evil spirit
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δαίμων, ονος,
voc. δαίμων S. OC 1480 (lyr.), δαῖμον Theoc. 2.11, ὁ, ἡ,
I
1. god, goddess, of individual gods or goddesses, Il. 1.222, 3.420, etc.; δαίμονι ἶσος 5.438; ἐμίσγετο δαίμονι δαίμων, of Φιλίη and Νεῖκος, Emp. 59.1: — but more freq. of the Divine power (while θεός denotes a God in person), the Deity, cf. Od. 3.27; πρὸς δαίμονα against the Divine power, Il. 17.98; σὺν δαίμονι by its grace, 11.792; κατὰ δαίμονα, almost, = τύχῃ, by chance, Hdt. 1.111; τύχᾳ δαίμονος Pi. O. 8.67; ἄμαχος δ., i. e. Destiny, B. 15.23: in pl., ὅτι δαίμονες θέλωσιν, what the Gods ordain, Id. 16.117; ταῦτα δ' ἐν τῷ δ. S. OC 1443; ἡ τύχη καὶ ὁ δ. Lys. 13.63, cf. Aeschin. 3.111; κατὰ δαίμονα καὶ συντυχίαν Ar. Av. 544.
2. the power controlling the destiny of individuals: hence, one's lot or forlune, δτυγερὸς δέ οἱ ἔχραε δ. Od. 5.396, cf. 10.64; δαίμονος αἶσα κακή 11.61; δαίμονα δώσω I will deal thee fate, i.e. kill thee, I 1.8.166; freq. in Trag. of good or ill fortune, ὅταν ὁ δ. εὐροῇ A. Pers. 601; δ. ἀσινής Id. Ag. 1342 (lyr.); κοινός Id. Th. 812; γενναῖος πλὴν τοῦ δαίμονος S. OC 76; δαίμονος σκληρότης Antipho 3.3.4; τὸν οἴακα στρέφει δ. ἑκάστψ Anaxandr. 4.6; personified as the good or evil genius of a family or person, δ. τῷπλεισθενιδῶν A. Ag. 1569, cf. S. OT 1194 (lyr.); ὁ ἑκάστου δ. Pl. Phd. 107d, cf. PMag.Lond. 121.505, Iamb. Myst. 9.1; ὁ δ. ὁ τὴν ἡμετέραν μοῖραν λελογχώς Lys. 2.78; ἅπαντι δ. ἀνδρι συμπαρίσταται εὐθὺς γενομένῳ μυσταγωγὸς τοῦ βίου Men. 16.2 D.; δ. ἀλάστορες Id. 8D.; ὁ μέγας [τοῦ Καίσαρος] δ. Plu. Caes. 69; ὁ σὸς δ. κακός ibid.; ὁ βασιλέως δ. Id. Art. 15; ἦθος ἀνθρώπῳ δ. Heraclit. 119; Ξενοκράτης φησὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἑκάστου εἶναι δ. Arist. Top. 112a37.
II δαίμονες, οἱ,
1. souls of men of the golden age, acting as tutelary deities, Hes. Op. 122, Thgn. 1348, Phoc. 15, Emp. 115.5, etc.; θεῶν, δ., ἡρώων, τῶν ἐν Ἅιδου Pl. R. 392a: less freq. in sg., δαίμονι δ' οἷος ἔησθα τὸ ἐργάζεσθαι ἄμεινον Hes. Op. 314; τὸν τὲ δ. Δαρεῖον ἀγκαλεῖσθε, of the deified Darius, A. Pers. 620; νῦν δ' ἐστὶ μάκαιρα δ., of Alcestis, E. Alc. 1003 (lyr.), cf. IG 12(5).305.5 (Paros): later, of departed souls, Luc. Luct. 24; δαίμοσιν εὐσεβέσιν, = Dis Manibus, IG 14.1683; so θεοὶ δ., ib.938, al.: also, ghost, Paus. 6.6.8.
2. generally, spiritual or semi-divine being inferior to the Gods, Plu. 2.415a, al., Sallust. 12, Dam. Pr. 183, etc.; esp. evil spirit, demon, Matthew 8:31, J. AJ 8.2.5; φαῦλοι δ. Alex.Aphr. Pr. 2.46; δαίμονος ἔσοδος εἰς τὸν ἄνθρωπον, Aret. SD 1.4; πρᾶξις ἐκβάλλουσα δαίμονας PMag.Par. 1227.
