Bible Encyclopedias
Ze'era

Arrival in Palestine.
Ze'era's arrival in Palestine and his first experiences there have been recorded in various anecdotes. He was small of stature and of dark complexion, for which reason Assi called him "Black Pot" ('Ab. Zarah 16b), according to an expression current in Babylonia (comp. Meg. 14b Pes. 88a Ber. 50a) this name probably also contained an allusion to his sputtering manner of speech. With reference to a malformation of his legs, he was called "the little one with shrunken legs," or "the dark, burned one with the stubby legs" (comp. Bacher, "Ag. Pal. Amor." 3:7, note 2). With these nicknames is connected a legend which throws light upon Ze'era's ascetic piety (B. M. 85a). In Palestine he associated with all the prominent scholars. Eleazar b. Pedat was still living at the time (Niddah 48), and from him Ze'era received valuable instruction (Yer. Ter. 47d). His most intimate friends were Assi and Ḥiyya b. Abba. In his intercourse with Assi he was generally the one who asked questions and on one occasion Assi made known his approval of one of Ze'era's questions by saying: "Right you are, Babylonian you have understood it correctly" (Yer. Shab. 7c). Ze'era especially acknowledged the authority of Ammi, the principal of the school at Tiberias and it is related that he asked Ammi to decide questions pertaining to religious law that had been addressed to himself (Yer. Dem. 25b Yer. Shab. 8a Yer. Yeb. 72d). Ze'era was highly esteemed by Abbahu, the rector at Cæsarea, of whom he considered himself a pupil. He was ordained rabbi, a distinction usually denied to members of the Babylonian school and though in the beginning he refused this honor (Yer. Bik. 65c), he later accepted it on learning of the atoning powers connected with the dignity (Sanh. 14a). His insignificant appearance was humorously referred to when at his ordination he was greeted with the words of a wedding-song: "Without rouge and without ornament, but withal a lovable gazel" (Ket. 17a).

Social Condition and Family Life.
With regard to Ze'era's private vocation, the only facts known are that he once traded in linen, and that he asked Abbahu how far he might go in improving the outward appearance of his goods without rendering himself liable in the slightest degree to a charge of fraud (Yer. B. M. 9d). Information regarding his family relations is also very scanty it is asserted that he became an orphan at an early age (Yer. Pe'ah 15c), and that his wedding was celebrated during the Feast of Tabernacles (Suk. 25b) and he had one son, Ahabah or Ahava, who has become well known through various haggadic maxims (comp. Bacher, l.c. 3:651-659).

Ze'era occupies a prominent place in the Halakah as well as in the Haggadah with regard to the former he is especially distinguished for the correctness and knowledge with which he transmits older maxims. Among his haggadic sayings the following may be mentioned as throwing light upon his high moral standpoint: "He who has never sinned is worthy of reward only if he has withstood temptation to do so" (Yer. Ḳid. 61d) "One should never promise a child anything which one does not intend to give it, because this would accustom the child to untruthfulness" (Suk. 46b). On account of his lofty morals and piety Ze'era was honored with the name "the pious Babylonian." Among his neighbors were several people known for their wickedness, but Ze'era treated them with kindness in order to lead them to moral reformation. When he died, these people said, "Hitherto Ze'era has prayed for us, but who will pray for us now?" This reflection so moved their hearts that they really were led to do penance (Sanh. 37a). That Ze'era enjoyed the respect of his contemporaries is evidenced by the comment upon his death written by an elegist: "Babylonia gave him birth Palestine had the pleasure of rearing him 'Wo is me,' says Tiberias, for she has lost her precious jewel" (M. Ḳ. 75b).