Bible Encyclopedias

Albany, the Duke of
a title formerly given to a member of the royal family, and revived in the present reign.

Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
son of prince albert and queen victoria; b . 1844.

Alva, Duke of
A general of the armies of Charles V. and Philip of Spain; his career as a general was uniformly successful, but as a governor his cruelty was merciless,

Argyll, George John Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of
As Marquis of Lorne took a great interest in the movement which led to the Disruption of the Church of Scotland in 1843, a Whig in politics, was a member

Argyll, John Campbell, 2nd Duke of
favoured the union, was created an english peer, fought under marlborough, opposed the return of the stuarts, defeated mar at sheriffmuir, ruled scotland under walpole (1678-1743).

Arthur, Prince, Duke of Brittany
heir to the throne of england by the death of his uncle richard i.; supplanted by king john.

Athole, Sir John James Hugh Stewart-Murray, 7th Duke of
honourably distinguished for having devoted years of his life to editing the records of the family and the related history; b . 1840

Beaufort, Duke of
grandson of henry iv. of france; one of the chiefs of the fronde; was surnamed roi des halles (king of the market-folk); appointed admiral of france; did good execution against the pirates; passed into the service of venice; was killed at the siege of candia in 1669.

Bedford, John, Duke of
Brother of Henry V., protector of the kingdom and regent of France during the minority of Henry VI., whom, on the death of the French king, he proclaimed

Bernhard, Duke of Weimar
A great German general; distinguished himself on the Protestant side in the Thirty Years' war; fought under the standard of Gustavus Adolphus; held command

Berwick, James Fitz-James, Duke of
a natural son of james ii., a naturalised frenchman; defended the rights of his father; was present with him at the battle of the boyne; distinguished himself in spain, where he gained the victory of almanza; was made marshal of france; fell at the siege of philippsburg; left "memoirs" (1670-1734).

Biren, Duke of Courland
son of a peasant, favourite of the russian empress anne; held the reins of government even after her death; ruled with great cruelty; was banished to siberia, but recalled, and had his honours restored to him, which in six years after he relinquished in favour of his eldest son (1687-1772).

Bridgewater, Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of
celebrated for his self-sacrificing devotion to the improvement and extension of canal navigation in england, embarking in it all his wealth, in which he was aided by the skill of brindley; he did not take part in politics, though he was a supporter of pitt; died unmarried (1736-1803).

Brunswick, Charles William, Duke of
Prussian general, commanded the Prussian and Austrian forces levied to put down the French Revolution; emitted a violent, blustering manifesto, but a

Brunswick, Frederick William, Duke of
brother of queen caroline; raised troops against france, which, being embarked for england, took part in the peninsular war; fell fighting at ligny, two days before the battle of waterloo (1771-1815).

Buckingham, George Villiers, Duke of
Favourite of James I. and Charles I., born in Leicestershire; rose under favour of the former to the highest offices and dignities of the State; provoked

Buckingham, George Villiers, Duke of (2)
son of the preceding; served under charles i. in the civil war, was at the battle of worcester; became minister of charles ii.; a profligate courtier and an unprincipled man (1627-1688).

Calomar`de, Duke
a spanish statesman; minister of ferdinand vii.; a violent enemy of liberal principles and measures, and a reactionary; obnoxious to the people; arrested for treachery, escaped into france by bribing his captors (1773-1842).

Cambridge, First Duke of
seventh and youngest son of george iii.; served as volunteer under the duke of york, and carried a marshal's baton; was made viceroy of hanover, which he continued to be till, in 1837, the crown fell to the duke of cumberland (1774-1850).

Cambridge, Second Duke of
son of the preceding and cousin to the queen, born in hanover; served in the army; became commander-in-chief in 1856 on the resignation of viscount hardinge; retired in 1895, and was succeeded by lord wolseley; b . 1819.

Clarence, Duke of
brother of edward iv.; convicted of treason, he was condemned to death, and being allowed to choose the manner of his death, is said to have elected to die by drowning in a butt of malmsey wine (1459-1478).

