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Bible Encyclopedias
Ancient See of Rochester
The Catholic Encyclopedia
or (ROFFA; ROFFENSIS).
The oldest and smallest of all the suffragan sees of Canterbury, was founded by St. Augustine, Apostle of England, who in 604 consecrated St. Justus as its first bishop. It consisted roughly of the western part of Kent, separated from the rest of the county by the Medway, though the diocesan boundaries did not follow the river very closely. The cathedral, founded by King Ethelbert and dedicated to St. Andrew from whose monastery at Rome St. Augustine and St. Justus had come, was served by a college of secular priests and endowed with land near the city called Priestfield. It suffered much from the Mercians (676) and the Danes, but the city retained its importance, and after the Norman Conquest a new cathedral was begun by the Norman bishop Gundulf. This energetic prelate replaced the secular chaplains by Benedictine monks, translated the relics of St. Paulinus to a silver shrine which became a place of pilgrimage, obtained several royal grants of land, and proved an untiring benefactor to his cathedral city. Gundulf had built the nave and western front before his death; the western transept was added between 1179 and 1200, and the eastern transept during the reign of Henry III. The cathedral is small, being only 306 feet long, but its nave is the oldest in England and it has a fine Norman crypt. Besides the shrine of St. Paulinus, the cathedral contained the relics of St. Ithamar, the first Saxon to be consecrated to the episcopate, and St. William of Perth, who was held in popular veneration. In 1130 the cathedral was consecrated by the Archbishop of Canterbury assisted by thirteen bishops in the presence of Henry I, but the occasion was marred by a great fire which nearly destroyed the whole city and damaged the new cathedral. After the burial of St. William of Perth in 1201 the offerings at his tomb were so great, that by their means the choir was rebuilt and the central tower was added (1343), thus completing the cathedral. From the foundation of the see the archbishops of Canterbury had enjoyed the privilege of nominating the bishop, but Archbishop Theobald transferred the right to the Benedictine monks of the cathedral who exercised it for the first time in 1148.
The following is the list of bishops with the date of their accession; but the succession from Tatnoth (844) to Siward (1058) is obscure, and may be modified by fresh research:
| St. Justus, 604 Romanus, 624 Vacancy, 625 St. Paulinus, 633 St. Ithamar, 644 Damianus, 655 Vacancy, 664 Putta, 666-9 Cwichelm, 676 Gebmund, 678 Tobias, 693-706 Ealdwulf, 727 Dunno, 741 Eardwulf, 747 Deora, 765-72 Wærmund I, 781-5 Beornmod, 803-5 Tatnoth, 844 Beadunoth (possibly identical with Wærmund II) Wærmund II, 845-62 Cuthwulf, 860- 8 Swithwulf (date unknown) Ceolmund, 897-904 Cynefrith (date unknown) Burbric, 933 or 934 Beorhtsige (doubtful name) Daniel, 951-5 Aelfstan, c. 964 Godwine I, 995 Godwine II (date unknown) Siweard, 1058 Arnost, 1076 Gundulf, 1077 Radulphus d'Escures, 1108 Ernulf, 1115 John of Canterbury, 1125 John of Sées, 1137 Ascelin, 1142 Walter, 1148 | Gualeran, 1182 Gilbert de Glanvill, 1185 Benedict de Sansetun, 1215 Henry Sandford, 1226 Richard de Wendover, 1235 (consecrated, 1238) Lawrence de St. Martin, 1251 Walter de Merton, 1274 John de Bradfield, 1277 Thomas Inglethorp, 1283 Thomas de Wouldham, 1292 Vacancy, 1317 Hamo de Hythe, 1319 John de Sheppey, 1352 William of Whittlesea, 1362 Thomas Trilleck, 1384 Thomas Brunton, 1373 William de Bottisham, 1389 John de Bottisham, 1400 Richard Young, 1404 John Kemp, 1419 (afterwards Cardinal) John Langdon, 1421 Thomas Brown, 1435 William Wells, 1437 John Lowe, 1444 Thomas Rotheram (or Scott), 1468 John Alcock, 1472 John Russell, 1476 Edmund Audley, 1480 Thomas Savage, 1492 Richard Fitz James, 1496 Bl. John Fisher, 1504 (Cardinal) Schismatical bishops: John Hilsey, 1535 Richard Heath, 1539 Henry Holbeach, 1543 Nicholas Ridley, 1547 John Poynet, 1550 John Scory, 1551 Vacancy, 1552 |
The canonical line was restored by the appointment in 1554 of Maurice Griffith, the last Catholic bishop of Rochester, who died in 1558. The diocese was so small, consisting merely of part of Kent, that it needed only one archdeacon (Rochester) to supervise the 97 parishes. It was also the poorest diocese in England. The cathedral was dedicated to St. Andrew the Apostle. The arms of the see were argent, on a saltire gules an Escalop shell, or.
SHRUBSOLE AND DENNE, History and Antiquities of Rochester (London, 1772); Wharton, Anglia Sacra (London, 1691) pt. i, includes annals by DE HADENHAM (604-1307) and DE DENE (1314-50); PEARMAN, Rochester: Diocesan History (London, 1897); PALMER, Rochester: The Cathedral and See (London, 1897); HOPE, Architectural History of Cathedral in Kent Arch*logical Society, XXIII, XXIV (1898-1900); ERNULPHUS, Textus Roffensis, ed. HEARNE (London, 1720), reprinted in P.L. CLXIII; PEGGE, Account of Textus Roffensis (London, 1784) in NICHOLS, Bib. Topog. Brit., (London, 1790); J. Thorpe, Registrum Roffense (London, 1769); J. THORPE, JR., Custumale Roffense (London, 1988); WINKLE, Cathedral Churches of England and Wales (London, 1860); FAIRBANKS, Cathedrals of England and Wales (London, 1907); GODWIN, De pr*sulibus Angli* (London, 1743); GAMS, Series Episcoporum (Ratisbon, 1873); SEARLE, Anglo-Saxon Bishops, Kings and Nobles (Cambridge, 1899).
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Obstat, Nihil. Lafort, Remy, Censor. Entry for 'Ancient See of Rochester'. The Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/tce/a/ancient-see-of-rochester.html. Robert Appleton Company. New York. 1914.
