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Suwalki, Poland (Capital)

1911 Encyclopedia Britannica

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Suwalki, Poland (Government)

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A town of Russian Poland, capital of the government of the same name, situated at the source of the Hancza, a tributary of the Niemen, 65 m. by rail N.W. of Grodno. Pop. 27,165. In the 15th century it was a small village amid forests, peopled by Lithuanians. Its trade is chiefly in timber, grain, woollen cloth and other manufactured goods.

Suyuti [Abu-1 Fadhl'Abd ur-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr Jalal ud-Din us-Suyuti] (1445-1505), Arabian encyclopaedic writer, was the son of a Turkish slave woman. His father, who was of Persian descent, had been cadi in Suyut (Upper Egypt) and professor in Cairo, but died before his son was six years old. The boy's training was taken in hand by a Sufi friend of the father. He was precocious and is said to have known the Koran by heart before he was eight years old. In 1462 he was already a teacher; in 1464 he made the pilgrimage to Mecca; in 1472 he became a professor, and in 1486 was promoted to a chair in the mosque of Bibars. Here, however, he provoked a revolt among the students and in r501 was discharged for maladministration of trust funds. Two years later he was offered the same post again, but declined, and worked in seclusion at Rauda, an island of the Nile, and there died in 1505. He was one of the most prolific writers of the East, though many of his works are only pamphlets and some are mere abridgments of the work of others.

We know of 561 separate titles of his works, and over 316 exist in manuscript. A list of these is given in C. Brockelmann's Gesch. der Arabischen Litteratur, ii. 144-158 (Berlin, 1902). They deal with almost every branch of Moslem science and literature. Among the best known are the Itgan fi `Ulum ul-Quran (on the exegetic sciences of the Koran), published with an analysis by A. Sprenger (Calcutta, 1852-1854) and often in Cairo; the commentary on the Koran, known as the Tafsir ul-Jalalain, begun by Jalal ud-Din ul-Malialli (1389-1459) and finished by Suyuti, published often in the East; and the history of the caliphs, published at Calcutta (1858) and elsewhere. (G. W. T.)