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Bible Encyclopedias
Doctrine
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
or 1. Meaning of Terms
(1) In the Old Testament for (a )
(2) In the New Testament for (i)
2. Christ's Teaching Informal
The meaning of these words in the New Testament varied as the church developed the content of its experience into a system of thought, and came to regard such a system as an integral part of saving faith (compare the development of the meaning of the term "faith"): (1) The doctrines of the Pharisees were a fairly compact and definite body of teaching, a fixed tradition handed down from one generation of teachers to another (Matthew 16:12 , the King James Version "doctrine"; compare Matthew 15:9; Mark 7:7 ). (2) In contrast with the Pharisaic system, the teaching of Jesus was unconventional and occasional, discursive and unsystematic; it derived its power from His personality, character and works, more than from His words, so that His contemporaries were astonished at it and recognized it as a new teaching (Matthew 7:28; Matthew 22:33; Mark 1:22 , Mark 1:27; Luke 4:32 ). So we find it in the Synoptic Gospels, and the more systematic form given to it in the Johannine discourses is undoubtedly the work of the evangelist, who wrote rather to interpret Christ than to record His ipsissima verba ( John 20:31 ).
3. Apostolic Doctrines
The earliest teaching of the apostles consisted essentially of three propositions: (a ) that Jesus was the Christ (Acts 3:18 ); (b ) that He was risen from the dead (Acts 1:22; Acts 2:24 , Acts 2:32 ); and (c ) that salvation was by faith in His name (Acts 2:38; Acts 3:16 ). While proclaiming these truths, it was necessary to coördinate them with Hebrew faith, as based upon Old Testament revelation. The method of the earliest reconstruction may be gathered from the speeches of Peter and Stephen (Acts 2:14-36; Acts 5:29-32; 7:2-53). A more thorough reconstruction of the coördination of the Christian facts, not only with Hebrew history, but with universal history, and with a view of the world as a whole, was undertaken by Paul. Both types of doctrine are found in his speeches in Acts, the former type in that delivered at Antioch (13:16-41), and the latter in the speeches delivered at Lystra (Acts 14:15-17 ) and at Athens (Acts 17:22-31 ). The ideas given in outline in these speeches are more fully developed into a doctrinal system, with its center removed from the resurrection to the death of Christ, in the epistles, especially in Galatians, Romans, Ephesians, Philippians and Colossians. But as yet it is the theological system of one teacher, and there is no sign of any attempt to impose it by authority on the church as a whole. As a matter of fact the Pauline system never was generally accepted by the church. Compare James and the Apostolic Fathers..
4. Beginnings of Dogma
In the Pastoral and General Epistles a new state of things appears. The repeated emphasis on "sound" or "healthy doctrine" (1 Timothy 1:10; 1 Timothy 6:3; 2 Timothy 1:13; 2 Timothy 4:3; Titus 1:9; Titus 2:1 ), "good doctrine" (1 Timothy 4:6 ) implies that a body of teaching had now emerged which was generally accepted, and which should serve as a standard of orthodoxy. The faith has become a body of truth "once for all delivered unto the saints" (Judges 1:3 ). The content of this "sound doctrine" is nowhere formally given, but it is a probable inference that it corresponded very nearly to the Roman formula that became known as the Apostles' Creed. See DOGMA .
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Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. Entry for 'Doctrine'. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/isb/d/doctrine.html. 1915.
