Lectionary Calendar
Monday, December 23rd, 2024
the Fourth Week of Advent
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Bible Encyclopedias
Plain
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
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plān ((1) כּכּר , kikkār , "circle" "talent," or "round loaf"; (2) מישׁור , mı̄shōr , from ישׁר , yāshar , "to be level"; compare Arabic maisûr , "that which is easy"; (3) בּקעה , bı̄ḳ‛āh ; compare Arabic baḳ‛at , "a plot of ground" or "a wet meadow"; (4) ערבה , ‛ărābhāh ; (5) שׁפלה , shephēlāh ; (6) τόπος πεδινός , tópos pedinós ( Luke 6:17 ); (7) אלון , 'ēlōn ; compare אלה , 'ēlāh , and אלּום , 'allōn "oak" (Genesis 35:4 , Genesis 35:8 , etc.); also אלה , 'ēlāh , "Elah" (1 Samuel 17:2 ); (8) אבל , 'ābhēl ): See NATURAL FEATURES .
(1) Kikkār , when meaning "plain" usually refers to the alluvial plain about Jericho near the north end of the Dead Sea: "Plain (the Revised Version margin "circle") of the Jordan" ( Genesis 13:10 , Genesis 13:11; 1 Kings 7:46; 2 Chronicles 4:17 ); "Plain of the valley of Jericho" (Deuteronomy 34:3 ); "cities of the Plain" (Genesis 13:12; Genesis 19:29 ); "all the Plain" (Genesis 19:17 , Genesis 19:25 ); "by the way of the Plain" (2 Samuel 18:23 ); but "the plain round about Jerusalem" (Nehemiah 12:28 ). See CICCAR; CIRCLE .
(2) Mı̄shōr , English Versions of the Bible "plain," the Revised Version margin usually "table-land," clearly refers in most places to the highlands of Gilead and Moab, East of the Jordan and the Dead Sea; e.g. Joshua 13:9 , "the plain (the Revised Version margin "table-land") of Medeba."
(3) Biḳ‛āh is more often translated "valley" (which see).
(4) ‛Ărābhāh is in the Revised Version (British and American) often translated "the Arabah," denoting the whole Jordan-Dead-Sea-Arabah depression = Arabic Ghaur ( Ghôr ). In Deuteronomy 11:30 , the King James Version has "champaign" (which see). The "plains of Moab" (Numbers 22:1; Numbers 26:3 , Numbers 26:13; Numbers 31:12; Numbers 33:48 , Numbers 33:49 , Numbers 33:50; Numbers 35:1; Numbers 36:13; Deuteronomy 34:1 , Deuteronomy 34:8; Joshua 13:32 ) and "plains of Jericho" (Joshua 4:13; Joshua 5:10; 2 Kings 25:5; Jeremiah 39:5; Jeremiah 52:8 ) are the low plain or ghaur North of the Dead Sea. ‛Ărābhāh is here equivalent to kikkār (see above). Note the distinction between mı̄shōr used of the highlands, and kikkār and ‛ărābhāh used of the ghaur . See ARABAH .
(5) Shephēlāh is by the Revised Version (British and American) throughout translated "lowland" (which see), and includes the western slopes of the Judean hills and the maritime plain.
(6) Topos pedinos occurs only in Luke 6:17 .
(7) 'Ēlōn is translated "plain" in the King James Version: "plain of Moreh" ( Genesis 12:6; Deuteronomy 11:30 ); "plain (or plains) of Mamre" (Genesis 13:18; Genesis 14:13; Genesis 18:1 ); "plain of Zaanaim" (Judges 4:11 ); "plain of the pillar" (Judges 9:6 ); "plain of Meonenim" (Judges 9:37 ); "plain of Tabor" (1 Samuel 10:3 ). the Revised Version (British and American) has throughout "oak," the Revised Version margin "terebinth"; compare "oak" (Genesis 35:4 , Genesis 35:8 , etc.) and "vale of Elah" (1 Samuel 17:2 , 1 Samuel 17:19; 1 Samuel 21:9 ).
(8) 'Ābhēl kerāmı̄m ( Judges 11:33 ) is in the King James Version "the plain of the vineyards," the Revised Version (British and American) "Abel-cheramim," the Revised Version margin "the meadow of vineyards." Elsewhere in English Versions of the Bible 'abhel is "Abel" or "Abel." See ABEL-CHERAMIM; MEADOW .
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Bibliography Information
Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. Entry for 'Plain'. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. https://www.studylight.org/​encyclopedias/​eng/​isb/​p/plain.html. 1915.