3. ἀγαθὸς δ. the Good Genius to whom a toast was drunk after dinner, Ar. V. 525, Nicostr.Com. 20, D.S. 4.3, Plu. 2.655e, Philonid. ap. Ath. 15.675b, Paus. 9.39.5, IG 12(3).436 (Thera), etc.; of Nero, ἀ. δ. τῆς οἰκουμένης OGI 666.3; of the Nile, ἀ. δ. ποταμός ib.672.7 (i A.D.); of the tutelary genius of individuals (supr. 1), ἀ. δ. Ποσειδωνίου SIG 1044.9 (Halic.): pl., δαίμονες ἀ., = Lat. Di Manes, SIG 1246 (Mylasa): Astrol., ἀγαθός, κακός δ., names of celestial κλῆροι, Paul.Al. N. 4, O. 1, etc. (Less correctly written Ἀγαθοδαίμων, q.v.). = δαήμων, knowing, δ. μάχης skilled in fight, Archil. 3.4. (Pl. Cra. 398b, suggests this as the orig. sense; while others would write δαήμονες in Archil., and get rid of this sense altogether; cf. however αἵμων. More probably the Root of δαίμων (deity) is δαίω to distribute destinies;; cf. Alcm. 48.)
δαίμων, δαίμονος, ὁ, ἡ;
1. in Greek authors, a god, a goddess; an inferior deity, whether good or bad; hence, ἀγαθοδαιμονες and κακοδαιμονες are distinguished (cf. Winer's Grammar, 23 (22)).
2. In the N. T. an evil spirit (see δαιμόνιον, 2): Matthew 8:31; Mark 5:12 (R L); Luke 8:29 (R G L marginal reading); Revelation 16:14 (Rec.);
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δαίμων , -ονος , ὁ , ἡ ,
[in LXX for H1408, Isaiah 65:11 (א ; δαιμονίῳ , AB) *;]
in cl. and NT = δαιμόνιον ; a demon: Matthew 8:31. †
Copyright © 1922 by G. Abbott-Smith, D.D., D.C.L.. T & T Clarke, London.
The word is used in its old sense in P Leid Wxiv. 9 (ii/iii A.D.) δαίμων δαιμώνων , in a spell addressed to a divinity. It answers often to the Latin Genius. Thus in a notification of the accession of Nero, P Oxy VII. 1021.9 (A.D. 54) the Emperor is described as ἀγαθὸς δαίμων δὲ τῆς οὐκου ̣μένης (l. οἰκ —), ";the good genius of the world."; Similarly OGIS 666.2 Νέρων ] Κλαύδιος . . . ὁ ἀγαθὸς δαίμων τῆς οἰκουμένης , σὺν ἅπασιν οἷς εὐεργέτησεν ἀγαθοῖς : cf. ib. 672.7 (A.D. 80) with reference to the Nile—ὠρύγη Ἀγαθὸς Δαίμων ποταμὸς ἐπὶ τὰ τρία στερεά κτλ . In a private letter of iii/A.D. the combination occurs as a proper name, P Strass I. 73.4 Ἀγαθὸς Δαίμων σύν σοι εἰσελθὼν διεπέμψατο : cf. BGU II. 494.14 (ii/A.D.), al. For the word in a bad sense, see the magical incantation, P Par 574.1227 ((iii/A.D.) (= Selections, p. 113) πρᾶξις γενναία ἐκβάλλουσα δαίμονας , ";a notable spell for driving out demons,"; and the Christian amulet in which the wearer prays, ὅπως διώξῃς ἀπ᾽ ἐμοῦ τοῦ δούλου σου τὸν δαίμονα προβασκανίας , ";that Thou mayst drive from me Thy servant the demon of witchcraft";—BGU III. 954.9 (c. vi/A.D.) (= Selections, p. 133). In P Grenf II. 76.3 (A.D. 305–6) two νεκροτάφοι from Kusis agree to a formal divorce, seeing that ";owing to some evil deity"; they have renounced their wedded life = ἐπὶ (l. ἐπεὶ ) ἐκ τινὸς πονηροῦ δαίμονος συνέβη αὐτοὺς ἀποζεῦχθαι ἀλλήλων τὴν κοινὴν αὐτῶν συνβίωσιν . So P Cairo Preis 2.12 (A.D. 362) ὡς τῆς γυναικός μου πῖραν λαβοῦσαν (for λαβούσης ) δέμονος , ";in the belief that my wife had had experience of a demon.";
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