Coleridge, John Duke, Lord
an english lawyer, cousin of hartley coleridge; after serving in inferior appointments, appointed lord chief-justice of england in 1880; when at the bar he was prominent in connection with tichborne case.

Connaught, Duke of
the third son of queen victoria, bred for the army, has held several military appointments; was promoted to the rank of general in 1893, and made commander-in-chief at aldershot; b . 1850.

Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke of
second son of george ii., was defeated at fontenoy by the french in 1745; defeated the pretender next year at culloden; earned the title of "the butcher" by his cruelties afterwards; was beaten in all his battles except this one (1721-1765).

Devonshire, Duke of
see cavendish .

Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of
english statesman in the reign of george iii.; held various offices of state under rockingham, chatham, and north; was bitterly assailed in the famous "junius letters" (1735-1811).

Great Duke
duke of wellington (q. v .).

Guise, Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine, Duke of
son of the succeeding, and considered the ablest of the guise family; was archbishop of rheims in 1538, and cardinal of lorraine in 1547; was prominent at the council of trent, and in conjunction with his brother fiercely opposed protestantism (1527-1574).

Iron Duke
duke of wellington, from his iron will, it is surmised.

Lauderdale, John Maitland, Duke of
Scottish Secretary under Charles II., professed Covenanting sympathies in his youth, and attended the Westminster Assembly of Divines as a Commissioner

Leeds, Thomas Osborne, Duke of
English statesman, son of a Yorkshire baronet, after the Restoration entered Parliament as member for York and supporter of King and Church; his advance

MacMahon, Duke of Magenta
marshal of france, born at sully, of irish descent, second president of the third french republic from 1873 to 1879; distinguished himself in algeria and at the crimea, and took part in the franco-german war to his defeat and capture (1808-1893).

Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of
Soldier and statesman, born in Devonshire; joined the Guards as ensign, and served in Tangiers in 1667; sent in command of a company to help Louis XIV.

Monk, George, Duke of Albemarle
General and admiral, was a Devonshire man, who spent his youth in the Dutch wars, and returned to England just in time to side with Charles I. against

Monmouth, James, Duke of
Illegitimate son of Charles II., born at Rotterdam; was admitted to Court after the Restoration, and received his title in 1663; his manners and his

Ormonde, James Butler, Duke of
Supporter of the cause of Charles I. in Ireland during the war between the king and the Parliament, on the ruin of which he repaired to the Continent

Oudinot, Duke of Reggio
marshal of france, born at bar-le-duc; served with distinction under the revolution and the empire; led the retreat from moscow, and was wounded; joined the royalists after the fall of napoleon, and died governor of the hôtel des invalides (1767-1847).

Reichstadt, Duke of
the son and successor of napoleon as napoleon ii.; died at vienna in 1832.

Saldanha Oliveira E Daun João Carlos, Duke of
Portuguese statesman and soldier, played an honourable and patriotic part in many wars and crises of his country, notably in Brazil in the struggle between

Saxe-Coburg, Duke of
second son of the queen, duke of edinburgh; married a daughter of alexander ii., czar of russia; succeeded to the dukedom in 1893; retains his annuity as an english prince of £10,000; b . 1844.

Schomberg, Duke of
french marshal, of german origin and the protestant persuasion; took service under the prince of orange, and fell at the battle of the boyne (1618-1690).

Sully, Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of
Celebrated minister of Henry IV. of France, born at the Château of Rosny, near Mantes, whence he was known at first as the Baron de Rosny; at first

Wharton, Philip, Duke of
an able man, but unprincipled, who led a life of extravagance; professed loyalty to the existing government in england; intrigued with the stuarts, and was convicted of high-treason, and died in spain in a miserable condition (1698-1731).

York, Duke of
Title often given to the second son of the English sovereign, and conferred in 1892 upon Prince George, second son of the Prince of Wales (afterwards